GPRS,EDGE GPRS General Packet Radio Service 2.5G. Data rates varies 56-114 kb/s. Packet switching such as an Internet connection Variable coding schemes. EDGE e¢ Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution. ° 2.75G. ¢ theoretical maximum is 384 kbit/s for 8 timeslots. ° using new ulation scheme(8pskdy-_ 4 Usex> e° Packet switchingThird generation (3G) e Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). e CDMA technology. e Supports 2Mb/s data rate. e Packet switching NetworkAmerican path On other hand, In America there was another evolution for mobile communication: ° Advance Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) is a first- generation analogue cellular telephone system standard that Was developed in the late [970s in N&S American. In 1983 (Digital AMPS) D-AMPS was lunched Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) is a packet-switched data service.CDPD uses the existing AMPS network to transmit data at a rate of 19.2 kbps. In 1993 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is a second-generation digital cellular telephone system that was first deployed. IS 95A provides data rate up to 9.6Kbps/14.4Kbps IS 95B Provides data rate up to 115.2Kbps IS 95B is categorized as 2.5 GHSPA ° High-Speed Downlink)Packet Access (HSDPA) is an enhanced 3G also dubbed e It supports data rate of 14.0 Mb/s e High-Speed Uplinlj Packet Access (HSUPA) enhances the uplink rate tK5.76) Mb/s known as(3.75G e HSPA+ supports MO which increase rate to 42Mb/sUpcoming 4G LTE or WiMAX ™* eet al e WiMAX stands for ¢ Long term Evolution for uw “Worldwide Interoperability for + LTE is actually a 3.9G Microwave Access”. technology. — e Over large distance: e¢ downlink peak rates of few miles (3-5 miles in at least 100 Mbps, ern ee an lay e an uplink of at least Mobile). 20 Mbps e Alternative to DSL or TI lines. Who will survive??Effects on Radio Communications e During propagation, the radio signal experiences different effects (phenomenon) which affect the signal quality. ¢ Signal degradation can be classified by type : > LT s Path Joss: Due to distance covered by the radi 5 hig F signal, called “Free space path loss “ -1 (38) = peckio 3iod fo Large scale fading Resulting from shadow eT effects introduced by the obstacles between _ transmitter and receiver ° Small scale fading Caused by numerous effects all of which are related to the Radio propagation phenomenonBTSs Bsc MSC GMSC Isc Base Transceiver Station Base Station Controller Mobile Switching Center Gateway MSC Intemational Switching Center MS HLR VLR EIR AUC OMG PLMN & Internat. PSTN ISDN Mobile Station Home Location Register Visited Location Register Equipment Identity Register Authentication Center Operation and Maintenance Center203 20_ 20_ 20» 20B Global Systems for Mobile Communication 1991 in Finland by Radiolinja (now part of Elisa 0y)) Digital Modulation - TDMA & CDMA - 990 MHz» Maximum Speed 14.4 Kbps DL/UL Voice Call & SMS ‘Smaller and More Secure Mobile Phones @ es,x0» x0_ x05 20> G GPRS General Packet Radio Service 1993 By ETSI - Packet-switched Technologies Maximum Speed 53.6 Kbps Downlink 26.8 Kbps Uplink Introduced MMS - Multimedia Message Ser ‘Supports IP to Connect to InternetEnhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution xO 2003 By AT&T =0= Maximum Speed 236.8 Kbps Downlink - 59.2 Kbps Uplink xom 8PSK Encoding 5620 20 x0B 205 20= 0B Moving device _Non-moving device 3ea Kbps Mbps Wideband CDMA. a WCDMA - UMTS srsal Mobile Telecommunica 1s System 1998 pre-commercial, Japan NTT 2001 First Commercial Release - SK Telecom South Korea CDMA Technology ~ Packet Switching - 2100/1900/850 MHz WCDMA Standard based on GSM UMTS Standard in Europe by 36PP Speed 384 Kbps - 2Mbps Video Calling - Mobile Internet - StreamingHSPA — HSPA+ High Speed Packet Access HSPA: HSPA+: =OP 356 Om 3756 =O® Enhanced WCDMA Technology O® Evolved HSPA- MIMO Theory: 5:76 Mbps Uplink - 14.4 Mbps Downlink =O practice: 200 Kbps Uplink - 508 Kbps Downlink Om Symbol | H] xOm Symbol | H+ =O® Theory: 22 Mbps Upli k - 168 Mbps DownlinkSymbol: |4G History LTE: =™O™ 2004 LTE Standardization Started by ITU =Om 2005 LTE Specification Released EOP 2009 First Commercially Deployment, Oslo-Norway, Stockholm-Sweden WiMax: =O® June 2006 in South Korea - IEEE 802.16 StandardSpeed Downlink Uplink LTE: 100 Mbps SO Mbps Fully IP Packet Switching LTEA: 1 Gbps 500 Mbps OFDMA - MIMO WiMax: 128 Mbps S56 Mbps a} ayy Overview Frequency Bands 700/800/900/ 1700/1800/1900/2100/2600 MHz aa tephony VoIP. se eterncne ‘one LTE & WiMax Low latency bomena Overview x00 x0” x0” x00 5g-NR - Global Standard for Air Interface 2020 - TDD based (1/3, 1 Time Slot UL and 3 DL) Beam Forming & Massive MIMO (64x64) Frequency Range Various Targets ©enhanced Mobile Broadband Massive Machine —_Ultra reliable & Type Communication low latency communication @ ies,Band Size Cell Size Services High Coverage and Mobility N*40MHz 19: €MBB, loT, Mission critical Cor Caley EM High Throughput & Capacity N*100MHz sma 9 ‘2.9: Vehicular, FWA 1-2GHz ultrasmall. » e.g. Industry 4.0, FWA, Servizi digital