‫ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ‬ATC ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬

Downloaded from jcme.iut.ac.ir at 1:48 IRST on Friday December 17th 2021

***
‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﺷﺎﻧﻪﭼﻲ** ﻭ ﺍﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻱ‬،*‫ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻋﻴﺪﻳﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺑﺠﻨﻮﺭﺩ‬،‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ‬
‫ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻓﺮﺩﻭﺳﻲ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ‬،‫ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﺓ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬،‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ‬
Fellow IEEE, BC Hydro‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺒﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ‬

( ٨٢/٥/٢١ :‫ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬- ٨١/٨/٢٠ :‫)ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬

‫ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﭘﻮﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬.‫ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﻳﺎ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﺩ‬ATC ‫ ﺭﻭﺷـﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬- ‫ﭼﻜـﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺣﺪ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ‬.‫ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺣﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺣﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﺬﺭﺍﻱ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‬ATC
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬،‫ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬،‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﺗـﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺗـﺮﻳﺲ ﮊﺍﻛﻮﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻭ‬ATC ‫ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻤﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬،‫ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ‬.‫ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬.‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‬،‫ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻭ ﮔﺬﺭﺍﻱ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ‬.‫ﮔﺬﺭﺍﻱ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺩﺭ‬،‫ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﺰﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻏﺮﺑﺎﻝ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﺎﺱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ‬١٤٥ ‫( ﻭ‬IEEE) ٣٠ ،١٠ ،(CIGREE)٧ ،٣ ،٢ ‫ ﻧـﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ‬.‫ﻧﻈـﺮ ﮔـﺮﻓﺖ‬
.‫ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺮﺯ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‬

ATC ،‫ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ‬،‫ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ‬ : ‫ﻭﺍﮊﮔﺎﻥ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ‬

Assessment of ATC Using Simultaneous Voltage and

Transient Stability
M. Eidiani, M. H. Modir Shanechi and E. Vaahedi
Azad University of Bojnourd, Ferdowsi University B.C Hydro

Abstract: Methods for calculating Available Transfer Capability (ATC) of the transmission systems may be grouped under
Static and Dynamic methods. This paper presents a fast dynamic method for ATC calculations, which considers both Transient
Stability Limits and Voltage Stability Limits as terminating criteria. A variation of Energy Function Method is used to determine
the transient stability limit and the determinant of the Jacobian matrix of the system is used as an index to determine the voltage
stability limit. A novel method is used to approximately calculate this determinant. Combining these two methods, an algorithm
that calculates ATC, based on both voltage and angle dynamic stability is presented. The advantage of this algorithm, besides
considering both voltage and angle dynamic stability, is its high speed. This speed of calculation makes the algorithm a perfect

‫ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ‬- *** ‫ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻴﺎﺭ‬- ** ‫ ﻣﺮﺑﻲ‬- *

١١ ١٣٨٣ ‫ ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ‬،٢ ‫ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬،٢٣ ‫ ﺳﺎﻝ‬،‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ‬

PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com

 ‫‪candidate to be used in screening contingencies and to determine those cases that need to be further analyzed. To demonstrate the‬‬
‫‪validity, efficiency, and the speed of the new method, it is employed in the calculation of ATC for numerical examples with 2, 3, 7‬‬
‫‪(CIGREE), 10, 30 (IEEE) and 145 (Iowa State) buses.‬‬
‫‪Keywords: Voltage Stability, Transient Stability, ATC‬‬
‫‪Downloaded from jcme.iut.ac.ir at 1:48 IRST on Friday December 17th 2021‬‬
‫‪ PEBS‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ‬
‫‪ POMP‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﺎﻛﺰﻳﻤﻢ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ‬
‫‪ VS‬ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫)‪ V(δ,v‬ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ‬
‫‪ δ‬ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﺭ‬
‫‪ δS‬ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫‪ δU‬ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫‪ ωi‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ‪i‬ﺍﻡ‬
‫‪ λ‬ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫‪ QL‬ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﻫﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﺭ‬
‫‪ QLmax‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﻫﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﺭ‬
‫‪ SEP‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫‪ Ts‬ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫‪ Trajectory‬ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫‪ Tcl‬ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺧﻄﺎ‬
‫‪ UEPi‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪i‬ﺍﻡ‬
‫‪ Vi‬ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺑﺎﺱ ‪i‬ﺍﻡ‬
‫‪ Vpe‬ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ‬
‫‪ Pmi‬ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪i‬ﺍﻡ‬
‫‪ PL‬ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﺭ‬
‫‪ Prod‬ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻀﺮﺏ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ‬
‫ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔـﺬﺭﺍ‪ ١ATC .‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜـﺮ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ‬
‫ﺳـﺎﻋﺖ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺿـﺎﻓﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺧﺪﺷـﻪﺩﺍﺭ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺘﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔـﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻟﺬﺍ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ‪ ATC‬ﭘﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ]‪ ١‬ﻭ ‪ [٢‬ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ‪،‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ ٨٨٩‬ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ FERC‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،٢٣‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢‬ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ ‪١٣٨٣‬‬
‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ‬
‫‪ ATC‬ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ‬
‫)‪ (a,b,c‬ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
‫‪ A,B,C,D‬ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﮊﺍﻛﻮﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫‪ ADE‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺩﻳﻔﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﻞ‪ -‬ﺟﺒﺮﻱ‬
‫‪ BCU‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﺗﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ Bij‬ﺳﻮﺳﭙﺘﺎﻧﺲ ﺧﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺳﻬﺎﻱ )‪ (i‬ﻭ )‪(j‬‬
‫‪ CTSA‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ‬
‫)‪ Det(J‬ﺩﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﮊﺍﻛﻮﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫‪ Di‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻳﻨﺮﺳﻲ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ‪i‬ﺍﻡ‬
‫‪ Diag‬ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ‬
‫‪ EPEBS‬ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ‪PEBS‬‬
‫‪ FERC‬ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻓﺪﺭﺍﻝ‬
‫‪ FCTTC‬ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻛﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ‬
‫)‪ f(δ1,δ2‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟـﻪ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪i‬ﺍﻡ )ﺑﺎ ﺣﺬﻑ‬
‫ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ(‬
‫)‪ fi(δ,v‬ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ )ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺑﺎﺭ(‬
‫‪ J‬ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﮊﺍﻛﻮﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫‪ NORP‬ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻕ‬
‫‪ ODE‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺩﻳﻔﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺟﺰﻳﻲ‬
‫‪ OASIS‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﻇـﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺍﻧـﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻗـﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜـﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻧـﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ )ﺑﺎﺱ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ( ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ )ﺑﺎﺱ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ( ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺯﻳـﺮ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ :‬ﺣــﺪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗـﻲ ﺧﻄـﻮﻁ‪ ،‬ﺣـﺪ ﭘﺎﻳــﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣــﺪ ﻭﻟــﺘﺎﮊ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺳــﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳــﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻟــﺘﺎﮊ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣــﻴﻚ ﻭ‬
‫‪١٢‬‬
 ‫ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ …‬
‫ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ‬
‫ﺩﻗــﻴﻖ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄــﻲ ﺳﻴﺴــﺘﻢ ﻗــﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛــﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳــﺎﺩﻩﺗــﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﺬﺭﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫‪ ATC‬ﭘﻮﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ‬
‫‪Downloaded from jcme.iut.ac.ir at 1:48 IRST on Friday December 17th 2021‬‬
‫ﻣﺸـﺨـﺺ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ ﺭﻟـﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺯﻣـﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﺨـﺺ ﺗﻨـﻈﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺷـﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻄﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﻗـﺪﺭ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺱ‬
‫)ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ( ﻣﻘﺼﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺱ )ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ( ﻣﺒﺪﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ )ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺎﻡ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ( ﺗﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺑﺎﺳﻬﺎ ﺻﺮﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻭ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ‪ -‬ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻭ ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ ﺩﻭ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺷـﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﮔـﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ‪ATC‬‬
‫ﭘــﻮﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ‪ MAT٥‬ﺍﺳــﺖ ]‪ .[٩‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻟــﻪ‬
‫”ﻣﺎﻛـﺰﻳﻤﻢ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺣﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﮔـﺬﺭﺍ“ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٩٩‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺣﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﻏـﺮﺑﺎﻝ ﻣـﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻗـﻴﻖ ﻣﻮﺷـﻜﺎﻓﻲ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳـﭙﺲ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸـﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻦ ﺍﻟﮕـﻮﻱ ‪ ،ATC‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻣـﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﻳﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﺮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻧـﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻏـﺮﺑﺎﻝ ﭼـﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﺎﻣﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ]‪،[١٠‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳـﻲ ﺑﺎﺭﮔـﺬﺍﺭﻱ ]‪ [١١‬ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ‬
‫ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴــﻴﻦ ‪ ATC‬ﻭ ‪ ١٢] FCTTC٦‬ﻭ ‪ .[١٣‬ﺍﺯ ﻣــﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﺍﻳــﻦ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺷـﻬﺎﻱ ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﻗﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﹰ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠـﺎ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ ATC ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻮﻳﺎ ‪-‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻭ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‪-‬‬
‫‪١٣‬‬
‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﻣﻮﻇـﻒ ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻫـﺮ ﺳـﺎﻋﺖ‪ ATC ،‬ﺭﺍ‬
‫‪٤‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﻭ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ‪OASIS‬‬
‫)ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗـﻲ ﺩﺳـﺘﺮﺱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻫﻤـﺰﻣﺎﻥ( ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ‪ ATC‬ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻫـﺮ ﻳـﻚ ‪ MW‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻻﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺳـﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ؛ ﺩﻗـﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ‪ ATC‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻟـﻮﻳﺖ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ‪ ATC‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ‬
‫ﻛﻠـﻲ ﺭﻭﺷـﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﻳﺎ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺻﻮﻻﹰ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﻧﻤﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ‪ ATC‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣـﻴﻪ )ﻳـﺎ ﺑـﺎﺱ( ﻣﻘﺼـﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ )ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﺱ(‬
‫ﻣـﺒﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﻗـﺪﺭ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺑﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺟﻮﺍﺏ‬
‫ﻧﺪﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫‪ ATC‬ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺑﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﺪ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺳﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﻫﻮﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺳﻬﺎ ﻭ …‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣـﺪ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺨﺶ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ]‪ ٣‬ﻭ ‪[٤‬‬
‫ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺨـﺶ ﺑـﺎﺭ ﺑﻬﻴـﻨﻪ ]‪ ،[٥‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻫﻮﻣـﻲ ﺩﺭ ‪ ،[٦] ATC‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺤﻠـﻴﻞ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ]‪ ،[٧‬ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ]‪ [٨‬ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺩﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻥ ]‪ [٢‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺴـﺘﺎ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ‪ ATC‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳـﺎﺩﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺿـﺢ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻌﻄـﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﻋﻴﺐ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣـﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺳـﺮﻳﻊ ﺗﻘﺴـﻴﻢ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣـﻴﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﻛـﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺁﺭﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴـﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﹰ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻄﻲﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺟـﺰﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣـﻴﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﺳـﺮﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،٢٣‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢‬ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ ‪١٣٨٣‬‬
 ‫ﺭﻭﺷـﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ]‪ [١٦ -١٤‬ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺑـﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ]‪ [١٦‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ]‪[١٥‬‬
‫ﺑﻬـﺒﻮﺩ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ‬
‫‪Downloaded from jcme.iut.ac.ir at 1:48 IRST on Friday December 17th 2021‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻗـﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺯﻣﺎﻥﺑﺮ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺧﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻣﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﻋـﻴﺐ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣـﺰﻳﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﭘﺨـﺶ ﺑـﺎﺭ ﻛﻼﺳـﻴﻚ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ]‪ [٣‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴـﻪ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺭﻭﺷـﻬﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷــﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﺎﺑــﻊ ﺁﺯﻣــﺎﻳﺶ ‪ [١٧] tS‬ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛــﻪ ﺑــﻪ ﺩﻟــﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ‪ ATC‬ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻤﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺑـﻪ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧـﻨﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳـﺮ ﻭﻳـﮋﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻳﺘـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺖ ]‪ .[١٧‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟـﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻭ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ]‪ .[٢‬ﺍﻭﻻﹰ‬
‫ﺯﻣــﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﻪ ﺗﺎﺑــﻊ ﺁﺯﻣــﺎﻳﺶ ﺯﻳــﺎﺩ ﺍﺳــﺖ )ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻ ـﺎﹰ ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ(‪ .‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎﹰ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺧـﺮﻩ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺩﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻟـﺘﺎﮊ ﺍﺳﺖ ]‪ .[٢‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺩﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺩﺍﺩ ]‪.[٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢-٢‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺩﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳـﻌﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻳﺎﺑـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺯﻳـﺮ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﻋـﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺩﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ J):‬ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﮊﺍﻛﻮﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،٢٣‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢‬ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ ‪١٣٨٣‬‬
‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻭ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺣﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺯ‪ :‬ﭘﺨـﺶ ﺑـﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﮊﺍﻛﻮﺑﻴﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﺪﺳـﻲ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬
