BASIC COMPUTER SKILLS LABORATORY

MANUAL
FOR 1ST SEM CS

(2015-2016)
FOR ANY FEEDBACK CONTACT TO

EMAIL: vmvinayaka@outlook.com

RJS Polytechnic, KRJS Group of Institutions, Koramangala, Bengaluru

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RJS Polytechnic was established in the year 1985 - 86 by Karnataka Reddy Jana Sangha under
ED 60 MPI 84, dated: 06-10-1984. RJS Polytechnic started its journey with a humble beginning
with a Diploma in Commercial Practice. RJS Polytechnic has made great strides in the field of
technical education right from its inception in the year 1985-86. RJS Polytechnic is situated in
a serene surrounding and located in Koramangala, Bangalore-34. It is located in such a place
that it is able to serve the cause of Students of both urban and rural areas of Bangalore in
particular and the state of Karnataka and India in general.
RJS Polytechnic is run by Karnataka Reddy Jana Sangha(KRJS), a non-profit registered body,
under the self-financing scheme and it consists of a galaxy of personalities from all walks of
life. RJS Polytechnic is affiliated to the Directorate of Technical education, recognized by the
Government of Karnataka and approved by All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE),
New Delhi. The affairs of RJS Polytechnic is managed by a constituted Governing Council By
KRJS.
Mr. Vinayaka V.M., Lecturer Computer Science Department, RJS Polytechnic. Qualified with GATE, and
KSET.

Mrs. Umadevi M. Senior Lecturer Computer Science Department, RJS Polytechnic.

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Contents
Chapter-1. Identify & Understand Models of Computers. ................................................................... 6
Computer: Definition .......................................................................................................................... 6
Computer sizes and power ................................................................................................................. 6
Minicomputer ................................................................................................................................. 8
Workstation .................................................................................................................................... 8
Personal Computer Types ................................................................................................................... 9
Tower model................................................................................................................................. 10
Identify and understand front panel switches and back panel connections of a Computer system.
.......................................................................................................................................................... 15
Identify & Understand Physical Components of Computers. ........................................................... 17
INTERNAL PHYSICAL COMPONENTS ............................................................................................. 17
Chapter -2 Conduct computer system connection and understand the booting process. .................. 24
How To Turn The Computer On .................................................................................................... 25
The Mouse .................................................................................................................................... 25
Introduction to Software .................................................................................................................. 26
Operating System.............................................................................................................................. 29
Definition and types ......................................................................................................................... 29
BOOTING PROCESS ........................................................................................................................... 30
Chapter -3 Study and demonstrate basic DOS commands. ................................................................. 32
Chapter 4- Familiarization with GUI based windows operating system .............................................. 37
Scrolling With The Mouse ................................................................................................................. 37
The Mouse Pointer............................................................................................................................ 38
The Keyboard .................................................................................................................................... 38
The Desktop ...................................................................................................................................... 39
The Task Bar .................................................................................................................................. 39
The Start Menu ............................................................................................................................. 40
Minimizing, Maximizing and Closing Programs ............................................................................ 41
Moving Between Open Programs ......................................................................................................... 42
Creating A Document ............................................................................................................................ 43
Symbols and Punctuation ..................................................................................................................... 43
Editing Text ........................................................................................................................................... 44
Editing Tools .......................................................................................................................................... 44
Opening A Saved Document ................................................................................................................. 46
Viewing Files On A Storage Device........................................................................................................ 47
Renaming Files ...................................................................................................................................... 48

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Deleting Files ......................................................................................................................................... 48
Ejecting A USB ....................................................................................................................................... 48
Shutting Down ...................................................................................................................................... 49
Chapter -5 Creation of Folders, Creating/Opening of the file, Editing and saving the document, Copy,
Cut and Paste operations, built-in utilities of OS like – Text Editors, Paint, Calculator, etc. ............... 50
Chapter - 6 Practice browsing of different sites using Search Engine. ................................................. 52
CHAPTER 7-.Practice Creating E-Mail accounts, Sending, Receiving of E-Mails. .................................. 54
EXERCISE 8 ............................................................................................................................................ 56
PROCEDURE TO CREATE PERSONAL LETTER: ................................................................................... 56
PERSONAL LETTER ............................................................................................................................. 56
BUSINESS LETTER .............................................................................................................................. 57
EXERCISE 9 ............................................................................................................................................ 58
PROCEDURE TO CREATE COMPANY LETTERHEAD: ........................................................................... 58
EXERCISE 10 .......................................................................................................................................... 60
PROCEDURE TO CREATE SIMPLE NEWSLETTER: ............................................................................... 60
EXERCISE 11 .......................................................................................................................................... 61
CREATE A RESUME FOR A JOB APPLICATION PROCEDURES TO CREATE A RESUME: ....................... 61
EXERCISE12 ........................................................................................................................................... 63
PROCEDURES TO CREATE A COVER PAGE OF A PROJECT REPORT: .................................................. 63
EXERCISE 13 .......................................................................................................................................... 65
PREPARE THE CLASS TIME TABLE OF YOUR CLASS. .......................................................................... 65
EXERCISE 14 .......................................................................................................................................... 66
CREATE A WORKSHEET WITH FIVE COLUMNS. ENTER TEN RECORDS AND FIND THE SUM OF ALL
COLUMNS USING AUTO SUM FEATURE............................................................................................ 66
EXERCISE 15 .......................................................................................................................................... 67
YOU HAVE A MONTHLY INCOME OF RS.11000. YOUR MONTHLY ...................................... 67
EXPENDITURES ARE: RENT- RS .......................................................................................................... 67
3500, FOOD- RS. 1500, ELECTRICITY- RS.110, PHONE- RS. 160, AND CABLE TV-.............................. 67
RS. 300. ............................................................................................................................................. 67
PREPARE A WORKSHEET WITH THE MONTHLY INCOME, THE MONTHLY EXPENDITURES LISTED
AND ................................................................................................................................................... 67
SUMMED, MONTHLY SAVINGS AMOUNT (WHAT’S LEFT OVER EACH MONTH) CALCULATED, AND
THE .................................................................................................................................................... 67
AMOUNT SAVED PER DAY (ASSUMING 30 DAYS IN A MONTH). ...................................................... 67
EXERCISE 16 .......................................................................................................................................... 68
CREATE A WORKSHEET CONTAINING THE PAY DETAILS (CONTAINING BASIC PAY, DA, HRA, OTHER
.......................................................................................................................................................... 68

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 ALLOWANCE, DEDUCTIONS- PF, PT, INSURANCE, GROSS, AND NET SALARY) OF THE EMPLOYEES
USING FORMULAS............................................................................................................................. 68
EXERCISE 17 .......................................................................................................................................... 70
CREATE A SIMPLE BAR CHART TO HIGHLIGHT THE SALES OF A COMPANY FOR THREE DIFFERENT
PERIODS. ........................................................................................................................................... 70
EXERCISE 18 .......................................................................................................................................... 71
CREATE A PIE CHART FOR A SAMPLE DATA AND GIVE LEGENDS ..................................................... 71
EXERCISE 19 .......................................................................................................................................... 72
Using the presentation tool, Create a simple Presentation consisting of 4-5 slides about Input and
Output Devices: ................................................................................................................................ 72
EXERCISE 20 .......................................................................................................................................... 73
Create a presentation about a Book containing Title, Author, Publisher, and Contents. ................ 73
EXERCISE 21 .......................................................................................................................................... 74
Create an automated (with timings & animation) Presentation with five slides about different
Models of Computers. Use the Presentation tool. ........................................................................... 74
BASIC COMPUTER SKILLS VIVA QUESTIONS.......................................................................................... 75

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 UNIT I

Chapter-1. Identify & Understand Models of Computers.

Computer: Definition

A computer is a programmable electronic machine that can manipulate symbols and perform
calculations according to instructions.

The actual machinery which we can touch and feel is called hardware; the instructions and
data which we cannot touch are called software.
All general-purpose computers require the following hardware components:
• The central processing unit (CPU): The brain of the computer that actually executes
instructions organized in programs ("software") which decides what computer should
do.
• Memory (RAM): Enables a computer to store, data, programs, and intermediate
results temporarily.
• The storage device (Hard Disk): Used to permanently store large amounts of data and
programs. Common mass storage devices include disk drives and tape drives.
• Input devices (Key Board, Mouse): The input device is the component through which
data and instructions can be entered into a computer.
• Output device (Monitor): A device that lets you see what the computer has done.

Computer sizes and power

Personal Computers Workstations Minicomputers Mainframes Supercomputers

Least powerful Most powerful

Computers can be generally classified by size and power as follows, though there is
considerable overlap:
 Personal computer: A small, single-user computer based on a microprocessor.
 Workstation: A powerful, single-user computer. A workstation is like a personal computer,
but it has a more powerful microprocessor and, in general, a higher-quality monitor.
 Minicomputer: A multi-user computer capable of supporting up to hundreds of users
simultaneously.
 Mainframe: A powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting many hundreds or
thousands of users simultaneously.
 Supercomputer: An extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions of
instructions per second.
Supercomputer and Mainframe
Supercomputer broadly means the fastest computers currently available. Supercomputers
are very much expensive and run specialized applications that require a lot of mathematical
calculations. For example, scientific research and astrological simulations, graphics, weather
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forecasting, nuclear physics, and analysis of data obtained from satellites, etc. One of the
examples of supercomputers is Cray Research.

Fig: Super Computer

Mainframe originally referred to the cabinet containing the central processor unit or
"mainframe" of a room-filling Stone Age batch machine. After the emergence of smaller
"minicomputer" designs in the early 1970s, the traditional big iron machines were described
as "mainframe computers" and eventually just as mainframes. Nowadays a Mainframe is a
very large and expensive computer capable of supporting hundreds, or even thousands, of
users simultaneously. The chief difference between a supercomputer and a mainframe is that
a supercomputer channels all its power into executing a few programs as fast as possible,
whereas a mainframe uses its power to execute many programs concurrently. In some ways,
mainframes are more powerful than supercomputers because they support more
simultaneous programs. But supercomputers can execute a single program faster than a
mainframe. The distinction between small mainframes and minicomputers is vague,
depending really on how the manufacturer wants to market its machines.

Fig: Mainframe Computer

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Minicomputer

It is a midsize computer. In the past decade, the distinction between large minicomputers and
small mainframes has blurred, however, as has the distinction between small minicomputers
and workstations. But in general, a minicomputer is a multiprocessing system capable of
supporting from up to 200 users simultaneously.

Workstation

It is a type of computer used for engineering applications (CAD/CAM), desktop publishing,

software development, and other types of applications that require a moderate amount of
computing power and relatively high-quality graphics capabilities. Workstations generally
come with a large, high-resolution graphics screen, at large amount of RAM, built-in network
support, and a graphical user interface. Most workstations also have a mass storage device
such as a disk drive, but a special type of workstation, called a diskless workstation, comes
without a disk drive. The most common operating systems for workstations are UNIX and
Windows NT. Like personal computers, most workstations are single-user computers.
However, workstations are typically linked together to form a local area network, although
they can also be used as stand-alone systems.

N.B.: In networking, workstation refers to any computer connected to a local area network.
It could be a workstation or a personal computer.

Personal computer:

It can be defined as a small, relatively inexpensive computer designed for an individual user.
In price, personal computers range anywhere from a few hundred pounds to over five
thousand pounds. All are based on the microprocessor technology that enables
manufacturers to put an entire CPU on one chip. Businesses use personal computers for word
processing, accounting, desktop publishing, and for running spreadsheet and database
management applications. At home, the most popular use for personal computers is for
playing games and recently for surfing the Internet.

