QUANTIZATION AND CODING OF TRANSFORM COEFFICIENTS Transform coding [es ani en Compressed image NXN images Compressed Uncompressed Blocking artifact: boundaries between subimages become visibleMotivation for “Transformation” + Motivation for transformation: — To yield a more efficient representation of the original samples. — The transformed parameters should require fewer bits to code. + Types of transformation used: — For speech coding: prediction * Code predictor and prediction error samples — For audio coding: subband decomposition + Code subband samples — For image coding: DCT and wavelet transforms * Code DCT/wavelet coefficients Transform Coding + Represent an image as the linear combination of some basis images and specify the linear coefficients. 60-61 / 86ke bes Ee Kh pe Joo iP x alk know) | 4 He telingg tra fia, @) & od veel prams Elna aan dn der [oer De have Piped mhie esate ry jee bea PNG the tramsition alee Yel pends oy HP MGA | : St 4 stohed based method ‘wae Pa image Com pression Lrcamngle —Jo, caale hes ee bam | ey co ore aurea” aa feel -€ e grhhul “eh 09 ) > a Fae 2 be cae ohare? = Eigen Weeks Veet) Len ae a) (] 3 ore Ob Ne ou — On bet oe oie &. 27 Ey] apr HEY ue Orie A AO iined oats Poon the tro eae Ho ede WO { Dt) +bity) Biv) aeThe Discrete Cosine Transform eee ECU Om BC eas image transformation in most visual systems. DCT has eke alo M antimatter nt Seni Momo clu mite ene hase Paneer omen eee Ris atom OnE Represents data via summation of variable frequency Ost e fe een aK Ree ene Re meee Cee Pree eure eo O eet NCCE) een eae een Tseenttc itt Pree a Uke Meet ene CT) Stereo erences mieten miners NANA Qx+Dur, Qy+Dve mward c(u,v) = away) EE f(x,y)cos > MF reas(& S » am 2N 2N 1,901 oNel 5 c terse fx.y) = EE alacvjC(u, v)cos( a 0 = 2 Qx+Dux y+ Ive 7 )eos XL YO Lyon Nelve) reaneCono) i Be BYR rece) Energy Compaction Separability any Orthogonality De correlatio The principle advantage of image transformation is the removal of redundancy between neighboring pixels. This tem see kne iit eMy te nnn encoded independently. The amplitude of the autocorrelation after the DCT operation is very small at all lags. Hence, it can be inferred that DCT exhibits excellent de correlation properties.+ bosses 1LRunlength 2.Huffma 3.Shannon Fano 4 Aithmetic S.Dictionary based + bossy 1.Lossy Predictive Lossy 2VectorQuantization 3 Block Fansform 41Pe6 spec conpvset + Broadcast Television + Remote sonsng via satelite + Miltary communication wa radar, sonar + Tele conferencing + Computer communications + Facsimile transmission + Medical images :in computer tomography + Magnetic Resonance imaging(MRI) + Satelite images, geological surveys, weather maps Why Compress? “Video Format —¥ Size Color Frame Rate Raw Dats Sampling ? (Mi