‫ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﺗﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭ ]‪ ،[١٦ - ١٤‬ﺣﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬
‫ﭘﺨـﺶ ﺑـﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﭼﻴﺎﻧﮓ‪ [١٧] ٧‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒـﻲ ﺩﺗـﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻥ ]‪ .[٢‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨـﺶ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺑـﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺷـﻬﺎﻱ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﻣﻬﻤﺘـﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺷـﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﺣـﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘـﺎﻁ ﺗﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ )ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ(‪،‬‬
‫‪ [١٨] PEBS ٨‬ﻭ ‪ .[١٩] ٩ POMP‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠـﺎ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ ﻭ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻟـﺘﺎﮊ ﻛـﺎﻣﻼﹰ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺗﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ؛ ﻟﺬﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻔﺎﻫـﻴﻢ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺩﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ‬
‫ﮊﺍﻛﻮﺑﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎ ‪ ٣‬ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺻﺮﻑﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺑﺨﺶ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺎﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ‪ATC‬‬
‫ﺑـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﮔـﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨـﺶ ﺷﺸﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ ‪،٧‬‬
‫‪ ٣٠ ،١٠‬ﻭ ‪ ١٤٥‬ﺑـﺎﺱ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ‬
‫‪ -١-٢‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺑﺨـﺶ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮﺭ ﺧﻼﺻـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫‪١٤‬‬
 ‫‪λ1 = −a (det( J ( x1 , λ1 ))) 2 + b‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫‪λ 2 = −a (det( J( x 2 , λ 2 ))) 2 + b‬‬
‫ﺑـﺎ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ]‪ [٢‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ‪٢‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﻣـﻲﮔﻴـﺮﺩ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ .(ts‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺘﺮ‬
‫‪Downloaded from jcme.iut.ac.ir at 1:48 IRST on Friday December 17th 2021‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺗـﺮﻳﺲ ﻭ ‪ B‬ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ diag(A) ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻱ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻗﻄﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺣـﺪ ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ‪ λ‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫ﺩﺗـﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ‪ c‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﺯﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴـﺮ ‪ b ،a‬ﻭ ‪ ،c‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )‪ (٣‬ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻝﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺽ ‪ c=2‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﺔ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﺑـﻪ ﻋـﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﮊﺍﻛﻮﺑﻴﻦ )‪(J‬‬
‫ﺩﻭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ))‪ ( λ1 ,det(J1‬ﻭ ))‪ ( λ 2 ,det(J2‬ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﺳﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﻛـﺮﺩ ﺳـﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )‪ a ،(٤‬ﻭ ‪ b‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻛـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ λ‬ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﺩﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺻـﻔﺮ ﭘـﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪ b‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺁﻧﺠـﺎ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣـﺜﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﭘـﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨـﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻛـﺰﻳﻤﻢ ﻭﺍﻗﻌـﻲ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬
‫ﭘﺨـﺶ ﺑـﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻝ ﺗﺼـﺤﻴﺢ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ b ،a‬ﻭ ‪ ،c‬ﺑﮕﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﻪ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ )ﺳﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻝ(‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ‪ λ‬ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ‪ b‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺩﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟـﻒ‪ -‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺩﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﮊﺍﻛﻮﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟـﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺩﻭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ‪ λ‬ﺑﺤـﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟـﻬﺖ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ‪ATC‬‬
‫ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺑﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻣـﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺩﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ‪،c‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ λ‬ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ‪ ATC‬ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻧـﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ‬
‫ﭼـﻴﺎﻧﮓ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ )ﺑﺨﺶ ‪(١-٢‬؛ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ‪ATC‬‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ]‪.[٢‬‬
‫ﺑـﺎ ﺗـﻮﺟﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻧـﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﮔـﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ]‪ ،[٢‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ﺩﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺣﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ‪ C ،B ،A‬ﻭ ‪ D‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ؛‬
‫ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪(١٠‬‬
‫) ‪det( J ) = prod (diag ( A )).prod (diag ( D‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫))‪− diag (C).diag (1. / diag ( A )).diag ( B‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﺔ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ A‬ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺗـﺮﻳﺲ ‪ prod(B) ،A‬ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻀﺮﺏ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ ‪ B‬ﻭ‬
‫)‪ diag(B‬ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻌـﻨﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺴـﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ ‪ B‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎﹰ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺩﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ‪ ATC‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺳﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺳﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ‪ λ‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪Pgi = Pgi0 (1 +λ‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫) ‪Pdj = Pdj0 (1 +λ‬‬
‫ﻛـﻪ ‪ Pgi0‬ﻭ ‪ Pdj0‬ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ‪ i‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳـﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ‪ j‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﺳﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ‪،ATC‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻫﺮ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﭼﻪ ﺳﻬﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﻫـﺮ ﺑـﺎﺭ ﭼﻪ ﺳﻬﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ؛ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺳﻌﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﹰ ﺳﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎﺱ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧـﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻛﺘـﺮ ﭼـﻴﺎﻧﮓ ﻛـﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ‪ ٢‬ﻳﺎ ‪ ٤‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺯﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ؛ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ‬
‫ﮊﺍﻛﻮﺑـﻴﻦ ﺑـﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ‪ ٢‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪λ = − a.(det( J)) C + b , c = 2‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻓﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺩﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻥ ‪ J‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪) λ‬ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ(‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟـﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻣـﺪﻝ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺸـﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ )ﺩﻭ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ‬
‫ﭘﺨـﺶ ﺑﺎﺭ(‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪ λ‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺍﻟﮕـﻮﻱ ‪ ،ATC‬ﻣﻌﻠـﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ؛ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪ a‬ﻭ ‪ b‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﻨﺪ )ﺩﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻝ(‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،٢٣‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢‬ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ ‪١٣٨٣‬‬
 ‫‪ .٢‬ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﺗﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻭﻟـﻴﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١-٣‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻄﺎﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻧﺘﮕﺮﺍﻝﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺷـﺒﻴﻪﺳـﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻧـﺰﺩﻳﻚﺗـﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ‪ ∆ t‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،[١٨] PEBS ،‬ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻋﺼﺒﻲ ]‪،[٢٠‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﻣﺴـﻴﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺴﻂ ﺗﻴﻠﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒــﻲ ]‪ ،[٢١‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻘــﺮﻳﺐ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﻪ ﻧﻘﻄــﻪ ﺗﻌــﺎﺩﻝ‬
‫‪Downloaded from jcme.iut.ac.ir at 1:48 IRST on Friday December 17th 2021‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﮔـﺎﻡ ‪ ٣‬ﻣـﺪﻝ ﺯﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻛﺰﻳﻤﻢ ﺯﻭﺍﻳﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭ ‪ [٢٢] BCU‬ﻭ ﺭﻭﺷـﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﻄﺎ ‪ [٢٣] CTSA ،[١٩] POMP‬ﻭ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،[٢٤] ١٠‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﻣﻌـﻴﺎﺭ ‪ PEBS‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ]‪ ١٨‬ﻭ ‪ .[٢٠‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺘـﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺷـﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻴــﻴﻦ ﺣـﺪ ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔــﺬﺭﺍ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻤــﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ‪ ٣‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ‪٦‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺷـﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺷـﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻛﻢ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪،‬‬
‫‪ .٦‬ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺩﺭ ‪ EPOMP‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻋـﺪﻡ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳـﻲ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﮔـﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ )‪ .(Vcr‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﺧﻄﺎﺩﺍﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ‪ ٤‬ﺍﺳﺖ؛‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪(V1) .‬‬
‫ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ‪،‬‬
‫‪ .٧‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴــﺘﻢ ﺧﻄــﺎﺩﺍﺭ ﺑــﺎ ﺗــﻮﺟﻪ ﺑــﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳــﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺍﻧــﺮﮊﻱ ﻓــﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺣﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ]‪ .[٣‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﮕﺮﺍﻝﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺷـﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ POMP‬ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ‪ Vcr > V1‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﮕﺮﺍﻝﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪(t = t + dt) .‬‬ ‫ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﻗـﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﺳـﺖ ]‪ [١٩‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ‪ ATC‬ﺑـﺎ ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ Vcr < V1‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﮕﺮﺍﻝﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪(t = t - dt) .‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔـﺬﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ]‪ .[١٣‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ POMP‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺣﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑـﻪ ﺩﻟـﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫‪ -٢-٣‬ﺭﻭﺵ ‪POMP‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﮕـﺮﺍﻝﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺧﻴﻠـﻲ ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ POMP‬ﺑﺪﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﺎﻛﺰﻳﻤﻢ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ ﻣـﻲﺭﺳﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄـﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﺴﻂ ﺗﻴﻠﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺎﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﮕﺮﺍﻝ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﻢ؛ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣـﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (١‬ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ؛ ﺩﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ‪ POMP .‬ﻭ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺁﻥ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ‪ EPOMP١١‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ]‪ ١٣‬ﻭ ‪.[١٩‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ‪ POMP‬ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﻟﺬﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ EPOMP .‬ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﻂ ﺗﻴﻠﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴـﻴﺮ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺑﺨـﺶ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻣـﺜﺎﻝ ﺳـﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﻙ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺯﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳـﺘﻢ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻟـﺘﺎﮊ ﻭ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫‪ .١‬ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﻗـﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄـﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﺧﻄـﺎﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﺎ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻟﺘـﺎﮊ ﻭ ﮔـﺬﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣـﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﻣـﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،٢٣‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢‬ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ ‪١٣٨٣‬‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