Personal computers first appeared in the late 1970s. One of the first and most popular
personal computers was the Apple II, introduced in 1977 by Apple Computer. During the late
1970s and early 1980s, new models and competing operating systems seemed to appear
daily. Then, in 1981, IBM entered the fray with its first personal computer, known as the IBM
PC. The IBM PC quickly became the personal computer of choice, and most other personal
computer manufacturers fell by the wayside. P.C. is short for a personal computer or IBM PC.
One of the few companies to survive IBM's onslaught was Apple Computer, which remains a
major player in the personal computer marketplace. Other companies adjusted to IBM's
dominance by building IBM clones, computers that were internally almost the same as the
IBM PC, but that cost less. Because IBM clones used the same microprocessors as IBM PCs,
they were capable of running the same software. Over the years, IBM has lost much of its

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influence in directing the evolution of PCs. Therefore after the release of the first PC by IBM
the term PC increasingly came to mean IBM or IBM-compatible personal computers, to the
exclusion of other types of personal computers, such as Macintoshes. In recent years, the
term PC has become more and more difficult to pin down. In general, though, it applies to
any personal computer based on an Intel microprocessor, or on an Intel-compatible
microprocessor. For nearly every other component, including the operating system, there are
several options, all of which fall under the rubric of PC
Today, the world of personal computers is basically divided between Apple Macintoshes and
PCs. The principal characteristics of personal computers are that they are single-user systems
and are based on microprocessors. However, although personal computers are designed as
single-user systems, it is common to link them together to form a network. In terms of power,
there is a great variety. At the high end, the distinction between personal computers and
workstations has faded. High-end models of the Macintosh and PC offer the same computing
power and graphics capability as low-end workstations by Sun Microsystems, Hewlett-
Packard, and DEC.

Personal Computer Types

Actual personal computers can be generally classified by size and chassis/case. The chassis or
case is the metal frame that serves as the structural support for electronic components. Every
computer system requires at least one chassis to house the circuit boards and wiring. The
chassis also contains slots for expansion boards. If you want to insert more boards than there
are slots, you will need an expansion chassis, which provides additional slots. There are two
basic flavors of chassis designs–desktop models and tower models–but there are many
variations on these two basic types. Then come the portable computers that are computers
small enough to carry. Portable computers include notebook and subnotebook computers,
hand-held computers, palmtops, and PDAs.
Models of Computers:

1. Desktop Model: A desktop computer is a personal computer in a form intended for regular
use at a single location desk/table due to its size and power requirements. The most
common configuration is a computer monitor, keyboard and mouse, and a case that houses
the main components of the PC, namely the power supply, motherboard, hard drive, optical
drive, and previously the floppy drive. The form factor of the case is typically an upright
tower or (horizontal) desktop.
A computer designed to fit comfortably on top of a desk, typically with the monitor
sitting on top of the computer. Desktop model computers are broad and low,
whereas tower model computers are narrow and tall. Because of their shape,
desktop model computers are generally limited to three internal mass storage
devices. Desktop models designed to be very small are sometimes referred to as
slimline models.

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Fig: Desktop PC Fig: Tower model Desktop PC

Fig: Table Top Model Desktop PC

Tower model
The term refers to a computer in which the power supply, motherboard, and mass
storage devices are stacked on top of each other in a cabinet. This is in contrast to
desktop models, in which these components are housed in a more compact box. The
main advantage of tower models is that there are fewer space constraints, which
makes installation of additional storage devices easier.
Tabletop Model
The generic term "personal computer" ("PC") was in use years before 1981, applied as early
as 1972 to the Xerox PARC's Alto, but because of the success of the IBM Personal Computer,
the term "PC" came to also mean more specifically a desktop microcomputer compatible
with IBM's Personal Computer branded products. Since the machine was based on open
architecture within a short time of its introduction, third-party suppliers of peripheral
devices, expansion cards, and software proliferated; the influence of the IBM PC on the
personal computer market was substantial in standardizing a platform for personal
computers.

2. Laptop: It is a portable computer, which can sit on the user’s lap. It has a pop-up screen and
batteries power in it. Laptops are useful to send information while traveling from one place
to another.

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 3. PDA: PDA stands for Short for Personal Digital Assistant, it is of the size of user’s palm. It is
used as a personal organizer and provides the user with the ability to store names and
address, play games, access the internet and acts as a calculator. A typical PDA can function
as a cellular phone, fax sender, and personal organizer. Unlike portable computers, most
PDAs are pen-based, using a stylus rather than a keyboard for input. PDAs are also called
palmtops, hand-held computers, and pocket computers.
Hand-held computer
A portable computer that is small enough to be held in one’s hand. Although extremely
convenient to carry, handheld computers have not replaced notebook computers because
of their small keyboards and screens. The most popular hand-held computers are those that
are specifically designed to provide PIM (personal information manager) functions, such as
a calendar and address book. Some manufacturers are trying to solve the small keyboard
problem by replacing the keyboard with an electronic pen. However, these pen-based
devices rely on handwriting recognition technologies, which are still in their infancy. Hand-
held computers are also called PDAs, palmtops and pocket computers.
A handheld device that combines computing, telephone/fax, and networking features. A
typical PDA can function as a cellular phone, fax sender, and personal organizer. Unlike
portable computers, most PDAs are pen-based, using a stylus rather than a keyboard for
input. This means that they also incorporate handwriting recognition features. Some PDAs
can also react to voice input by using voice recognition technologies. The field of PDA was
pioneered by Apple Computer, which introduced the Newton MessagePad in 1993. Shortly
thereafter, several other manufacturers offered similar products. To date, PDAs have had
only modest success in the marketplace, due to their high price tags and limited applications.
However, many experts believe that PDAs will eventually become common gadgets.
PDAs are also called palmtops, hand-held computers, and pocket computers.

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Fig: Palmtop Fig: PDA

Palmtop:
A small computer that literally fits in your palm. Compared to full-size computers, palmtops
are severely limited, but they are practical for certain functions such as phone books and
calendars. Palmtops that use a pen rather than a keyboard for input are often called hand-
held computers or PDAs. Because of their small size, most palmtop computers do not
include disk drives. However, many contain PCMCIA slots in which you can insert disk drives,
modems, memory, and other devices. Palmtops are also called PDAs, hand-held computers
and pocket computers.

Fig: Handheld computer

4. Notebook computer: Fig 1d shows Notebook Computer. An extremely lightweight
personal computer. Notebook computers typically weigh less than 6 pounds and are
small enough to fit easily in a briefcase. Aside from size, the principal difference
between a notebook computer and a personal computer is the display screen.
Notebook computers use a variety of techniques, known as flat-panel technologies,
to produce a lightweight and non-bulky display screen. The quality of notebook
display screens varies considerably. In terms of computing power, modern
notebook computers are nearly equivalent to personal computers. They have the

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 same CPUs, memory capacity, and disk drives. However, all this power in a small
package is expensive. Notebook computers cost about twice as much as equivalent
regular-sized computers. Notebook computers come with battery packs that enable
you to run them without plugging them in. However, the batteries need to be
recharged every few hours.

4. TABLET COMPUTER: A tablet computer, commonly shortened to the tablet, is a

mobile device, typically with a mobile operating system and LCD touchscreen
display processing circuitry, and a rechargeable battery in a single thin, flat package.
Tablets, being computers, do what other personal computers do, but lack some I/O
capabilities that others have. Modern tablets largely resemble modern
smartphones, the only differences being that tablets are relatively larger than
smartphones, with screens 7 inches (18 cm) or larger, measured diagonally, and may
not support access to a cellular network.
The touchscreen display is operated by gestures executed by finger or stylus instead of the
mouse, trackpad, and keyboard of larger computers. Portable computers can be classified
according to the presence and appearance of physical keyboards. Two species of the tablet,
the "slate" and "booklet", do not have physical keyboards and usually accept text and other
input by use of a virtual keyboard shown on their touchscreen displays. Distinct from tablets,
2-in-1 PCs all have physical keyboards, but they are either concealable by folding them back
and under the touchscreen ("2-in-1 convertible") or detachable ("2-in-1 detachable"), but 2-
in-1s typically also can display a virtual keyboard on their touchscreens when their physical
keyboards are concealed or detached. Some 2-in-1s have processors and operating systems
like those of laptops while having the flexibility of operation as a tablet (See "2-in-1" below
for more information). To compensate for their lack of a physical keyboard, most tablets can
connect to independent physical keyboards by wireless Bluetooth or USB.

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 Fig: Tablet PC Fig: Smart Phone

5. SMARTPHONES
A smartphone is a handheld personal computer. It possesses extensive computing
capabilities, including high-speed access to the Internet using both Wi-Fi and mobile
broadband. Most, if not all, smartphones are also built with support for Bluetooth and
satellite navigation. Modern smartphones have a touchscreen color display with a graphical
user interface that covers the front surface and enables the user to use a virtual keyboard
to type and press onscreen icons. Interaction is mostly done using touch, besides a few
physical buttons. Smartphones are typically pocket-sized, with somewhat larger sizes being
called phablets; they are generally smaller than tablet computers. Smartphones function
using a rechargeable lithium-ion or lithium-polymer battery.

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Identify and understand front panel switches and back panel connections of a
Computer system.

Front Panel Switches: The computer front panel is manufactured keeping mind that it is
kept facing in front of users face giving a good look it is made up of an good looking plastic
fiber and is molded and designed nicely. It has CD/DVD/Read/ Write, Floppy disk drive,
ON/OFF button and RESET button on its Front side. The figure shows the front panel of
Switches.

Back Panel Connectors: Behind the computer back panel connectors are used to connect
the computer to its peripherals like Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse Printer (parallel port)

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 serial port USB port, Sound (speaker, mic, lineOut/ line In ) and a game port, Ethernet(LAN
card) etc.
Figure back panel of computer & connectors.

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Identify & Understand Physical Components of Computers.
Physical Components of Computers:

The physical components of the computer are its Hardware parts. The hardware of the
computer is divided into 2 types of components

INTERNAL PHYSICAL COMPONENTS

INTERNAL PHYSICAL COMPONENTS: Fixed and connected in the side of the computer.
They are as follows :

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 1. Motherboard: Main (PCB) Printed Circuit Board consists of CPU, RAM, POWER
CONNECTOR, CMOS BATTERY (CMOS is short for Complementary Metal-Oxide
Semiconductor. CMOS is an onboard, battery-powered semiconductor chip inside
computers that store information. This information ranges from the system time and
date to system hardware settings for your computer.), SLOTS, HDD, AND Many
Electronics components

Motherboard and the largest circuit board, in a computer control memory additional
process, to be carried out.

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2. CPU Processor: Stands for Central Processing Unit. It is the brain of the
computer. It contains a processing unit and a control unit

3. RAM: A memory module, commonly called RAM, memory, or a RAM chip, is a

dynamic random access memory integrated circuit module mounted on a printed
circuit board and designed for use in personal computers, workstations, and servers.

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4. Hard Disk: A Hard disk is made up of a magnetic storage device. It is used for storing
and retrieving digital information.

5. Power Supply: SMPS (Switched Mode Power Supply ) is used to supply DC step down
that is +5, -5, +12 -12 Voltages to the computer system.

6. Wire connectors, sockets, signal bus connectors are used to connect all components
inside the computer.

7. Computer fan: is any fan inside, or attached to, a computer case used for active
cooling, and may refer to fans that draw cooler air into the case from the outside,
expel warm air from inside, or move air across a heat sink to cool a particular
component.

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8. The heat sink is a passive heat exchanger that transfers the heat generated by an
electronic or a mechanical device into a coolant fluid in motion.

9. Processor Chip: A processor chip also called an integrated circuit which

performs the function of CPU which is in a small part of the silica chip.

