Designing MIMO-OFDM

Wireless Communication Systems

Dr. Amod Anandkumar

Senior Application Engineer
Signal Processing and Communications

© 2015 The MathWorks, Inc.1

Outline

 Designing MIMO-OFDM baseband algorithms

 Modelling RF frontend for system-level design

 Working with SDR and live radio signals

2
Outline

 Designing MIMO-OFDM baseband algorithms

 Modelling RF frontend for system-level design

 Working with SDR and live radio signals

3
Why look at MIMO-OFDM systems?

and many more…

4
Challenges in designing MIMO-OFDM systems

 Need to design/model
• Advanced baseband algorithms

• Channels with multipath and fading

• Non-linearity and impairments of RF front-end

• Antenna arrays

• Various types of antennas

5
Demo – Transmitting digital video in a multi-
actor scenario

6
 Processing Chain of MIMO-OFDM Systems
Transmitter

Input
bits
Channel Modulation MIMO
.. . Large-scale
fading
coding . (path-loss …)

Small-scale
fading
(Multipath,
Channel Doppler
effects)

Interference

Noise
Receiver OFDM
receiver
Output
bits … …
MIMO
Channel De-
Receiver
Channel … …
decoding modulation estimation
(Equalizer)
OFDM
receiver

7
Incrementally Develop a MIMO-OFDM System
Version 1: Baseline - Modulation and Coding
 Start with a SISO transceiver with modulation, coding, scrambling
 Channel modeling (Interferer + path loss)
 No multipath fading yet
 Isotropic (non-directional) antenna

Interference

𝜃𝐼 Source (I)

𝜃𝑆
Signal
Source (S)
𝑑𝐼
𝑑𝑆

8
Perform Link-Level Simulations

• Use algorithms in
Communications System
Toolbox

• Quickly build and run fast &

reliable simulations

• Simulate dynamic changes

of systems (such as
modulation scheme)

• Perform measurements
and examine performance
metrics during simulation

9
Version 2: Model OFDM link with Pilot Symbols

• OFDM modulator and

demodulator from
Communications System
Toolbox

• Gold or PN Sequence
generators to generate
pilots (reference signals)

• System objects make

exploring with system
parameters easier

• Explore a wide range of

center frequencies and
bandwidths
10
Version 2: Baseline + OFDM

 Introduce OFDM transmission

 Transceiver with modulation, coding, scrambling & OFDM
 Channel (Interferer + path loss) modeling
 No multipath fading yet

Interference
Source (I)

Signal
Source (S)
𝑑𝐼
𝑑𝑆

11
Version 3: Beamforming with Multiple Antennas

• Antenna arrays and beamformers

from Phased-Array System
Toolbox

• 2-D and 3-D spatial array

responses and directional gains

• Implement beamforming
algorithms with a few lines of
MATLAB code

• Easily quantify interference

mitigation gains provided by
beamforming

12
Version 3: Baseline + OFDM +
Transmit-side beamforming
 Introduce Transmit-side beamforming
 Transceiver with modulation, coding, scrambling & OFDM
 Channel with Interferer + path loss
 Transmitter has multiple Antennas (1 to 8)

Interference
Signal Source (I)
Source (S)

13
Version 4: Introduce Multipath Fading Channel

• MIMO fading channels from Communications System Toolbox

• Channel estimation and equalization with received values of time-

frequency grid

• Experiment with ideal and pilot-based channel estimation algorithms

14
Final Version: Baseline + OFDM +
Transmit-side beamforming + Multipath fading
 Transmit-side beamforming with Multipath fading
 Transceiver with modulation, coding, scrambling & OFDM
 Channel with Interferer + path loss + multipath propagation
 Transmitter has multiple Antennas (1 to 8)

Interference
Signal Source (I)
Source (S)

15
Simulation example – application domains

Video read Channel and

Modulation
and coding interferer model

Image Processing, Communications,

Computer Vision Signal Processing
Antennas,
Phased Arrays

Antenna array,
Video decoding Demodulation
Beamforming

16
What we learned in this demo

 Communications & Phased Array System Toolbox

– Modulation, Coding, OFDM
– MIMO Fading Channels
– Beamforming
 MATLAB & DSP System Toolbox
– Dynamic & interactive MATLAB test benches
– Change system parameters on-the-fly with tunable parameters
– Spectral Analysis
– Visualizations and Measurements
 Computer Vision System Toolbox
– Read telemetry video data as transmitted bit stream

17
Outline

 Designing MIMO-OFDM baseband algorithms

 Modelling RF frontend for system-level design

 Working with SDR and live radio signals

18
 Why Consider RF in System-Level Simulation?

 RF causes imperfections that cannot be neglected

Digital to Analog to
Digital Digital
Analog RF RF Digital
baseband baseband
Converter Converter

Transmitter (TX) Receiver (RX)