‫‪Downloaded from jcme.iut.ac.ir at 1:48 IRST on Friday December 17th 2021‬‬

‫‪EPOMP‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ – ١‬ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻄﺎﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ‪ POMP‬ﻭ‬

‫ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﮕـﺮﺍﻝﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ‪ ATC‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﺮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪Vpe ( δ1 , δ 2 ) = cos( δ1 ) + 0.5 cos( δ1 − δ 2‬‬ ‫‪ -١-٤‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﻪ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺳﻮﻡ‬
‫‪+ 0.5 cos( δ 2 ) + 0.01δ1 + 0.05δ 2‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ ﻋـﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣـﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ‬
‫‪∂Vpe‬‬ ‫‪∂Vpe‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺿـﺢ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ‬
‫‪= f1 (δ1 , δ 2 ),‬‬ ‫) ‪= f 2 (δ1 , δ 2‬‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫‪∂δ1‬‬ ‫‪∂δ 2‬‬
‫ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔـﺬﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﮊﺍﻛﻮﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﮊﺍﻛﻮﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ؛ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺣﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ؛ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺻﺮﻑﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫‪ ∂f1‬‬ ‫‪∂f1 ‬‬
‫‪ ∂δ‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪∂δ 2 ‬‬
‫‪J= 1‬‬ ‫=‪‬‬
‫‪ ∂f 2‬‬ ‫‪∂f 2 ‬‬ ‫‪M1=M2=2,‬‬ ‫‪D1=D2=0.6,‬‬ ‫‪Pm1=0.02,‬‬ ‫‪Pm2=0.1,‬‬
‫‪ ∂δ1‬‬ ‫‪∂δ 2 ‬‬
‫‪V1=V2=V3=1, B12=B23=1, B13=2‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫) ‪ − cos( δ1 ) − 0.5 cos( δ1 − δ 2‬‬ ‫) ‪0.5 cos( δ1 − δ 2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫) ‪0.5 cos( δ1 − δ 2‬‬ ‫‪− 0.5 cos( δ 2 ) − 0.5 cos( δ1 − δ 2 ) ‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﺩ ]‪:[٢٥‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ،det(J)=0‬ﻣـﺮﺯ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺑـﻪ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ‬ ‫‪δ& 1 = ω1, ω‬‬
‫‪& 1 = − sin(δ1 ) − 0.5 sin(δ1 − δ 2 ) − 0.3δ& 1 + 0.01‬‬

‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ )‪ (PEBS‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪δ& 2 = ω2, ω‬‬
‫‪& 2 = −0.5 sin(δ 2 ) − 0.5 sin(δ 2 − δ1 ) − 0.3δ& 2 + 0.05‬‬

‫ﺩﺳـﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ ﺻـﺮﻑﻧﻈـﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺩﻣﭙﻴﻨﮓ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫‪ PEBS‬ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﺳﺖ] ‪:[٢٠‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪:‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬ ‫) ‪&δ& = − sin(δ ) − 0.5 sin(δ − δ ) + 0.01 = f (δ , δ‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1 1 2‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫) ‪&δ& = −0.5 sin(δ ) − 0.5 sin(δ − δ ) + 0.05 = f (δ , δ‬‬
‫) ‪PEBS(δ1 , δ 2 ) = f1 (δ1 , δ 2 )(δ1 − δ1S ) + f 2 (δ1 , δ 2 )(δ 2 − δS2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 1 2‬‬