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 MEMORY: Computer’s memory can be classified into two types; primary memory and
secondary memory

a. Primary Memory can be further classified as RAM and ROM.

RAM or Random Access Memory is the unit in a computer system. It is the place in
a computer where the operating system, application programs and the data in
current use are kept temporarily so that they can be accessed by the computer’s
processor. It is said to be ‘volatile’ since its contents are accessible only as long as
the computer is on. The contents of RAM are no more available once the computer
is turned off.

ROM or Read Only Memory is a special type of memory which can only be read and
contents of which are not lost even when the computer is switched off.

b. Secondary Memory: RAM is a volatile memory having a limited storage capacity.

FLOPPY DISK: They are used for the storage of data in a disk.

HARD DISK: Hard disks are made up of rigid material and are usually a stack of metal
disks sealed in a box. The hard disk and the hard disk drive exist together as a unit
and is a permanent part of the computer where data and programs are saved.

USB: (universal serial bus) – it combines all the advantages of computer we can connect
it a mouse, keyboard, digital camera, and printer.

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CD/DVD :
Most computers will come with at least one CD or DVD drive. This might be a CD-ROM,
DVD-ROM, CD-RW or DVD-RW on most computers the CD/DVD drive is called “D” drive.

When you insert a CD, DVD or USB Drive into your computer, a window will usually appear
with a list of options.

EXTERNAL PHYSICAL COMPONENTS: Connected externally to each other.

1. CPU (SYSTEM BOX): It is a Metallic box which contains all INTERNAL COMPONENTS of
the computer system.
2. Keyboard
3. Mouse
4. Speaker
5. Monitor
6. Printer

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Chapter -2 Conduct computer system connection and understand the
booting process.
Connect all input and output devices to Computer System (CPU) and switch on the
Power Button , now computer starts after configuration screen , Operating system starts
loading on the memory, Loading of operating system files and by this we get icons on
the desktop screen known as user screen and the above process is known as booting
process.

Locate the monitor cable. Connect one end of the cable to the monitor port on the
back of the computer case and the other end to the monitor. Hand tighten the plastic-covered
screws on the monitor cable to secure it

Next, connect a keyboard and determine whether it uses a USB (rectangular)

connector or a PS/2 (round) connector. If it uses a USB connector, plug it into any of the
USB ports on the back of the computer. If it uses a PS/2 connector, plug it into the purple
keyboard port on the back of the computer.

Next, connect a mouse and determine whether it uses a USB (rectangular)

connector or a PS/2 (round) connector. If it uses a USB connector, plug it into any of the USB
ports on the back of the computer. If it uses a PS/2 connector, plug it into the green mouse
port on the back of the computer.

computer's audio port (either on the front or the back of the computer case). Many
computers have color-coded ports. Speakers or headphones connect to the green
port, and a microphone connects to the pink port. The blue port is the line in, which
can be used with other types of devices. Some speakers, headphones, and
microphones have USB connectors instead of the usual audio plug. These can be

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connected to any USB port. In addition, many computers have speakers or micro

Locate the two power supply cables that came with your computer. Plug the
first power supply cable into the back of the computer case, and then into a surge
protector. Then, using the other cable, connect the monitor to the surge protector.
Finally, plug the surge protector into a wall outlet. You may also need to turn on the
surge protector if it has a power switch.

How To Turn The Computer On

To turn on your computer, you press the power button on the computer tower. This will
turn on the entire computer, including the monitor, mouse, and keyboard. The monitor
can be turned off separately using its own power button.
The power button may be located in a different location on different computers, but
usually can be distinguished with the symbol to the left.

The Mouse
The mouse lets you point and click at icons and buttons on your screen.
It has two buttons on the top and a scroll wheel between the buttons.
Using the Mouse
1. Put your whole hand on the mouse. Your hand should be comfortable and relaxed
when using the mouse.
2. Rest the palm of your hand on the top curved area of the mouse and rest your
extended fingers over the buttons.
3. Your thumb should rest against the left side of the mouse, whilst your small finger
rests on the right side.
4. Move the mouse on the table.
Clicking, Double-Clicking, and Right Clicking
Clicking is pressing the left mouse button once
Double-clicking is pressing the left mouse button twice
quickly Right clicking is pressing the right mouse button
once You will usually click once for most functions.
You may need to double click if you want to:
• open a program from an icon on the desktop
• highlight an entire word when editing text
• open a file from the list in “My Computer”
phones built into the monitor.

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Introduction to Software
Starting-up the computer
When you start-up your computer from a powered-down state (cold boot) or when
you reset it because a program encounters an error from which it cannot recover
(warm boot, e.g.: [Control]+[Alt]+[Delete]) your computer is going to carry out a
series of initializations, tests and loading called boot. The boot is short for bootstrap,
which in olden days was a strap attached to the top of your boot that you could pull
to help get your boot on. Hence, the expression “pull oneself up by the bootstraps.”
Similarly, bootstrap utilities help the computer get started.

The BIOS (Basic Input Output System) is responsible for booting the computer by
providing a basic set of instructions and gives the computer a little built-in starter kit
to run the rest of software from floppy disks (FDD) and hard disks (HDD). The BIOS
performs all the tasks that need to be done at start-up time: POST. The POST is a
short for the power-on-self-test, a series of diagnostic tests that run automatically
when you turn your computer on. The actual tests can differ depending on how the
BIOS is configured, but usually, the POST tests the RAM, the keyboard, and the disk
drives. If the tests are successful, the computer boots itself. If the tests are
unsuccessful, the computer reports the error by emitting a series of beeps and
possibly displaying an error message and code on the display screen. The number of
beeps indicates the error but differs from one BIOS to another. If the test is positive
the BIOS proceeds to boot an operating system from FDD or HDD).

Furthermore, the BIOS provides an interface to the underlying hardware for the
operating system in the form of a library of interrupt handlers, that all the code
required to control the keyboard, display screen, disk drives, serial communications,
and a number of miscellaneous functions. For instance, each time a key is pressed,
the CPU (Central Processing Unit) perform an interrupt to read that key. This is
similar for other input/output devices (Serial and parallel ports, video cards, sound
cards, hard disk controllers, etc...). Some older PC's cannot co-operate with all the
modern hardware because their BIOS does not support that hardware. The
operating system cannot call a BIOS routine to use it; this problem can be solved by
replacing your BIOS with a newer one, that does support your new hardware, or by
installing a device driver for the hardware.

The BIOS is typically placed in a ROM (Read Only Memory) chip that comes with the
computer (it is often called a ROM BIOS). This ensures that the BIOS will always be
available and will not be damaged by disk failures for example. Because RAM is faster
than ROM many computer manufacturers design systems so that the BIOS is copied
from ROM to RAM each time the computer is booted. This is known as shadowing.
Many modern PCs have a flash BIOS, which means that the BIOS has been recorded
on a flash memory chip, which can be updated if necessary.
To perform its tasks, the BIOS needs to know various parameters (hardware
configuration). These are permanently saved in a little piece (64 bytes) of CMOS RAM
(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Random Access Memory). The CMOS
power is supplied by a little battery, so its contents will not be lost after the PC is
26
turned off. Therefore, there is a battery and a small RAM memory on board, which
never (should...) loses its information. The memory was in earlier times a part of the
clock chip, now it's part of such a highly Integrated Circuit (IC). CMOS is the name of
a technology that needs very low power so the computer's battery is not too much
in use. Actually, there is not a battery on new boards, but an accumulator (Ni_Cad
in most cases). It is recharged every time the computer is turned on. If your CMOS is
powered by external batteries, be sure that they are in good operating condition.
Also, be sure that they do not leak. That may damage the motherboard. Otherwise,
your CMOS may suddenly "forget" its configuration and you may be looking for a
problem elsewhere. Some new motherboards have a technology named the Dallas
Nov-Ram. It eliminates having an onboard battery: There is a 10-year lithium cell
epoxyed into the chip.

To change the parameters with which the BIOS configures your chipset (integrated
circuits containing the core functionality of the motherboard and extension board)
you will use a set of procedures named the SETUP. The original IBM PC was
configured by means of DIP switches (Dual-In-line Package) buried on the
motherboard. Setting PC and XT DIP switches properly was something of an arcane
art. DIP (Dual-In-line Package) switches/jumpers are still used for memory
configuration and clock speed selection. When the PC-AT was introduced, it included
the battery powered CMOS memory. CMOS was originally set by a program on the
Diagnostic Disk, however, later clones incorporated routines in the BIOS which
allowed the CMOS to be (re)configured if certain magic keystrokes were used (e.g.
[DEL]). Unfortunately as the chipsets controlling modern CPUs have become more
complex, the variety of parameters specifiable in SETUP has grown. Moreover, there
has been little standardization of terminology between the half-dozen BIOS vendors,
three dozen chipset makers and a large number of motherboard vendors.
Complaints about poor motherboard documentation of SETUP parameters are very
common. To exacerbate matters, some parameters are defined by BIOS vendors,
others by chipset designers, others by motherboard designers, and others by various
combinations of the above. Parameters intended for use in Design and
Development, are intermixed with parameters intended to be adjusted by
technicians

PC BIOS that can handle Plug-and-Play (PnP) devices are known as PnP BIOS or PnP-
aware BIOS. Plug-and-play refers to the ability of a computer system to
automatically configure expansion boards and other devices. You should be able to
plug in a device and play with it, without worrying about setting DIP switches,
jumpers, and other configuration elements. The PnP BIOS are always implemented
with flash memory rather than ROM. ESCD is short for Extended System
Configuration Data, a format for storing information about Plug-and-Play (PnP)
devices in the BIOS. Windows and the BIOS access the ESCD area each time you
reboot your computer. SCAM is a short for SCSI Configuration Automatically, a
subset of the PnP specification that provides plug-and-play support for SCSI devices.
To conclude this part we can notice that the BIOS is always the first software to be
executed by a computer.

27
Software types
The software is computer instructions or data. Anything that can be stored
electronically is software. The distinction between software and hardware is
sometimes confusing because they are so integrally linked. Clearly, when you
purchase a program, you are buying software. But to buy the software, you need to
buy the disk (hardware) on which the software is recorded. Without software, a
computer is just a black box of electronic equipment that is incapable of any useful
function. Software tells the computer what to do and when to do it.

First, there is a fundamental difference between programs and data:

o Distinct pieces of information, usually formatted in a special way and
available for, or result of, processing.
o Programs are collections of instructions for processing data

The software is often divided into two categories: o System software: Consists of
low-level programs that interact with the computer at a very basic level.
It is any software required to support the
development or execution control of application programs but which
is not specific to any particular application. This includes operating
systems, compilers, loaders, linkers, debuggers and utilities for managing
computer resources. o Application software: Sits on top of systems
software because it is unable to run without the operating system and
system utilities. It includes programs that do real work for users. For
example, word processors, spreadsheets, and database management
systems fall under the category of general-purpose applications
software. Whereas contract evaluation, stock control, payroll fall under
the category of specific-purpose applications software

The term 'Software' has some derivatives:

Firmware: Software (programs or data) that has been written onto read-only
memory (ROM). Firmware is a combination of software and hardware. ROMs,
PROMs, and EPROMs that have data or programs recorded on them are firmware.
So we can sum up what has been said since the beginning of this document with the
following figure:

Public-domain software: Refers to any program that is not copyrighted. Public-domain

software is free and can be used without restrictions.

Freeware: Copyrighted software is given away for free by the author. Although it is
available for free, the author retains the copyright, which means that you cannot do
anything with it that is not expressly allowed by the author. Usually, the author
allows people to use the software, but not sell it.