19
SimRF Demo

Link to demo

20
SimRF Libraries:
Circuit Envelope Equivalent Baseband

21
What Can You Do With SimRF?
Fast Simulation for Link Budget Analysis of RF Cascades

Link to Webinar

22
What Can You Do With SimRF?
Estimate the Impact of Interference and Spurs

Link to Webinar

23
 What Can You Do With SimRF?
Model Highly Tunable RF Architectures

Link to demo

AGC
RSSI

CW test signal

Tunable
RF receiver Third order
Delta-Sigma ADC

Analog continuous-time Multi-rate finite-precision

LTE or custom test signal programmable filters programmable decimation filters24
 What Can You Do With SimRF?
Test the RF Front-End with Real-Life and Reference Signals

Link to demo MATLAB Testbench

RF Receiver

Simulink Simulation in the Loop 25

SimRF

 System-level simulation including RF

 Architectural design of RF transceivers
 Tradeoff simulation time and modeling
fidelity

26
Outline

 Designing MIMO-OFDM baseband algorithms

 Modelling RF frontend for system-level design

 Working with SDR and live radio signals

27
Test Your Radio with Over-the-air Communication

Transmit and receive radio signals over the air

 Transmit and receive waveforms

 Configure hardware parameters

– centre frequency, sampling rate and more

 Analyze acquired I/Q baseband signal with configurable

measurement tools

 Verify and validate your designs based on live radio

signals

28
Numerous Platforms Supported

RF Signal Generator RF Spectrum Analyzer

Zynq/FPGA SDR Zynq/FPGA SDR

USRP SDR
USRP SDR

RTL SDR

Transmitter Receiver
Discover more here 29
Summary

 Designing MIMO-OFDM baseband algorithms

 Modelling RF frontend for system-level design

 Working with SDR and live radio signals

30
 Model & Simulate From Bits to Antenna (and Back)
Baseband Tx & Rx Algorithms
Antenna, Antenna arrays
LTE System Toolbox type of element, # elements, configuration, position, impedance, pattern
Communications System Toolbox
Antenna Toolbox
DSP System Toolbox
Phased Array System Toolbox

DSP ~
~ ~
~
~ LNA
~
LO2 LO1

~
~
~ PA

LTE System Toolbox

Communications System Toolbox
SimRF SDR Support Packages
RF Toolbox Instrument Control Toolbox
RF Frontend
frequency dependency, non-linearity, noise, mismatches
Channel
fading, interference, noise 31
LTE System Toolbox
 Standards-compliant

 ~200 functions modelling

PHY layer

 DL/UL, FDD/TDD

 Release 8-11 (LTE-A)

 Exhaustive set of examples

Demo Booth on LTE & SDR

32
 Antenna Toolbox
 Easy design
– Library of 22 parameterized antenna elements
– Functionality for the design of linear and
rectangular antenna arrays

 Rapid simulation setup

– Method of Moments field solver for port, field,
and surface analysis

 Seamless integration
– Model the antenna together with signal
processing algorithms
– Rapid iteration of different antenna scenarios
for radar and communication systems design

Demo Booth on Radar & Antenna

33
Use Parallel Computing for Fast Simulation

Parallel Computing Toolbox MATLAB Distributed

Computing Server

GPU Multiple cores

User’s Desktop Link to Demo Compute Cluster

34
 DigitalGlobe Simulates Complete Satellite-to-
Ground Communications Systems

Challenge
Ensure rapid and reliable transmission of satellite imagery
data from space to ground Rendering of the
WorldView-3 satellite.
Solution
Use Simulink to model the entire RF and digital
communications system and perform simulations to calculate “We needed to know if our
BER and verify link performance communications system would
support a 50% increase in data
Results rate. By modeling and simulating
 Simulation speed increased by 10x the antenna, transmitter, and
 Distortion effects included in simulation receiver designs in Simulink, we
 Data rate increased by 50% got a direct answer: Yes. We had
confidence in this answer
because the simulations showed
us how the system performed.”
Skip Cubbedge
DigitalGlobe
Link to user story

35
Enroll in Upcoming Training Courses
Classroom Courses Dates Location
Signal Processing with MATLAB 16 June Bangalore

Image Processing with MATLAB 18 June Bangalore

MATLAB Fundamentals 29 June Bangalore

Simulink for System and Algorithm Modeling 02 July Bangalore

MathWorks Certification Exams Dates Location

MathWorks Certified MATLAB Associate Exam 29 July Bangalore

On-demand Training Courses

 Signal Processing with Simulink

 Communication Systems Design with MATLAB

 Communication Systems Modeling with Simulink

 Designing LTE and LTE Advanced Physical Layer Systems with MATLAB
New

36
 Contact MathWorks India

URL: http://www.mathworks.in

E-mail: info@mathworks.in

Technical Support: www.mathworks.in/myservicerequests

Tel: +91-80-6632 6000

Fax: +91-80-6632 6010

• MathWorks India Private Limited
9th Floor, ‘B’ Wing, Etamin Block
Prestige Technology Park II
Marathahalli – Sarjapur Ring Road
Bangalore – 560103, Karnataka
India
Thank You for Attending
Talk to Us – We are Happy to Support You
37