‫‪١٧‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،٢٣‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢‬ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ ‪١٣٨٣‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺭﺍﺋــﻪ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟــﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑــﺘﺪﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﺍﻟﮕــﻮﻱ ‪،ATC‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ATC‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨـﺶ ﺑﻌـﺪﻱ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺑﺎﺳﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫‪Downloaded from jcme.iut.ac.ir at 1:48 IRST on Friday December 17th 2021‬‬
‫ﻛـﻪ ‪ δS‬ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ‪ ،PEBS=0‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣـﺮﺯ ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔـﺬﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﻭﺍﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭ ) ‪ ( δS‬ﻭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ) ‪ ( δ U‬ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻌــﺎﺩﻝ ﻧــﻮﻉ ﻳــﻚ ﺁﻥ )‪ (UEP1,UEP2‬ﺩﺭ ﺷــﻜﻞ )‪ (٢‬ﻣﺸــﺨﺺ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺶ )‪ (١-٤‬ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢-٤‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺎﺳﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ‬
‫ﻳـﻚ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻚ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ‪ QL=1 , PL=2 ،x=10‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ]‪:[١٥‬‬
‫‪f1 ( δ, v) = PL − B12 v sin( δ) = 0‬‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪f 2 ( δ, v ) = Q L − B 22 v − B12 v cos( δ) = 0‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧـﻨﺪ ﺑﺨـﺶ )‪ ،(١-٤‬ﺑـﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﮕـﺮﺍﻝﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟـﺔ ﺗﺎﺑـﻊ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ]‪) :[١٥‬ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ‪ f2‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ‪ v‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﻧﺘﮕﺮﺍﻝ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ(‬
‫‪V ( δ, v) = −0.5B 22 v 2 − B12 v cos( δ) + Q L ln( v) + PL δ‬‬
‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ‪:‬‬
‫‪∂V‬‬ ‫) ‪∂V f 2 (δ, v‬‬
‫‪= f1 (δ, v),‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪∂δ‬‬ ‫‪∂v‬‬ ‫‪v‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﮊﺍﻛﻮﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺷـﺪﻩﺍﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻜﻞ )‪ ،(٢‬ﺧﻄـﻮﻁ ﻛـﻢ ﺭﻧﮓ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺧﻄـﻮﻁ ﺩﺍﻳـﺮﻩﺍﻱ ﭘﺮ ﺭﻧﮓ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ‪ det(J)=0‬ﻭ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ‬
‫ﻛـﻢ ﺭﻧـﮓ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘـﺎﻁ ‪ PEBS=0‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺗﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳـﻬﺎﻱ ‪ ١‬ﻭ ‪ ٣‬ﻭ ﻣﺤــﻮﺭ ﻋﻤــﻮﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧــﺘﻼﻑ ﺯﺍﻭﻳــﻪ ﺑــﻴﻦ ﻭﻟــﺘﺎﮊ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳـﻬﺎﻱ ‪ ٢‬ﻭ ‪ ٣‬ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ )‪ (٣‬ﻭ )‪ (٤‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ ،(٣‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺱ )‪ (٢‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ ،(٤‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺱ )‪ (١‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪،(٤‬‬
‫ﻣﺴـﻴﺮ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﺧﻄﺎﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﺳﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻟـﻴﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻤﺖ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻴﺶ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ )‪ (٣‬ﻭ )‪ ،(٤‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ‬
‫ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻴﻬﺎﻱ ‪det(J)=0‬‬
‫ﻭ ‪ PEBS=0‬ﺑـﺮ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻤﺎﺱ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﻞ )‪،(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭ ‪ UEP2‬ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻘـﻴﻪ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ‪ ،‬ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫)‪(١٥‬‬ ‫ﻟـﺬﺍ ﺍﺗﺼـﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺱ ‪ ،٢‬ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ∂f1‬‬ ‫‪∂f1 ‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻜﻞ )‪ ،(٣‬ﺧﻄـﺮﻧﺎﻙ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺱ ‪ ،٢‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪∂v  =  B12 v cos( δ‬‬ ‫)‪B12 sin( δ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪J =  ∂δ‬‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺱ ‪ ،٢‬ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺭﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬
‫‪∂f‬‬ ‫‪∂f 2   B12 v sin( δ) − 2 B 22 v − B12 cos( δ) ‬‬
‫‪ 2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ∂δ‬‬ ‫‪∂v ‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸـﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٢‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧـﻨﺪ ﺑﺨـﺶ ﻗﺒﻠـﻲ‪ det(J)=0 ،‬ﻣﺮﺯ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺷـﻜﻞ )‪ ،(٤‬ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻛﺘـﺮﻳﻦ ﺧﻄﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺱ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ )ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻣﺮﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ( ﻭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭ ‪ UEP1‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴـﻴﻞ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻖﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺭﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑــﻪ ﺣﺎﻟــﺖ ﭘﺎﻳــﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴــﺮ ﻛــﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ ،[٩] MAT‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫)‪f ( δ, v‬‬
‫‪PEBS( δ, v ) = f1 (δ, v)(δ − δS ) + 2‬‬ ‫) ‪(v − vS‬‬ ‫)‪(١٦‬‬ ‫ﺭﺗـﺒﻪﺑـﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻴﺸـﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ‪ ATC‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫‪v‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ‪ ،PEBS ،det(J)=0 ،‬ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ؛ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ‪ ،ATC‬ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،٢٣‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢‬ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ ‪١٣٨٣‬‬ ‫‪١٨‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

‫‪Downloaded from jcme.iut.ac.ir at 1:48 IRST on Friday December 17th 2021‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -٢‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺯ ‪ det(J)=0 ،PEBS‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬

‫‪Pm2‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -٣‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻄﺎﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺳـﻄﻮﺡ ﻫـﻢ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٥‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘـﺎﻁ ﺗﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺮﺯ ‪ det(J)=0‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺩﻳـﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ؛ ‪ PEBS‬ﺭﺳﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺑﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻲ ‪ PEBS‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻫﻢ ﺭﺍﺱ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺧﻄـﺎ ﻣـﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸـﻜﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴـﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﺏ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗــﻊ ‪ PEBS‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﻧﻘــﺎﻁ ﻣﺎﻛــﺰﻳﻤﻢ ﺍﻧــﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴــﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫‪١٩‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،٢٣‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢‬ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ ‪١٣٨٣‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

‫‪Downloaded from jcme.iut.ac.ir at 1:48 IRST on Friday December 17th 2021‬‬

‫‪Pm1‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -٤‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -٥‬ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ‪ det(J)=0 ،PEBS ،‬ﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺎﺳﻪ‬