28
 Shareware: Software distributed on the basis of an honor system. Most shareware
is delivered free of charge, but the author usually requests that you pay a small fee
if you like the program and use it regularly. By sending the small fee, you become
registered with the producer so that you can receive service assistance and updates.
The free use of the software is also usually limited to a period, in general, '30 days
trial period'. You can copy shareware and pass it along to friends and colleagues, but
they too are expected to pay a fee if they use the product. Shareware is inexpensive
because it is usually produced by a single programmer and is offered directly to
customers. Thus, there are practically no packaging or advertising expenses. Note
that shareware differs from public-domain software in that shareware is
copyrighted. This means that you cannot sell a shareware product as your own.

You may also encounter the term Demoware that usually refers to a cut-down
shareware version of a commercial product enabling the user to get the taste of the
application without the access to all functionality.

The major part of the software is commercial, and this implies five other types of the
license agreement: o Single License: A single copy is bought and is supplied with the
installation disks and the manuals. The software can only be installed on a single
machine. Each extra machine is added by purchasing another complete package. o
Site License: A single copy of the software is bought with the permission to install
the software on an agreed number of computers and only a few copies of the
manuals are provided. This is a cheaper method than purchasing a single copy for
each machine. An increase in the number of licensed users is achieved by paying for
an extension to the existing licensed amount. o License by Use: This allows the
software to be installed on a large number of computers, but the license only allows
a fixed number of users to be operating the software at any one time. Increasing the
users on this system is identical to the site license arrangements
o License by Station: This allows a fixed number of machines to have the
software installed. If it is a single-user license, the software must reside
on a single machine. o Network Multi-License: If an organization has a
local area network, an individual software package for all the computers
will reside as a single copy on a server. Many single-user packages will
refuse to work over a network and special network versions have to be
bought. Only a fixed number of users will be able to access the package
on the server at any one time.

Operating System
Definition and types
The operating system (OS) can be considered as the most important program that runs on
a computer. Every general-purpose computer must have an operating system to provide a

29
 software platform on top of which other programs (the application software) can run. It is
also the main control program of a computer that schedules tasks, manages storage, and
handles communication with peripherals. The central module of an operating system is the
'kernel'. It is the part of the operating system that loads first, and it remains in main memory.
Because it stays in memory, it is important for the kernel to be as small as possible while still
providing all the essential services required by other parts of the operating system and
applications. Typically, the kernel is responsible for memory management, process and task
management, and disk management.

In general, an application software must be written to run on top of a particular operating

system. Your choice of operating system, therefore, determines to a great extent the
applications you can run. For PCs, the most popular operating systems are Windows 95/98,
MS-DOS (Microsoft-Disk
Operating System), OS/2, but others are available, such as Linux, BeOS…

BOOTING PROCESS
In order for a computer to successfully boot, its BIOS(Basic Input Output System),
operating system and hardware components must all be working properly; failure of any
one of these three elements will likely result in a failed boot sequence.

When the computer's power is first turned on, the CPU initializes itself, which is
triggered by a series of clock ticks generated by the system clock. Part of the CPU's
initialization is to look to the system's ROM BIOS for its first instruction in the startup
program. The ROM BIOS stores the first instruction, which is the instruction to run the
power-on-self-test (POST), in a predetermined memory address. The POST begins by
checking the BIOS chip and then tests CMOS RAM. If the POST does not detect a battery
failure, it then continues to initialize the CPU, checking the inventoried hardware devices
(such as the video card), secondary storage devices, such as hard drives and floppy drives,
ports and other hardware devices, such as the keyboard and mouse, to ensure they are
functioning properly. Once the POST has determined that all components are functioning
properly and the CPU has successfully initialized, the BIOS looks for an OS to load.

The BIOS typically looks to the CMOS chip to tell it where to find the OS, and in
most PCs, the OS loads from the C drive on the hard drive even though the BIOS has the
capability to load the OS from a floppy disk, CD or ZIP drive. The order of drives that the
CMOS looks to in order to locate the OS is called the boot sequence, which can be changed
by altering the CMOS setup. Looking to the appropriate boot drive, the BIOS will first
encounter the boot record, which tells it where to find the beginning of the OS and the
subsequent program file that will initialize the OS.

30
 Once the OS initializes, the BIOS copies its files into memory and the OS basically
takes over control of the boot process. Now in control, the OS performs another inventory
of the system's memory and memory availability (which the BIOS already checked) and
loads the device drivers that it needs to control the peripheral devices, such as a printer,
scanner, optical drive, mouse and keyboard. This is the final stage in the boot process, after
which the user can access the system’s applications to perform tasks.

31
Chapter -3 Study and demonstrate basic DOS commands.
DOS - (Disk Operating System): Dos is a disk operating system with a set of programs that
act as a translator between the user and the computer in order to perform the task of the
user. Ms-Dos is a popular operating system on Micro-Computers.

Dos commands are of two types:

Internal Commands:

An internal command is an MS-DOS command that is stored in the system memory

and loaded from the command.com file.

cls: This command is used to clear the screen.

Eg: C:\Users>cls

The above command will clear the contents on the command prompt.

ver: This prints the name & version of operating system or command shell.

Eg: C:\Users>ver

Output: Microsoft Windows [Version 6.1.7601] vol: This command

shows the label of the current drive & and its serial number.

Eg: C:\Users>vol

Output: Volume in drive C has no label.

Volume Serial Number is C004-4A8F. date: This command display the

current date, also called as the system date and provide an option to change the

date.

Eg: C:\Users>date

Output: The current date is: Sat 08/29/2015

Enter the new date: (mm-dd-yy) 08/29/2015 time: This command

displays the current time and also the message to enter the new time.

Eg: C:\Users>time

Output: The current time is: 18:26:50.53

Enter the new time:

dir: This command display the list of files and directory in the mentioned directory or
drive.

A directory is a separate area on the disk to store some files.

32
Wild Characters: There are 2 wild characters that can be used with the directory name

?: denoted any one single characters.

*: denotes any no of characters.

Eg:

C:\Users>dir

Volume in drive C has no label.

Volume Serial Number is C004-4A8F

Directory of C:\

08/29/2015 06:26 PM <DIR> .

08/29/2015 06:26 PM <DIR> ..

07/04/2015 11:02 PM <DIR> AppData

08/20/2015 02:23 PM <DIR> Contacts

08/29/2015 06:27 PM <DIR> Desktop

08/20/2015 02:23 PM <DIR> Documents

08/28/2015 12:14 PM <DIR> Downloads

08/20/2015 02:23 PM <DIR> Favorites

08/20/2015 02:23 PM <DIR> Links

08/20/2015 02:23 PM <DIR> Music

08/20/2015 02:23 PM <DIR> Pictures

08/20/2015 02:23 PM <DIR> Saved Games

08/20/2015 02:23 PM <DIR> Searches

08/20/2015 02:23 PM <DIR> Videos

1 File(s) 0 bytes

14 Dir(s) 130,923,761,664 bytes free

• C:\Users>dir a:*.exe

Lists all files on the A drive with an extension of ‘exe’.

• C:\Users>dir b:KERMIT.*

Lists all files on the B drive with an extension of ‘KERMIT’.

33
 • C:\Users>dir a:labe?.com

Lists all five letters files with the first four-letter ‘LABE’ and an extension of ‘com’.

• C:\Users>dir b:format.c??
Lists all files with a filename of ‘format’ & an extension beginning with ‘c’.

Wild-card Characters can be used in combination.

Eg:

• C:\Users>dir a:label?.*

Lists all five letters files with the first four-letter ‘LABE’ and any extension.

• C:\Users>dir c:*.ex?

Lists all files with an extension beginning with ‘ex’.

dir/ w: This command is used to display the content of disk i.e files width wise i.e:- five
filenames per line.

Eg: C:\Users>dir

Volume in drive C has no label.

Volume Serial Number is C004-4A8F

Directory of C:\Users

[.] [..] [AppData] [Contacts] date

[Desktop] [Documents] [Downloads] [Favorites] [Links]

[Music] [Pictures] [Saved Games] [Searches] [Videos]

1 File(s) 0 bytes

Cd: Change directory command. Once you have located the directory you want, you
may move from directory to directory using ‘cd’ command.

For Eg:

• C:\Users> cd Rajendra

34
 Moves you to a directory called ‘Rajendra’.

• C:\Users> cd\furniture\chairs

Moves you to a directory called ‘chairs’ under a directory called furniture.

• C:\Users> cd ..
Moves you up one level in the path.

• C:\Users> cd \
Takes you back to root directory (c: in this case).

Type: This command is used to see the content of a specific file on the screen.

For Eg:

• C:\Users> type hello.txt

The above command displays contents of text file “hello.txt”.

Rename or Ren: This command is used to change the filename.

For Eg:

• C:\Users> ren hello.txt hi.txt

The above command renames text file “hello.txt” to “hi.txt”.

Del: This command is used to erase the file from the disk.

For Eg:

• C:\Users> del hello.txt

The above command deletes text file “hello.txt”.

Copy: This command is used to duplicate the content of one file into another file.

For Eg: C:\Users> copy hello.txt hi.txt

The above command copies contents of text file “hello.txt” to “hi.txt”.

Md: This Command is used to make/create the directory.

Syntax: Md<directory name>

For Eg: C:\Users> md bcslab

The above command creates a directory by name ‘bcslab’.

Rd: This Command is used to delete/remove the directory.

35
Syntax: Rd<directory name>

For Eg: C:\Users> Rd bcslab

The above command removes a directory by name ‘bcslab’.

External Commands :
External commands are ones which require certain special Dos files for their execution.
Each of the commands is their own separate file.

Tree: This command display path and optionally list the content of each directory and
subdirectory on the specified drive.

For Eg: C:\Users>tree

Find: Locates all the lines which contain a specific string of text in a file or files.

Chkdsk: This command is used to display the report regarding the status of the disk.

For Example:
C:\Users>chkdsk

Attrib: Each and every file has some attributes stored for it.

Format: To make a floppy or hard disk capable of storage.

Delete: It is used to delete all files or directories from the drive or directory from drive or
directory.

36
Chapter 4- Familiarization with GUI based windows operating
system
Windows Explorer: Windows Explorer is a place where you can view the drives on your
computer and manipulate the folders and files. Using Windows Explorer, you can cut, copy,
paste, rename, and delete folders and files.

Wallpaper: Wallpaper is the background that displays on your desktop.

font: A font is a set of characters represented in a single typeface. Each character within a
font is created by using the same basic style.

Folders: Folders are used to organize the data stored on your drives. It consists of a set of
files.

Screensaver: Computer monitors display images by firing electron beams at a phosphor-

coated screen. If the same image stays on the screen for too long, there is a danger that
the image will leave a permanent imprint on the screen. A screensaver (or screensaver) is
a computer program that blanks the screen or fills it with moving images or patterns when
the computer is not in use. Initially designed to prevent phosphor burn-in on CRT and
plasma computer monitors (hence the name), screensavers are now used primarily for
entertainment, security or to display system status information.

Scrollbars: In many programs, if the contents of the work area do not fit in the window,
scrollbars will appear. A vertical scrollbar will appear at the right side of the window and a
horizontal scrollbar at the bottom of the window, depending on the fit. The vertical
scrollbar provides a way to move up and down. The horizontal scrollbar provides a way to
move from left to right.

icon: An icon is a graphic image. An icon is a pictogram displayed on a computer screen in order to
help the user navigate a computer system.

Dialog box: The graphical control element dialog box (also called dialogue box or just dialog)
is a small window that communicates information to the user and prompts them for a
response.

Tabs: Some programs provide dialog boxes with several pages of options. You move to a
page by clicking on the tab or by using Ctrl-Tab (hold down the Ctrl key while pressing the
Tab key to flip through the pages).