‫)‪(١٧‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﻪ ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫) ‪f (δ, v‬‬
‫‪EPEBS(δ, v ) = f1 ( δ, v)(δ − δS ) + 2‬‬ ‫‪( v − v S ).e − v‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘـﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﻬﺘـﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ‪ ،PEBS‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﺛـﺮ ﻭﻟـﺘﺎﮊ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟــﺔ ‪ PEBS‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ‬
‫‪v‬‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺨـﺶ ﺑﻌـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳـﺘﻢ ﻛﻠـﻲ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ‪ ATC‬ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺘـﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ‪ PEBS‬ﺑـﺎ ﻧـﺎﻡ ‪ EPEBS١٢‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪) :‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﻥ‪ ATC ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻭ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺭﺳﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ(‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺷﺸﻢ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،٢٣‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢‬ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ ‪١٣٨٣‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ‪ SEP‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺯ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ‪ ATC‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺧﻄﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺸـﺨﺺ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﺑـﻪ ﮔـﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻱ )‪V‬ﻳﺎ ‪ ( δ‬ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ )ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻛﻢ ﻭ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ( ﺑﺎ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑـﺎﺭ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫‪Downloaded from jcme.iut.ac.ir at 1:48 IRST on Friday December 17th 2021‬‬
‫ﺧﻄﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ‪ ATC‬ﭼﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳـﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ؛ ﺟﺰﻭ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ‬
‫ﻭﻟـﺘﺎﮊ ﻳـﻚ ﺑـﺎﺱ ﻛـﻢ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﺎﺱ ﺍﺗﺼـﺎﻝ ﻛـﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺠــﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪-‬ﺑـﺎ ﺷـﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺳﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻄﺎﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻗﻄـﻊ ﺧﻄـﺎ )‪ ،(tcl‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﮕﺮﺍﻝﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺧﻄﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﺎﻛﺰﻳﻤﻢ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ POMP‬ﻣﺸـﺨﺺ ﻣـﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ )‪ ،(EPEBS‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻤﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻳﺎ ‪ POMP‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻪ‪) .‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫‪ PEBS‬ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺯ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺯ ﻧﮕﺬﺷﺘﻪ‪(.‬‬
‫ﻫ‪ -‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ‪ PEBS‬ﺩﺭ ‪ POMP‬ﻭ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻣﺮﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ )ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ( ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻭﻝ )ﻋﻼﻣـﺖ ﻣﻨﻔـﻲ(‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ )ﺩ( ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺧﻄﺎ )ﻣﺜﻼﹰ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ‪ PEBS‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪ (POMP‬ﺑـﻪ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ‪ ATC ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﮔـﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﻤـﺎﻡ ﺣـﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑـﺎ ﺗـﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻌـﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺑﺎﺭ( ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜـﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺣـﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴـﻴﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺧﻄـﺎﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄـﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘـﺎﻁ ﺗﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﻭ … ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺣﻞ‬
‫‪١٤‬‬ ‫‪١٣‬‬
‫‪ ADE‬ﻭ ﻳــﺎ ‪ ODE‬ﺗﻔــﺎﻭﺕ ﻧــﺪﺍﺭﺩ ]‪ [٢٦‬ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨــﻴﻦ ﺣــﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻌـﺎﺩﻻﺕ ‪ ODE‬ﺳـﺮﻳﻌﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ‪ ADE‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟـﺬﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺣﻞ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪٢١‬‬
‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ‪ATC‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺑﺨـﺶ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﻛـﻮﭼﻚ )ﺑﺨـﺶ ‪ (٤‬ﻭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ‪ ATC‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﻧـﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺷﺸﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﺽ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺧﻄﺎ )‪ (tcl‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻃـﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺧﻄﺎ‪ ،‬ﺧﻄﺎ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻭ ﻭﺻﻞ‬
‫ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﻠـﻴﺪﻫﺎ )ﻛﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎﹰ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﺧﻄﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ‪ ،FCTTC‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺩﻳـﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﻃـﺮﻑ ﻣـﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ‪ATC‬‬
‫ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺿﻮﺡ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٦‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳـﺘﻢ ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺑﺨـﺶ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑـﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺗﻘـﺮﻳﺐ ﺩﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪ ‪ ATC‬ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺑـﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪ ATC‬ﭘﻮﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﮔﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺎﻡ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ‪ ATC‬ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺗﻘـﺮﻳﺐ ﺩﺗـﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺣـﺪ ﺍﻳﺴـﺘﺎ ﺗﻘـﺮﻳﺐ ﺯﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻻﹰ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪ ‪ ATC‬ﭘﻮﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺛﺎﻧـﻴﺎﹰ ﺭﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ‪ ATC‬ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺷـﺒﻴﻪ ﺭﺗـﺒﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ‪ ATC‬ﭘﻮﻳﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ‬
‫ﺭﺗـﺒﻪﺑـﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻴﺸـﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ‬
‫‪ ATC‬ﭘــﻮﻳﺎ ﻣــﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨــﺶ )‪ .(١-٤‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴــﻤﺖ ﺩﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳـﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳـﺮﻳﻊ ‪ ،POMP‬ﺣﺪ ‪ ATC‬ﭘﻮﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺸـﺨﺺ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑـﻪ ﺟـﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪ ،PEBS‬ﺍﺯ ‪EPEBS‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺶ )‪.(٢-٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ‪ ATC‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺩﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ det(J‬ﺑﺎ ‪ λ‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺣﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺶ)‪٢‬ـ‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺏ‪-‬ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﻪ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻧﻘـﺎﻁ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ )ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ( ﺩﺭ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟــﻴﺪﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺼــﺮﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﻃــﺒﻖ ﺍﻟﮕــﻮﻱ ‪ ATC‬ﻣــﺮﺑﻮﻁ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘــﺮﻳﺐ ﺯﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،٢٣‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢‬ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ ‪١٣٨٣‬‬
‫‪Downloaded from jcme.iut.ac.ir at 1:48 IRST on Friday December 17th 2021‬‬

‫‪ATC‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -٦‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪ -١‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ‪ ATC ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫‪ ATC‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫‪ ATC‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ‬ ‫‪ ATC‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺳﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫)‪(p.u.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪﻳﻢ‪MAT‬‬ ‫)ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ(‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫‪ATC‬‬ ‫‪ATC‬‬ ‫‪ATC‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬
‫)‪(p.u.‬‬ ‫)‪(p.u.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺪﻳﻢ‬ ‫)‪(p.u.‬‬

‫‪١٨‬‬ ‫‪٦/٠٤‬‬ ‫‪٥/١٠‬‬ ‫‪١/٠٠‬‬ ‫‪٤/٧٩‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪ ٣‬ﺑﺎﺱ‬

‫‪٥/٠‬‬ ‫‪١/٠٤‬‬ ‫‪١/٤٢‬‬ ‫‪١/٤٩‬‬ ‫‪١/٤‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪ ٧‬ﺑﺎﺱ‬
‫‪٥/٥‬‬ ‫‪١/٤٢‬‬ ‫‪١/٥٣‬‬ ‫‪١/٣١‬‬ ‫‪١/٤٤‬‬ ‫‪٦‬ﻭ‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٢‬ﻭ‪٣‬ﻭ‪٤‬‬
‫‪٣/١‬‬ ‫‪٠/٦٠‬‬ ‫‪٠/٨٢‬‬ ‫‪٢/٦٥‬‬ ‫‪٠/٧٧‬‬ ‫‪٨‬ﻭ‪٩‬‬ ‫‪٥‬ﻭ‪٦‬ﻭ‪٧‬‬ ‫‪ ١٠‬ﺑﺎﺱ‬
‫‪٤/٢‬‬ ‫‪٠/٨٣‬‬ ‫‪٠/٩٢‬‬ ‫‪٥/١٤‬‬ ‫‪٠/٩٠‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٣/٨‬‬ ‫‪٠/٦٣‬‬ ‫‪٠/٨٥‬‬ ‫‪٦/١١‬‬ ‫‪٠/٧٩‬‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٣/٧‬‬ ‫‪٠/٨٩‬‬ ‫‪٠/٩٥‬‬ ‫‪٦/١٩‬‬ ‫‪٠/٩٤‬‬ ‫‪١٨‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪ ٣٠‬ﺑﺎﺱ‬
‫‪٣/٦‬‬ ‫‪١/٢٥‬‬ ‫‪١/١٦‬‬ ‫‪٦/٦٨‬‬ ‫‪١/١٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٣/١‬‬ ‫‪٠/٨٠‬‬ ‫‪٠/٨٦‬‬ ‫‪٥/١٨‬‬ ‫‪٠/٨٥‬‬ ‫‪٢٤‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٢/٠٩‬‬ ‫‪٠/٥٠‬‬ ‫‪٠/٦٤‬‬ ‫‪٦/٢٥‬‬ ‫‪٠/٦٠‬‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٦/٥‬‬ ‫‪١/٦٤‬‬ ‫‪١/٨٣‬‬ ‫‪٨/٨٨‬‬ ‫‪١/٧٥‬‬ ‫‪١٤١‬‬ ‫‪٣٤‬ﻭ‪٣٥‬‬ ‫‪١٤٥‬‬
‫‪١٤٢‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺱ‬
‫‪١٤٣‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،٢٣‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢‬ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ ‪١٣٨٣‬‬ ‫‪٢٢‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ ﭘـﻨﺞ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻗﺪﻳﻢ)‪ (MAT‬ﻭ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺁﻥ ‪ ١١/٢‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓـﺘﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ ‪ ٣‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻗﺪﻳﻢ )‪ ،(MAT‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﺎﻣﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻓــﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺧﻄــﺎﻱ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﮔــﺮ ﻟﻴﺴــﺖ‬
‫‪Downloaded from jcme.iut.ac.ir at 1:48 IRST on Friday December 17th 2021‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ‪ ATC‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻭ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻤﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔـﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟـﻒ‪ -‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ -‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ ٧‬ﺑﺎﺳﻪ ]‪ ١٥ ،٢‬ﻭ ‪ ،[١٦‬ﺝ‪-‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ‪ ١٠‬ﺑﺎﺳﻪ ‪ ١٥ ،٢] CIGREE‬ﻭ ‪ ،[١٦‬ﺩ‪ -‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ ٣٠‬ﺑﺎﺳﻪ‬

‫ﺭﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ؛ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫‪ ٢] IEEE‬ﻭ ‪ ،[٢٧‬ﻩ‪ -‬ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ‪ ١٤٥‬ﺑـﺎﺱ ﻭ ‪ ٥٠‬ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺘـﻲ ﺁﻳﻮﺍ ‪ .[٢٨]١٥‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ‪ ATC‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (١‬ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫‪ ٥‬ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ ﻳـﻚ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳـﺘﻢ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ‪ ATC‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺎ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ‪ ATC‬ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ‪ ATC‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ )ﺟﺪﻳﺪ(‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ MAT‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻗﺪﻳﻢ‬
‫ﻳـﻚ ﺑـﺎﺱ )ﻧﺎﺣـﻴﻪ( ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺱ )ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ( ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫)ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺷـﻬﺎﻱ ﺳـﺮﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔـﺬﺭﺍ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻭ‬
‫ﮔﺬﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ( ]‪ [٩‬ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺗﻘـﺮﻳﺒﻬﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﻗـﻴﻖ )ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺨـﺶ ﺑـﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟـﻲ ﻭ ﺷـﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺩﻗـﺖ ﻛﺎﻓـﻲ‪ ATC ،‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺎﻫـﺎ( ﺩﺭ ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (١‬ﻧﺸـﺎﻥﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺗﺮﻱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ )ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ( ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻗﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ‪ATC‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﻫﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ‪ ATC‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧﺘـﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﺩﻳـﺪﻩ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺣﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ)ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ( ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ‬

‫‪1. available transfer capability‬‬ ‫‪6. first contingency total transfer‬‬
‫‪2. order‬‬ ‫‪capability‬‬
‫‪3. federal energy regulatory commission‬‬ ‫‪7. Chiang‬‬
‫‪4. open access same-time information system‬‬ ‫‪8. potential energy boundary‬‬
‫‪5. transient stability constrained‬‬ ‫‪surface‬‬
‫‪maximum allowable transfer‬‬ ‫‪9. point of maximum potential‬‬
‫‪energy‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
‫‪10. second kick‬‬
‫‪11. estimate of POMP‬‬
‫‪12. estimate of PEBS‬‬
‫‪13. algebraic differential equation‬‬
‫‪14. ordinary differential equation‬‬
‫‪15. Iowa State University‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬
‫‪1. The Changing Structure of the Electric Power Ind.: An‬‬ ‫‪3. Kundur, P.Sh., Power System Stability and Control,‬‬
‫‪Update.‬‬ ‫‪McGraw-Hill, 1996.‬‬
‫‪.٢‬ﻋﻴﺪﻳﺎﻧـﻲ‪ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،.‬ﻣﺪﻳـﺮ ﺷﺎﻧﻪﭼﻲ‪ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬ﺡ‪ ،.‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍ‪” ،.‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ‬ ‫‪4. Hamoud, G., “Assessment of Available Transfer‬‬
‫‪Capability of Transmission Systems,” Preprint Order‬‬
‫ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ‪ ATC‬ﺑـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ‪ “،‬ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪Number: PE-002PRS (09-99), Discussion Deadline:‬‬
‫‪February 2000.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ،٣٥‬ﺹ‪.١٣٨١ ،٦٨-٥٦ :‬‬ ‫‪5. Peschon, J. “Interchange Power Systems OPF for‬‬
‫‪System with Area Interchange Control,” IEEE Trans.‬‬

‫‪٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،٢٣‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢‬ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ ‪١٣٨٣‬‬

‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

 On Power and Apparatus Sys., Vol. T-PAS-72, pp. ،‫ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ‬،‫“ ﺩﻫﻤـﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔـﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳـﻲ ﺑـﺮﻕ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬،‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ‬
898-905, May/Jun. 1972.
6. Grijalva, S., and Sauer, P.W., “Reactive Power .١٣٨١ ،٩٤-٨٦ :‫ ﺹ‬،‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ‬
Considerations in Linear ATC Computation,”
17.Chiang, H.D., and Jean-Jumeau, R., “Toward a
Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Annual Hawaii Int.
Practical Performance Index for Predicting VC in
On System Sciences, 1999.
Electric Power Systems,” IEEE Trans. On Power
7. Ejebe, G.C., Waight, J.G., Santos-Nieto, M., and
Sys., Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 584-590, May 1995.
Tinny, W.F., “Fast Calculation of Linear ATC,” IEEE
Downloaded from jcme.iut.ac.ir at 1:48 IRST on Friday December 17th 2021