Scrolling With The Mouse

You can move up and down within a document using the scroll wheel on your mouse.
Place your index finger over the scroll wheel and slide your finger forward to scroll
upwards, or slide your finger downwards to scroll down.

37
The Mouse Pointer
The mouse pointer will change into different shapes on the screen when you move the
mouse on the table.
Arrow - You will see an arrow when you move the mouse over the
• desktop
• tools
• menu bar

This means you can click.

Hourglass-The computer is thinking or still carrying out a task that we have asked it to
do. This means to wait for the computer.
Text Cursor - We can click in this place to type or edit text. When you move it over normal
text, you can also highlight words.
Hand - We can click to follow a link (mainly on the internet).

The Keyboard
The keyboard of the computer is laid out like the keyboard of a typewriter with the
addition of a few buttons.

1. Escape (Esc)
The Escape key will usually close a pop-up window that may be open. You can use this
key to cancel what the computer is doing.
2. Function Keys (F1 - F12)
Along the top of the keyboard are the function keys. They are numbered F1 to F12. These
do different things in different programs. They are most often used as menu shortcuts.
The F1 key will usually open up the help files for a program.
3. Caps Lock
After pressing the Caps Lock key, everything you type will be in capital letters until you
press it again to turn it off. When you press Caps Lock, you will see a light with an
indicator turn on near the top of your keyboard. This means that everything you type
will now be in capital letters.
4. Shift When you hold down the Shift key and press any letter on your keyboard, the
letter will type as a capital letter. Holding down the Shift key and pressing one of the
number buttons will type in the symbol you see above the number. For example - if
you press Shift and the number 4, the computer will type in $.
5. The Windows Key

38
By pressing the Windows key you can open the Start menu at the bottom of your screen.
6. Space Bar The Space Bar is used to type in a blank space (i.e. between words). Basic
Computer
Skills.
7. Arrow Keys
The arrow keys are mainly used in typing programs to move your cursor around.
8. Enter
The Enter key (also sometimes called Return) tells your computer to start a new line
when you are editing text.
9. Backspace
Backspace will remove what is typed one space to the left of the flashing cursor.
10. Delete
Delete will remove what is typed one space to the right of the flashing cursor.

The Desktop
When your computer first loads up, the first thing you will see on the screen is the
desktop. The desktop contains icons to software (also called programs) you can open.

Opening a Program Using the Icon on the Desktop

1. Move your mouse pointer over the middle of the Microsoft Excel icon
2. Double click your left mouse button
3. Microsoft Excel will open
The Task Bar
• The Task Bar is at the bottom of your screen
• On the left end is the Start menu button

39
 • On the right end is the clock
• Next to the clock are small icons that indicate different statuses. These change
depending on your computer. They can include things like how much battery
you have left (if you are using a laptop) and the volume of your computer’s
speakers.
• Between the Start menu button and the clock, buttons will appear whenever
you open a program
• There will be a button for each program you have open
• The button will disappear when you close the program

Windows
• Whenever you open a program, it opens in a new window
• You can have many windows open at the same time and swap between them
• You don’t have to close a window to open another window
• Each window you have open is shown as a button on your taskbar at the bottom
of your screen
• You can click on any of these buttons on the taskbar to open it on top of any
other windows you may have open

The Start Menu

Programs can also be opened using the Start menu.
You will usually find more programs available in the Start menu than on the desktop.
Opening a Program Using the Start Menu
1. Move your mouse pointer over the middle of the circular Windows button
2. Click the left mouse button
3. The Start menu will appear. Move your mouse over ► All Programs
4. Another list with more options will expand in the menu

40
1. Move your mouse over this new list and over Microsoft Word
2. Click the left mouse button to open Microsoft Word

Minimizing, Maximizing and Closing Programs

When a program is open, there are three buttons in the top right corner of the window.

Minimize
When you click the minimize button, the program will disappear but it is still open and
running in the background
To return to a minimized program, click on its button in the taskbar

Restore/Maximize
When you click on the restore/maximize button, it can do one of 2 things:

41
If the program you are working on does not take up the full computer screen, clicking it
will expand the program so it does take up the full screen
If the program you are working on does take up the full screen, this button will shrink
(or restore) the window down to a smaller size

Close
When you have finished working with a program, click the close button
The computer may ask you if you want to save what you were working on if it has not
been saved
When you click the close button, the program will disappear from the screen and the
taskbar
1. Click on the minimize button. Microsoft Word will disappear
2. Click on the Microsoft Word button on the taskbar. Microsoft Word will reappear.
3. Click on the restore/maximize button. The window will shrink.
4. Click on the restore/maximize button again. The window will expand to full screen.
5. Click on the close button. Microsoft Word will close and the Microsoft Word button
on the taskbar will disappear.

Moving Between Open Programs

There are two main ways you can move between programs that are open on your
computer.

We will open up another program now to demonstrate.

1. Click on the Start menu button

2. Move your mouse over All Programs ► Left mouse button click

3. Move your mouse over the option Accessories ►Left mouse button click

4. Click on Wordpad. Wordpad will now open.

5. There will be two buttons on your taskbar now - Microsoft Excel and
Wordpad. Click on the Microsoft Excel button on the taskbar.

6. Microsoft Excel’s window will open on top of the other windows

Another way to switch between programs is to use the Alt key on your
keyboard. It is next to the space bar.

1. Press and hold down the Alt key on your keyboard

42
2. Whilst still pressing on the Alt key, press the Tab key once.

3. A small window will pop up with icons representing each program you have
open.

4. Keep pressing the Tab key to highlight different icons

5. Let go of both keys when the program you want to use is highlighted

Creating A Document
We will use Wordpad to create a simple text document and to practice typing
on the keyboard.

1. Click on the Wordpad button on the taskbar to open the Wordpad window

When we opened Wordpad, a new document was created automatically.

You will see a blinking text cursor at the top of the white page. This means
that when we start typing, words will appear here.

2. Type:
Welcome to Fresher Day. This Saturday at RJS Polytechnic.

Symbols and Punctuation

Printed above the number keys at the top of your keyboard is a range of symbols.

You can type these by holding down the Shift key whilst pressing the number
key with the symbol you want.

For example, to type an ampersand (& symbol), you would hold down the Shift
key and press the number 7 on the keyboard.
The punctuation keys at the bottom right of the letters on the keyboard
can be typed this way too. When you press a punctuation key, the symbol
printed on the bottom will appear. Holding down the Shift key and pressing
the punctuation key will insert the symbol printed at the top of it.

1. Press the Enter key a few times to place some space under your typing

43
 2. Type:
Closer each day, Home & Away!

Editing Text
Once you have typed text in a computer document, you can go back and change what
you have typed to add extra text or remove text. There are several ways you can do this:

• use the arrow keys on the keyboard to move the cursor to where you want to edit
from
• use the mouse and click once where you wish to edit from
• use the mouse and double click on a word to change or delete the whole word
• use the mouse - click, keep pressing on the mouse button and drag the cursor
across a word or a block of text to change or delete the selected text

Editing Tools
Most programs provide some basic editing tools. Here are some useful ones:

UNDO
If you have made a mistake, you can use Undo to go back a step and ‘undo’
the last thing you did.

1. Click on the Undo button

COPY

44
You can easily copy text that you typed somewhere else into the part of the
document you are now working on. The copy feature, along with the paste feature,
allows you to copy a section of your document (or another document) and then
paste it where you are working.

1. Highlight the sentence or words you

want to copy by clicking, holding
down the mouse button and
dragging the cursor over the words

2. Click on the Copy

button.
The computer has now copied what you highlighted into its memory.

PASTE
After copying text, you need to paste the text where you would like it placed.

1. Move your cursor and click where you want to place the copied text

2. Click on Paste button

CUT

The cut tool copies your highlighted text, deletes it from its original position and lets you
paste it somewhere else.

Highlight the sentence or words you want to copy by clicking, holding down the mouse
button and dragging the cursor over the words

1. Click on Cut button

2. Move your cursor and click

where you want to
place the cut text

3. Click on the Paste button

Saving Your Work
If you want to keep your work to continue working on it at a later time, you can
save it to a disk. There are numerous types of ‘storage devices’ that you can use to
save your documents and files on. Each can hold different amounts of data.

Ways to store your work Hard drive high capacity disk stored inside your computer
tower on most computers, the hard drive is called the “C” drive.

45
HOW TO SAVE YOUR WORK
1. Click on the File menu at the top of the screen
2. Click on Save. The Save window will appear.

3. Next to Save in, choose where you want to save your work. Click on the drop-down
menu arrow.
4. Click on E: to save on to the USB drive provided
5. Next to File Name, click in the box and delete the generic file name

6. TYPE ACTIVITY
7. Click the Save button
8. The document is now saved on the USB drive. Close Wordpad by clicking on the
close button at the top right corner of the screen.

Opening A Saved Document

Opening a document is very similar to saving a document.
1. Using the Start menu, open Wordpad
2. Click on the File menu at the top of the screen

3. Click on Open. The Open window will appear.

46
4. Next, to Look in, choose where you saved your work. Click on the drop-down menu
arrow.
5. Select the file Activity
6. Click the Open button

Viewing Files On A Storage Device

You can view the files on a USB drive, CD or DVD using My Computer.

My Computer allows you to see the files on any storage device, rename them, organize
them into folders, and open the file directly from the list.

To access My Computer:
1. Click on the Start menu
2. Click on Computer
3. My Computer will open and display a list of all the available disk drives on your
computer

4. To view the contents of the USB drive, double-click on E:

47
You can see all the files and folders on the USB drive (E:).

5. To move up to the previous folder you were viewing, click on Computer in the search
bar

6. To open your file or folder, double-click on it.

In E:\> double click on your file, Activity, to open it.

Renaming Files
You can rename files you have already created. This does not change the contents of
the file, it just changes the name you’ve given it.

1. In My Computer, view the contents of E: Click once on Activity

2. Click on the File menu at the top of the window

3. Click on Rename
4. Type Practice and press Enter.

Deleting Files
When you have finished with a file and no longer need it, you can remove it from your
disk. This will help prevent your disks from filling up with files you do not need.

1. In My Computer, view the contents of E: Click once on Practice

2. Press the Delete key on your keyboard

3. A window will pop up asking if you sure you want to delete. Click once on Yes.

Ejecting A USB
When you have finished using a USB drive, you must tell the computer to ‘eject’ it, before
removing the drive from the computer.

1. Click once on the Safely Remove Hardware icon at the bottom of the screen near
the clock:

48
2. Click on Eject Flash Disk pop-up
3. Remove the USB drive

Shutting Down
When you have finished using your computer, you must shut it down correctly. This
will properly finish any processes that are running on the computer that you might
not be able to see.

1. Click on the Start button in the bottom left corner

2. Click on Shut Down
3. Your computer will begin to close down. It is not unusual for this to take a
few minutes to complete.

49
Chapter -5 Creation of Folders, Creating/Opening of the file, Editing
and saving the document, Copy, Cut and Paste operations, built-in
utilities of OS like – Text Editors, Paint, Calculator, etc.

Creation of folder:
A folder is a location where you can store your files. You can create any number of
folders and even store folders inside other folders (subfolders). Here’s how to create a new
folder:

1. Go to the location (such as a folder or the desktop) where you want to create a new
folder.

2. Right-click a blank area on the desktop or in the folder window, point to New and
then click Folder.

3. Type a name for the new folder, and then press Enter. The new folder will appear in
the location you specified.

Editing and saving the document using Notepad.

Procedure: Go to Start >Program>accessories from their select notepad or double-

click on the notepad to open notepad, go to file select new to open a new file and type text
and then save the document using save option.

Copy, Cut and Paste operations:

Cut command removes the selected data from its original position, while the copy
command creates a duplicate; in both cases, the selected data is placed in a clipboard. The
data in the clipboard is later inserted in the position where the paste command is issued.