18.Athay, T., Podmore, R. and Virmani, S., “A Practical

Trans. on Power Sys., Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 1112-1116,
Method for Direct Analysis of TS,” IEEE Trans. On
Aug. 2000.
Power App. & Sys., Vol. PAS-98, No. 2, pp. 584-588,
8. Dai, Y., McCalley, J.D., and Vittal, V.,
Mar./Apr., 1979.
“Simplification, Expansion and Enhancement of
Direct Interior Point Algorithm for Power System ‫ ﻧﻘﻄــﻪ‬،POMP ” ،.‫ ﺡ‬.‫ ﻡ‬،‫ ﻣﺪﻳــﺮ ﺷــﺎﻧﻪﭼــﻲ‬،.‫ ﻡ‬،‫ ﻋﻴﺪﻳﺎﻧــﻲ‬.١٩
Maximum Loadability,” IEEE Trans. on Power Sys., Vol.
15, No. 3, pp.1014-1021, Aug. 2000.
‫ ﺭﻭﺷــﻲ ﺟﺪﻳــﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺸــﺨﻴﺺ‬،‫ﻣﺎﻛــﺰﻳﻤﻢ ﺍﻧــﺮﮊﻱ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴــﻴﻞ‬
9. Bettiol, A.L., Wehenkel, L., Pavella, and M., “TSA ‫“ ﺷﺸــﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔــﺮﺍﻧﺲ‬،‫ﭘﺎﻳــﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔــﺬﺭﺍ ﺑــﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺴــﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬
Constrained Maximum Allowable Transfer,” IEEE
Trans. On Power Sys., Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 654-659, .١٣٧٧ ،٢٦-٢٣ :‫ ﺹ‬،٥ ‫ ﺟﻠﺪ‬،‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
May 1999.
20. Fouad, A.A., and Vittal, V., Power Sys TSA Using
10. Schluter, R.A., and Costi, A., “Multiple Contingency
the TEF Method, Prentice-Hall, 1992.
Selection for Transmission Reliable and Transfer
21. FU, C., and Bose, A., “Contingency Ranking Based
Capability Studies,” Elec. Machines and Power Sys.,
on Severity Indices in DSA,” IEEE Trans. On Power
Vol. 20, N0. 3, pp. 223-237, May 1992.
Sys., Vol. 14, No. 3, Aug. 1999.
11. Sauer, P.W., Lesieutre, B.C., and Pai, M.A.,
22. Chiang, H.D., Wu, F. F., and Varaiya, P. P., “A BCU
“Maximum Loadability and Voltage Stability in
Method for Direct Anal. of Power Sys. TSA,” IEEE
Power Systems,” Int. Journal of Electrical Power &
Trans. On Power Sys., Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 1194-1208,
Energy Systems, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 145-154, 1993.
Aug. 1994.
12. Eidiani, M., Shanechi, M.H.M., and Vaahedi, E.,
“Fast and Accurate Method for Computing FCTTC,” ‫ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ‬،CTS ” ،.‫ﺡ‬.‫ ﻡ‬،‫ ﻣﺪﻳـﺮ ﺷـﺎﻧﻪﭼﻲ‬،.‫ ﻡ‬،‫ ﻋﻴﺪﻳﺎﻧـﻲ‬.٢٣
PowerCon 2002, IEEE-PES/CSEE, International
‫ ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬،‫ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔـﺬﺭﺍ‬
Conference on Power System Technology, Paper No.
0056, Vol. 2, pp. 1213-1219, Oct. 13-17, Kunming, ‫“ ﺩﻭﺍﺯﺩﻫﻤــﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔــﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑــﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠــﻲ ﺑــﺮﻕ‬،‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺴــﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬
China, 2002.
13. Eidiani, M., “ATC Evaluation by CTSA and POMP, .١٣٧٦ ،١٨-١٣ :‫ ﺹ‬،(PSC-97)
Two New Methods for Direct Analysis of Transient
24. Mansour, Y., Vaahedi, E., Chang, A.Y., Corns, B.R.,
Stability,” IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution
Garrett, B.W., Bemaree, K., Atahy, T., and Cheung,
Conference 2002, Paper No. 5104, Vol. 3, pp. 1524-1529,
K., “B.C. Hydro’s On-line TSA Model Development
Asia Pacific, Oct. 6-10, Yokohama, Japan.
Anal. and Post-processing,” IEEE Trans. On Power
14. Overby, T.J., Dobson, I., DeMarco, C.L., “Q-V
Sys., Vol. 10, No. 1, Feb. 1995.
Curve Interpretations of Energy Measure for Voltage
25. Chiang, H. D., and Throp, J. S., “The Closest
Security,” IEEE Trans. On Power Sys., Vol. 9, No. 4,
Unstable Equilibrium Point Method For Power
pp. 331-340, Feb. 1994.
System Dynamic Security Assessment,” Proceeding
‫ ”ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬،.‫ﺡ‬.‫ ﻡ‬،‫ ﻣﺪﻳـﺮ ﺷـﺎﻧﻪﭼـﻲ‬،.‫ ﻡ‬،‫ ﻋﻴﺪﻳﺎﻧـﻲ‬.١٥ of the 26th Conference on Decision and Control, Los
Angeles, pp. 72-76, Dec. 1987.
‫“ ﺳﻴﺰﺩﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ‬،‫ﺗﺸـﺨﻴﺺ ﻓﺮﻭﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ‬ 26. Praprost, K. L., and Loparto, A., “An Energy
.١٣٧٧ ،٧٧٧-٧٧٢ :‫ ﺹ‬،(PSC-98) Function Method For Determining Voltage Collapse
During a Power System Transient,” IEEE. Trans. On
‫ ”ﺗﻌﻴــﻴﻦ‬،.‫ ﺍ‬،‫ ﻭﺍﺣــﺪﻱ‬،.‫ﺡ‬.‫ ﻡ‬،‫ ﻣﺪﻳــﺮ ﺷــﺎﻧﻪﭼــﻲ‬،.‫ ﻡ‬،‫ ﻋﻴﺪﻳﺎﻧــﻲ‬.١٦ Circuit and System, Fundamental Theory and
Applications, Vol. 41, No. 10, pp. 635-651, Oct. 1994.
‫ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬FCTTC 27. Saadat, H., Power System Analysis, McGraw-Hill, 1999.
28. Available: http://www. eidiani.com

١٣٨٣ ‫ ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ‬،٢ ‫ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬،٢٣ ‫ ﺳﺎﻝ‬،‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ‬ ٢٤

PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com