Cut and paste:

1. The user selects or "highlights" the text or file for moving by some method, typically
by dragging over the text or file name with the pointing-device or holding down the
Shift key while using the arrow keys to move the text cursor.
2. The user performs a "cut" operation via key combination Ctrl+x, menu, or other
means
3. Visibly, "cut" text immediately disappears from its location. "Cut" files typically
change color to indicate that they will be moved.
4. Conceptually, the text has now moved to a location often called the clipboard. The
clipboard typically remains invisible. On most systems only one clipboard location
exists, hence another cut or copy operation overwrites the previously stored
information.

50
 5. The user selects a location for insertion by some method, typically by clicking at the
desired insertion point
6. A paste operation takes place which visibly inserts the clipboard text at the insertion
point.

Copy and paste:

The term "copy-and-paste" refers to a simple method of reproducing text or other data
from a source to a destination. It differs from cut and paste in that the original source text
or data does not get deleted or removed. Once one has copied data into the clipboard, one
may paste the contents of the clipboard into a destination document.

Built-in Utilities:

 Text Editors

A text editor is a type of program used for editing plain text files. Text editors are
provided with operating systems and software development packages and can be
used to change configuration files, documentation files, and programming
language source code. A plain text file uses a character encoding such as UTF-8 or
ASCII to represent numbers, letters, and symbols. The only non-printing characters
in the file that can be used to format the text area new line, tab, and form feed.
Plain text files are often displayed using a monospace font so horizontal alignment
and columnar formatting are sometimes done using space characters.

 Paint
Paint is a simple computer graphics program that has been included with all
versions of Microsoft Windows. It is often referred to as MS Paint or Microsoft
Paint. The program mainly opens and saves files as Windows bitmap (24-bit, 256
color, 16 color, and monochrome, all with the .bmp extension), JPEG, GIF (without
animation or transparency, although the Windows 98 version, a Windows 95
upgrade, and the Windows NT4 version did support the latter),PNG (without alpha
channel), and single-page TIFF. The program can be in color mode or two-color
black-and-white, but there is no grayscale mode.

 Calculator

You can use Calculator to perform simple calculations such as addition,

subtraction, multiplication, and division. The calculator also offers the advanced
capabilities of a programming, scientific, and statistical calculator. You can perform
calculations by clicking the calculator buttons, or you can type calculations by using
your keyboard. You can also use the numeric keypad to type numbers and
operators by pressing Num Lock.

51
Chapter - 6 Practice browsing of different sites using Search Engine.
Some of the Search engine:

Yahoo!

Google

Hotbot

Lycos

Excite

Procedure to search using Google Search Engine:

Step 1. Go to any of Search Engine

Step 2. Type URL(Uniform Resource Locator) or keyword you want to search. And click on
ok.

Step 3: You will give a list of links to related topics .open the pages & check if the information
as per your requirement

URL

52
53
CHAPTER 7-.Practice Creating E-Mail accounts, Sending, Receiving
of E-Mails.

Procedure:

Steps to create an email account:

Step 1: Click on the Free Sign Up Button

Step 2: Enter all mandatory fields (First Name, Last Name, Gender, etc.)

Step 3: Type in your desired Email Address

Step 4: Choose a secure Password (at least 8 characters, mixing letters, numbers, lower
and upper case, and using special characters)

Step 5: Select your Security Question, type in your Answer

Step 6: Verify your registration by typing the numbers in the captcha picture

Step 7: Click the "Accept" - Button underneath

How to send an email

Step 1: Log in to your Email account so that you are on the dashboard (main page) of your
mail account.

Step 2: Click Compose

Step 3: A new blank email window will open up. In the ‘To’ box, type in the email address of
the recipient.

Step 4: You might want to include someone else in your email to ‘keep them in the loop’.
You can do this by clicking Cc or Bcc, which will open another field. ‘Cc’ means ‘carbon copy’
and ‘Bcc’ means ‘blind carbon copy’. Adding an email address to the ‘Cc’ field means that
that person will receive a copy of the email and all the other recipients will see their email
address. If an email address is put into the 'Bcc’ field, the person will get a copy of the email
but no other recipient will see that address. If you are sending the same email to lots of
different people, it’s a good idea to put all the email addresses in the ‘Bcc’ field to keep
your ‘mailing list’ confidential. That way, there’s no chance that it could fall into the hands
of a spammer or hacker.

Step 5: The subject field allows you to give the recipient an idea of the topic of your email,
like a heading. You don’t have to put anything in the subject box, but it can help when
viewing and sorting email.

Step 6: Email text can be formatted in a similar way to text in a word document. You can
change the font style, color, and size using the formatting icons. You can also create bullet
points and check the spelling of your email. Choose your formatting from the menu shown.

54
Step 7: Type your message in the main body field of your email

Step 8: When you’re done with your email, click the blue Send button at the bottom of the
compose window

Step 9: The email you’ve sent will now be stored in the ‘Sent Mail’ folder on your email
dashboard. You may have to run your mouse pointer over the Inbox folder link to see the
other folders.

Step 10: You may start an email but then decide to come back to it later rather than sending
it straight away. Gmail saves your drafts automatically. So you can simply close the email
and the unfinished email will be saved to your ‘Drafts’ folder. When you decide that you’re
ready to send it, you can retrieve it from the ‘Drafts’ folder by clicking Drafts and then
clicking the correct item in the ‘Drafts’ folder list. Finish the email and click send as normal

55
 Unit II
EXERCISE 8
PROCEDURE TO CREATE PERSONAL LETTER:

1. Open MS Office 2007 – MS Word – File – New.

2. Go to Installed Templates – Under that click and select Equity Letter Format tab and click
on CREATE button.

3. Click on date drop-down select a date from the calendar.

4. Click on Recipient Info Column -Enter the Recipient’s name (and Address if necessary)

5. Click Sender Info Column - Enter the Sender’s Name (and address if necessary)

6. Now you select text “Type your text here”- Start writing your message in this area.

7. If you want to align Date to the right of the page then select the date and click Align right
button in the standard toolbar.

OUTPUT :

PERSONAL LETTER
August 5, 2018
Dear Srujan
By the grace of almighty, I am fine here. I hope you are also fine there.
My semester exam stars from 11th November that is this month end. I am very much
confident that I will get good marks in this exam and I am working very hard for that.
Then how is your study going on? I know you are very well in studies.
When is your exam? After your exam please come home. I will be waiting to meet you.
I have many doubts regarding mathematics which I wanted to clarify from you.
Please do write a letter.

Your loving brother

Uday

56
BUSINESS LETTER
Date
Sender Name
Sender Company Name
Sender Address

Recipient Name
Recipient Company Name
Recipient Address

Respected Recipient Name,

Subject: Type your subject here

To get started right away, just tap any placeholder text (such as this) and start typing to
replace it with your own.

Want to insert a picture from your files or add a shape, text box, or table? You got it! On the
Insert tab of the ribbon, just tap the option you need.

Find even more easy-to-use tools on the Insert tab, such as to add a hyperlink or insert a
comment.

Sincerely,

Your Name

57
EXERCISE 9

PROCEDURE TO CREATE COMPANY LETTERHEAD:

1. Open MS Office-MS Word – File – New.

2. Go to View- Header and Footer- Type the complete address of a company.

3. Select the Text and click align right on the standard toolbar.

4. In order to insert the company logo (create a logo using paint software and
save it or use the existing one) inside the header go to Insert- Picture-

From File-and browse for the required Picture/file/logo where you have

saved – click Insert.

6. After inserting the logo/image resize the logo to fit the top left corner

of the page by right-clicking on the logo, go to Format Picture – select

Layout tab – select the Wrapping Style to Infront of text- click ok.

7. To insert a Line go to Insert- picture- Auto shapes- Select the line and

draw below the Logo and the address inside the header.

8. Format the line by Right clicking and selecting Format Auto shape- select the Color

and Line tab- chose your style- click ok.

9. Then go to the footer- Insert and format a line as did for the header.

10. Type the text inside the footer and below the line.

11. Go to Format-Background-Printed Watermark-Picture Mark-Click

Select Picture- Browse for the required background- click Washout-

Apply- Ok

58
59
EXERCISE 10

PROCEDURE TO CREATE SIMPLE NEWSLETTER:

1. Open MS Office-MS Word – File – New – Select from installed templates, a newsletter.

2. Whenever you want to change the number of columns then go to

Insert – Break - Select the section break type as continuous - Click OK

3. Go to Format – Column - select the number of columns u want and click ok.

4. Type news and whenever you need curser in the next column then go to

Insert - Break- now select Column Break – click Ok.

5. If you want the picture to be inserted then go to Insert- Picture-From file and browse for the
required picture/file-then click Insert

6. Format the text by changing the font size and color by selecting the required text and chose
the font size, style, and color in the formatting toolbar below the menu.

7. Formatting text can also be done by selecting the text and applying the WordArt. For that go
to Insert- Picture-WordArt - then chose the style you want and click Ok. To change the color
of the WordArt text, right click on the text and go to Format WordArt.

60
EXERCISE 11
CREATE A RESUME FOR A JOB APPLICATION PROCEDURES TO CREATE A RESUME:

1. Open MS Office-MS Word – File – New

2. Go to Installed templates- select Equity Resume

3. Type name address phone number and Go to Table-Insert-Table- chose Number of Columns 2 and
Rows to 1.
Enter the name, format it (bold and increase the font size via standard toolbar). And in the second
column type the whole address.

4. Whenever you want to increase the number of column in the existing row, select that row and go
to Table-click Split Cells- enter a number of columns- click Ok.

5. In order to decrease the existing column numbers, select that columns and Go to Tables- click
Merge cells.

Finally, type the declaration outside the table with your name aligning right side and date to the left
side.

61
62
EXERCISE12
PROCEDURES TO CREATE A COVER PAGE OF A PROJECT REPORT:

1. Open MS Office-MS Word – File – New

2. Type university name, project title, guide name etc line by line. Select the

text and click align center on the standard toolbar. Keep the cursor where

you want to insert the institution logo and then go to Insert-Picture-From

File-and browse for the required picture/file - then click Insert.

3. Format the title of your project by selecting and applying the

Wordart. For that go to Insert- Picture-Wordart- then chose the style you

Want and click Ok. To change the color of the wordart text, right click on

the text and go to Format Wordart- chose the color- click ok

7. In order to insert the border for your project cover page Go to the

Format-

Border and Shading- Select the Border tab and the style and color of your choice – click ok.

63
64
EXERCISE 13
PREPARE THE CLASS TIME TABLE OF YOUR CLASS.

Step 1: Open MS OFFICE 2007 →MS WORD 2007→ FILE→ NEW

Step 2: Go to INSERT→ TABLE→ Select number of rows and columns→ click OK.

Step 3: Enter the data in particular fields.

Step 4: Make the headings bold by selecting the HOME menu→ to select B button from
formatting toolbar→ click OK

Step 5: If you want to merge the cells select the cell's text and click the right button of
mouse→ select MERGE CELLS

Step 6: If you want to change text direction and cell alignment, click the right button of
mouse→ select text direction and cell alignment→ click OK

OUTPUT:

65
EXERCISE 14
CREATE A WORKSHEET WITH FIVE COLUMNS. ENTER TEN RECORDS AND FIND THE
SUM OF ALL COLUMNS USING AUTO SUM FEATURE.

1. Open MS Office-MS Excel – File – New

2. Enter the 5 column Heading and 10 row heading by clicking the cursor on to the particular cell.

3. Enter the data for the 4 columns.

4. Select the first column whole data, except the heading and click ∑ (auto sum) in the standard
toolbar- this will add the column’s data and places the result at the end.

5. Repeat the same for the remaining 3 columns.

66
EXERCISE 15
YOU HAVE A MONTHLY INCOME OF RS.11000. YOUR MONTHLY
EXPENDITURES ARE: RENT- RS
3500, FOOD- RS. 1500, ELECTRICITY- RS.110, PHONE- RS. 160, AND CABLE TV-
RS. 300.
PREPARE A WORKSHEET WITH THE MONTHLY INCOME, THE MONTHLY EXPENDITURES
LISTED AND
SUMMED, MONTHLY SAVINGS AMOUNT (WHAT’S LEFT OVER EACH MONTH)
CALCULATED, AND THE
AMOUNT SAVED PER DAY (ASSUMING 30 DAYS IN A MONTH).

Procedure:
Step 1: Open Microsoft Excel 2007.
Step 2: Enter Monthly Income, all Monthly Expenditures and then select all expenditures
& select “autosum” and the sum will appear in next row and calculate monthly saving by
monthly income- monthly expenditure i.e. C1-C8.
Step 3: Next Calculate amount saved per day by using (monthly savings)/30 i.e. C9/30.

67
 EXERCISE 16
CREATE A WORKSHEET CONTAINING THE PAY DETAILS (CONTAINING BASIC PAY, DA,
HRA, OTHER
ALLOWANCE, DEDUCTIONS- PF, PT, INSURANCE, GROSS, AND NET SALARY) OF THE
EMPLOYEES USING FORMULAS.

1. Open MS Office-MS Excel – File – New

2. Select few columns and few rows at the center of the beginning- right

Click- Format cells - click select the alignment tab- tick Merge cells

option- ok-Type the Heading.

3. Enter the Column Headings. Enter the data of following columns manually

Sl No, Name, Employee Id, Basic, CCA (100 for all the employee) and LIC.

4. Enter the following formula to calculate the respective values.

DA (60% of BASIC) =D5*0.6

HRA (7.5% of BASIC) =D5*0.075

Gross =SUM (D5:G5) or D5+E5+F5+G5

GPF (7% of BASIC) =D5*0.07

KGID (8% of BASIC) =D5*0.08

Tot Deduction =SUM (I5:K5) or I5+J5+K5

Net Salary =H5-L5

5. After Writing each formula select the cell and drag to the entire column to apply.

68
69
EXERCISE 17
CREATE A SIMPLE BAR CHART TO HIGHLIGHT THE SALES OF A COMPANY FOR THREE
DIFFERENT PERIODS.
1. Open MS Office -- MS Excel – File – New
2. Select few columns and few rows at the center of the beginning- right Click- Format cells - click
select the alignment tab- tick Merge cells option- ok-Type the Heading.
3. Enter the column Heading and row heading. Enter the data in each Column.
4. Select the complete row and column data including the header.
5. Go to Insert- Chart-Bars-Select the Chart Type - Custom type- Select the type- Next- Select
Column - next – under Title give the Heading at Chart title – under Axes chose the Primary
axis – under Legends chose the Placement – under Data labels chose value- next- select the
place chart- Finish.

70
EXERCISE 18
CREATE A PIE CHART FOR A SAMPLE DATA AND GIVE LEGENDS
Open MS Office -- MS Excel – File – New

1. Select few columns and few rows at the center of the beginning- right Click- Format cells -
click select the alignment tab- tick Merge cells option- ok-Type the Heading.

2. Enter the column Heading and row heading. Enter the data in each Column.

3. Select the complete row and column data including the header.

4. Go to Insert- Chart- Pie -Select the Chart Type - Next- Select Column – next – under Title give
the Heading at Chart title – under Legends choose the Placement – under Data labels chose
value- next- select the place chart -- Finish.

71
EXERCISE 19
Using the presentation tool, Create a simple Presentation consisting of 4-5 slides
about Input and Output Devices:
Open MS Office-MS PowerPoint – File – New - Blank Presentation
1. Click the Other Task Panes drop-down menu- tick Slide Layout- Select the Layout you
want.
2. Click the Other Task Panes drop-down menu- tick Slide Design – Select the Design of your
choice.
3. Click on the slide to type the text-align the text using the standard toolbar.
4. In order to insert new slide –go to Insert - New Slide-Type your text.
5. Each slide may have different slide layouts depending on the content.
6. After creating all the slides- By holding Ctrl key select all the slides- go to the Slideshow -
Slide transition- the transition- select speed to a minimum – tick Automatically after and enter
the time of interval for each slide to appear in the slideshow- Click Apply to all the slide.

7. You can also use Custom animation to apply animation to the Text/Content, for that
select the object- go to Slide Show- Custom animation- click add effect- choose the style.
8. Finally, go to Slide Show- view Show

OUTPUT

72
EXERCISE 20
Create a presentation about a Book containing Title, Author, Publisher, and Contents.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Open Microsoft PowerPoint 2007. You will see a blank screen with two boxes
in the middle of the screen. One of the boxes says “Click to add the title”, the other
says “Click to add subtitle”.
Step 2: On the tab at the upper left side of the screen, click the “File” tab.
Step 3: Continue adding information & pictures as you see fit.
Step 4: Once you are finished with your PowerPoint presentation, go to “File”->”Save
As” & save your file.

73
EXERCISE 21
Create an automated (with timings & animation) Presentation with five slides about
different Models of Computers. Use the Presentation tool.
Procedure:

Step 1: Open MS Office-MS PowerPoint – File – New - Blank Presentation

Step 2: In order to insert new slide –go to Insert - New Slide-Type your text.
Step 3: Continue adding information & pictures as you see fit.

Step 4: To add animation to the picture or image, just click on Animation-Transition to this
slide. You can also use Custom animation to apply animation to the Text/Content, for that
select the object- go to Slide Show- Custom animation- click add effect- choose the style.

Step 5: To add speed(motion) for the animation of the slide, go to animation-transition speed like
fast, Medium & slow. Select the types of speed to add.

Step 6: To add timings to the animation of the slide, go to Animation-Automated After, there give
timings for the moving of slide.

Step 7: Once you are finished with your PowerPoint presentation, go to “File->Save As” & save
your file.

Step 8: Finally go to Slide Show- view Show

74
BASIC COMPUTER SKILLS VIVA QUESTIONS
1. What is a computer?
The computer is an electronic device, which can be used for information processing.

2.Classification of the computer?

a) Digital b) Analog c)Hybrid 3.What
is mean by a digital computer?
Digital computer performs the operation in a discrete step. respect to Os & Is. That is
operated by machine / digital language.

4. What is mean by analog computer?

Analog computer accepts input, which varies with respect to time and frequency.

5. What is mean by hybrid computer?

It is a combination of both digital and analog.

6. What is Computer hardware?

The computer hardware is a physical component which we can see through bare eyes, we can
touch and feel the scene. Ex monitor/screen, CPU, keyboard, and mouse.

7. What are the components present inside the CPU?

1. Motherboard 2.Processor 3.Hard disk 4.Rom, Ram 5.Data bus

8. Who invented the computer?

Charles Babbage in 1945 (first generation analog computer)

9. What is the first generation computer?

It was evolved by using vacuum tubes in this generation.

10. What is Second generation computer?

It was evolved by using a diode in this generation.

11. What is a Third generation computer?

It was evolved by using Transistor in this generation.

12. What is the fourth generation computer?

It was evolved by using ic’s in this generation.

13. Which are the different models of the computer?

Desktop, tabletop, palmtop, laptop.

14.Examples for input and output devices?

Input devices: The devices which are used to present the input to the processor of the
computer. Ex: Keyboard, Mouse, Joystick, lightpen, scanner, touchscreens.

Output devices: The device which is to see the output send from the processor Ex: Monitor,
Printer, Plotter.

75
15. What is volatile and non Volatile memory?
The memory in which the data will delete when power is switched off is called as volatile
memory. Ex: Ram ( Random access memory)

The data will be permanently stored in nonvolatile memory which can not be deleted or
destroyed.
Ex: Rom ( Read only memory)

16. What is computer software?

The software is a set of programs which run on the hardware.

Classification of computer software?

a) System software. Ex :window operating system(98,2000,XP,Vista),Linux,Redhat

b) Application software: Ex: Microsoft office, Java Games etc
17. Which is the operating system currently used in your labs?
Window based operating system (XP)

What is different between dos operating system and Windows operating system.

Dos operating system Windows operating system

It is programmer friendly it is user-friendly

We won’t use mouse cursor because it works on the graphical user interface(GUI)

Works online command interface(LUI)

18. How to open DOS?
Click Start – run – type command(cmd)

19.Classification of dos commands?

a) Internal dos command b)External dos command

20. What is internal dos command ? Give examples?

The command which performs the tasks without requirement of the external parameters. Ex :
date, time, ver, dir, format, fdisk, cls etc

21. What is external dos command ? Give examples?

The command which performs the tasks with the requirements of the internal
parameters.Ex: RD, cd, del, copy con, MD , type, copy, edit, ren, mv etc What is a
directory?
22. What is the path of MS WORD?
Ans: Start→ programs→ MS-Office→ MS-Word.

23.How to insert the current date and time in your page.

Ans: Select the area where you want to insert the date and time and go to insert on
the menu bar then select Date and time. Select current date and time.

76
24. How to insert page number?
Ans: Open the page, go to insert menu bar select page numbers and then select in
which position you want to insert.
25.How to insert border to the page.
Ans: Go to format then select borders and shading, again select which type of border
you want then click on ok button.
26. What is the path of bullets and numbering tool?
Ans: Go to format bar select bullets and numbering, again select which type of bullets
and numbering you want; click ok.
27. What is the path of spelling check and grammar?
Ans: Select the contains you want to check for grammar mistake. Then go to
toolbar and select the spelling and grammar if the sentence is a mistake it
will indicate in red.
28. What is the use of Page break?
Ans: It is used to break the single page into odd, even, next and continuous pages.

29. What is the use of header and footers?

Ans: To insert the title to all pages of the word similarly the footer.

30.What is the path of columns tools?

Ans: File→ Format→ Columns

31. Name any three submenus of edit menu.

Ans: Undo, Repeat typing, Select all, Find, Replace, Cut, Copy, Paste.

32. Which is the shortcut key for selecting font?

Ans: Ctrl+D

33.How to get the dictionary in Ms-Word.

Ans; If any fault occurred in typing the text, the error will be notified by red line
below the text. To correct the text press right click on mouse keeping the cursor on
the error text.
34. What is hyperlink?
Ans: Providing Interlink to another file from the current window using hyperlink option.

35. How to change the entered lower case letter into all caps.
Ans: Ctrl+Shift+A

36. What is the short key to clear the window?

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Ans: Alt+ F4

37. Who invented Micro-Soft?

Ans: Mr. Bill Gates(USA)

38. What is Mail Merge?

Ans: Creating Hard copies for N.no of recipients along with address at a time.

39.How to insert symbols or clipart to your word editor.

Ans: Insert→ Symbols.

Click on insert→ pictures→ Clipart

40. What is the shortcut key used to save the Document?

Ans: Ctrl-S

41. What is a file?

Ans: File is a collection of user data, Or text, picture, audio, and video.

42. What is the Difference between Directory and file?

Ans: Dir is a tool which can store subdirectories and files but the file is a collection of
only information.
43. Mention any four type of file along with the extension.
Ans: Document file>.Doc Execution file. Exe Object file. Obj Help file. Help

44. What is the other name for Microsoft Word?

Ans: Word processor.

45.How to take print out.

Ans: Select the content click on file→ print or Ctrl +P

46. What is Hard Copy?

Ans: The text residing on the paper is called as hard copy.

47. What is a soft copy?

Ans: The information which is the content of the hard disk is called soft copy.

48. What is the use of wildcard characters?

Ans: The wildcard characters simplifies the process of using the hardware with the
help of dos commands including the wildcard characters(*,?)
49. What is the use of Home and end keep?
Ans: To bring the cursor at the beginning of the statement.

To bring the cursor at the last point of the statement.

50. What is the difference between spacebar and the tab key?

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Ans: The space bar leaves a single white space ( blank), tab key leaves 8 white space
at a time.
51. How many numbers of the keys are there in the normal keyboard.
Ans: 103 to 108

52. Give examples for input devices.

Ans: Keyboard, mouse, light pen

53. Mention the components which are present in the CPU?

Ans: Hard disk, Motherboard, SMPS, RAM, CD ROM.

54. Write down the block diagram of the computer?

55. What is the use of functional key?

Ans: Each functional key is a shortcut for few applications depending on software ’s
which perform the particular operation on it.

56. How many keys are there in function key?

Ans:12(F1 to F12)

57. Which are the special keys available in you keyboard?

Ans: Windows, Alt, Ctrl, Tab, Esc.

58. What is the difference between the caps lock and shift key?
Ans: If the caps lock key is on the next coming characters will be displayed in
capital letters, shift key obtains the current key pressed along with shift will be
displayed in caps.
59. What are the contents of the taskbar ?
Ans: Start menu, quick launch icons, time, and minimized programs if running.

60. What is a memory?

Ans: A memory is a tool which holds the data in terms of bits and bytes.

61. Which is the memory device used in CPU?

Ans: HARDDISK 62. Can we
use the mouse in dos?
Ans: No.

63. What is a cell?

Ans: The intersection between row and column.

64. What is the use of record macro?

Ans: To record some information which would be useful for further entries.

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65.How to insert a table in MS-Word.
Ans: Table menu→ insert→ table→ select table size by inserting values for a
number of rows and columns.
66. How many rows are in MS-Excel?
Ans: 65536

67. What are the buttons present in Standard tools bar?

Ans: New, open, save, permission, e-mail, print, print preview, spell check etc.

68. What are the buttons present in formatting toolbar?

Ans: Styles and formatting, style, font, bold, italic, underline, left, center, right
alignments.
69. What is the use of a ruler in the word?
Ans: To set the page visible to the user in a single view. Also, view other pages by
seeking the scroll bars.
70. What is a Database?
Ans: Collection of user information/data in the back end.

71. What is the path of Microsoft Access?

Ans: Start→ Programs→ Microsoft Office→ MS Access.

72. What are fields in the database?

Ans: A fields are the data words used to describe the content

For ex: To create student database common fields used are as follows

Roll no Name College name Marks etc..

73. What is a table?

Ans: A table is a collection of data fields or data members and data types

‘n’ no. of data fields and types to form a table.

‘n’ no. of tables to form a database.

74. What do you mean by forms and reports in MS-Access?

Ans: The forms and Reports and the design templates which are already inbuilt
on the access software which provides the user to design a front end sheet
consisting of back-end information or database.
75. What is a presentation?
Ans: Presentation is a method to implement information based on the product by
using slides.
76. What are the uses of powerpoint?

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Ans: Basically power point presentation is used to describe a product in
efficient manner so that user can understand the product and satisfaction
and user needs to him. In powerpoint there is a method called design
templates which brings us the existing format to describe a product based
on user needs. 77. What is the internet?
Ans: An internet is defined as a collection of autonomous computers which can
able to get information from the web server to client systems.
78. What is a file?
Ans: A File is a tool in which it is used to create the user information or collection of data or
information.

79. How many types of files are there?

Ans: Depending on the application the files are distinguished as mentioned below

a) Execution file (.exe) b)Object file (.obj)

C)Word file or document (.doc) d)Bitmap file (.bmp)

e)Jpeg (.jpeg) f)Mpeg (.mpeg)

g)Mp3 (.mp3) h)Ecxcel (.exl)

i)Access (.db) j)Powerpoint (.ppt)

80.What is the name of the file created in MS-Word.

Ans: Document.

81. What is the name of the file created in MS-Excel?

Ans: Workbook.

82. What is the name of the file created in MS-Access?

Ans: Database.

83. What is the name of the file created in MS-Powerpoint?

Ans: Presentation.

84. Which are the basic toolbars available in MS-Office?

Ans: Standard, formatting and drawing toolbars.

85. What is taskbar? Where it lies.

Ans: A taskbar shows the minimized application of the user and also it displays quick
launch icons like sound, lan notification, time, date, along with start menu. It can be seen
in the lowest level of MS-Application.

86. What is the menu bar?

Ans: It is main toolbar in all software application it displays the very basic tools which can be
handled the files by the user.

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87. What is the Status bar?
Ans: The Status bar always appears at the bottom of the windows and it gives the
information on the item selected and it also shows the number of columns, position. The
Status bar does not appear on every window.

88. What is Title Bar?

Ans: The area located at the top of a window is called the title bar. On the title bar, you will
find three buttons to control the windows. The First button is to minimize, the Second
button is to Maximize and the Third button is to close the window.

89. What is a Scrollbar?

Ans: A window consists vertical scroll bar on the right side border which moved the page up
and down.

90. What is Standard toolbar?

Ans: Standard toolbar provide the quick launch icon for the sub menu of menu bar.

91.What is a formatting tool bar?

Ans: Formatting toolbar provide the quick launch icon for the sub menu of menu bar.

92.What is Drawing toolbar?

Ans: Drawing toolbar provide the quick launch icon for the submenu of menu bar.

93.Define MS-Word?
Ans: It is word processing application software used for preparing documents like letters,
memos, circulars, timetable, greeting card and it is used to type and edit text.

94.What is icon?
Ans: The icon is a tool which is also a shortcut to see the application of the software which can
be seen in the desktop.

95.What is desktop?
Ans: Desktop is a front page application of all operating systems.

96.How to create a table?

Ans: Insert→ table or draw table on the tool bar than enter the number of row and
column you want.
97.How to change the required font and font size?
Ans: Select the text→ go to the format tool bar→ select font→ Click on font size→ click ok.

98.How to insert date, time and page number?

Ans: Place the cursor where you want→ go to insert menu→ select the date and time dialog
box→ select the date and time option, click ok.

99.How to apply columns?

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Ans: Go to the format menu→ Select column option→ select the number of columns
required→ click ok.

100.How to use drop cap?

Ans: Select the letter ‘s which you want to make drop cap→ go to format menu→select drop
cap option→ select the dropped position→ click ok.

101.How to add header and footer to the page?

Ans: Go to the view menu→ choose header and footer option→ type the required text at
header→ click on switch between header and footer icon→ type the text at the footer→
click on close option.

102.Define MS-Excel?
Ans: MS-Excel is a window based spreadsheet developed by Microsoft corporation, excel
include all standard features of a spreadsheet package like automatic recalculation, graphs
and functions. Excel can be used for variety application like financial statement, business
forecasts, accounting.

103.What is the meaning of work book?

Ans: Workbooks are containers that hold one or more worksheet. Keeping that all sheets are
related to a project in one file.

104.How many row and columns are there in MS-Excel?

Ans: 65536 row and 256 columns.

105.How many characters can a cell hold?

Ans: 255 characters.

106.How many worksheets can a workbook have?

Ans: 255 worksheets
107hat is a cell?
Ans: Combination or Intersection of a row and columns is called cells.

108.Write the Shortcut keys and their functions used in MS-Word.

Ans: Short-cut keys Functions

Ctrl+a select all the data/ information on the editor

Ctrl+b To make the characters bold. Ex: Computer
Ctrl+c To copy the selected information.
Ctrl+d To open font tool bar

Ctrl+e center align

Ctrl+f to find/search the text on a document Ctrl+g

to locate the page number in a mammoth of
documents.

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 Ctrl+h to find/search the text on a document

Ctrl+I to make the character italic. Ex: Computer

Ctrl+j to justify the columns

Ctrl+l left align the paragraph

Ctrl+o open a new document

Ctrl+p to print the selected document

Ctrl+r to make the paragraph of text to right align

Ctrl+s to save the document

Ctrl+u to underline the selected text. Ex: Computer

Ctrl+v to paste the copied data or text from the computer.

Ctrl+x to cut the selected text

Ctrl+y to redo the same process

Ctrl+z to undo the recent task.
Alt F4 to close the current window (more than one

application must be opened)

Start/Windows to start the work we sometimes use this icon.

Shift+F3 to toggle the case of text
Ctrl+[ to increase the size of the font selected.
Ctrl+] to decrease the size of the font selected
Home to edit the beginning character on the selected line
End to edit the last character on the selected line
Alt+tab used to switch/toggle the applications on the task
bar.
109.What is Database in MS-Access.
Ans: Collection of related information stored together is called a database.

Ex: Say student database stores the related fields like his/her family details, recent qualification,
father occupation and his/her status/performance in his curriculum.

110.What is a form and report in MS-Access.

Ans: The in built designed template stored on the MS-Office.

Form: Shows only one information content.

Ex: do practice on access and nj’y

Report shows many contents

Ex: do practice on access and nj’y

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111. What is a computer?
Ans: A Computer is an electronic fast processing machine which performs all user
applications faster and easier.
112. What is Hardware?
Ans: A physical component which we can see by our naked eyes and we can touch,
sense and feel.
113. What is Software?
Ans: A Software is a collection of several programs which performs its own
programming task.
114. Type of Software
Ans: Software are classified into 2 types

1.System Software
2.Application Software.
115. Type of Operating Systems.
Ans: There are 2 type of Operating Systems

1.User friendly operating system and 2. Programmer friendly Operating system.

116. Define application software & Give any example for application software.
Ans: All the software which are the part of an operating system are called
application software. All application s/w’s depends on system software. MS-
Office, Games, Calculator etc.. are the examples.
117. What is system software & give ex.?
Ans: A software which is used to operate the computer hardware is called system
software. Ex: all operating systems are called as the system softwares.
118. What is DOS?
Ans: Dos is nothing but disk operating system, it is also used to operate the
computer hardware with set of inbuilt commands.
119. What is a difference between operating and disk operating system?
Ans: OPERATING SYSTEM

An operating system which provides graphical user interface and user friendly and also we can
run multiple tasks at a time, we can also use mouse to perform the processing faster.

DISK OPERATING SYSTEM (DOS)

To operate the pc using dos user must have handful of commands so it is called
programmer friendly and non GUI ( no color on the screen and graphics). And the only
option is here to use keyboard.

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120. What is the difference between GUI ( graphical user interface) and CLI( Command line
interface)?
Ans: GUI

A GUI which provides graphical user interface ( color on the screen and graphics) and
userfriendly.

CLI
To operate the pc using CLI user must have handful of commands so it is called programmer
friendly, and non GUI ( no color on the screen and graphics).

121. What is the classification of DOS command? Give the examples of each.
Ans: DOS Commands are classified into 2 types

1. Internal dos commands. Ex: DATE, TIME, VER, VOL, FORMAT.

2. External dos commands. Ex: md/mkdir, cd, del, rd, ETC..
122. What is the use of make directory or MD?
Ans: To create a new directory on the prompt we use md command in dos.

123. How to create file in DOS

Ans: By using the copy con command

124. What is the path of Command Prompt?

Ans: Start→Run. In the dialogue box enter command.

125. What is the difference between copy and cut?

Ans: Copy command which remains in the original place afer selection.

Cut command which leaves the original place after pasting the document into the destination
path.

126. What is the command use to delete file?

Ans: Del

127. What is the difference between Del and RD?

Ans: Del is used to remove or delete a file

Rd command is used to remove the directory after deleting all the files of the directory.

128. Mention the symbol of wild card character.

Ans: * And ? are the symbols of wild card.

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