1.0,Qynaes, 0.11 JlennKos KOHCTpyMpoBaHne y3noB u feTanen MaLUMH OMNABNEHNEOPJIABJIEHHE Tnasa I. Kuwemarwseckue pacverst . . . |. Trasa 2, Pacser syGvarsx w YepsauMbix nepenas .. . . . oo 2 Paoser ayer span) 2.1.1. Pacter mUTMApinieckax ayGuarEX Hepenat . |. 2.1.2, Pactet KOMMIeCKUK syOVaTHK Nepenat «ss 2.2, Pacuer YepaayHBIX epenat . ee 2.3. Amani pesymstaton pacuera Ha SBM H BOOP Rapala IO KONCTPYETHBHOH MpopaGorkE, Tnaea 3, PaspaGorwa sexuatoro upockra.. . . . . 3.1, MuaMerpy BAIOB ee 3.2. PacctomiMa Mexny ReTaTAMH Tlepenay . . 3.3. BuOop THNA HOnUMMTHMKA. os bee 3.4, CxeMM YCTAHOBKH NIONWMMHHKOB see 3.5. Tipmepst acKMsHEIX MpoeKTOR . |. 3.6. Coctanienne KOMNOHOROYHOM cxeMBx Trasa 4. Baswposanne neraneit : 4.1, O6ume nonoxenma |... co. 4.2. Onpenenenue ocHopHol Gast 4.3. Basmporatne jleratelt no Topuam . . . 4.4. Ochonnas Gasa TANOBHIX ReTaTei . . Taasa 5. Koncrpynponanne syGaaTsix, WepBeTHEIX KOAeC HNEPBAKOB =. 2... 5.1. LlvoummpHteckne sy6uarsie Koneca BHEMIHETO saMtertTcHH 5.2. Liwumumpwieckue sy6uatite Kolleca BHYTpeHHero SalleTzeHHA 5.3. BHOKM 3yO4aTHX KONE. ee ae 5.4. Konweckne syO¥arie Koneca. . . . B56 5568 SiS; Bama mectepan ee oS Siiteparmme moses 9000 S7.MepaikH 2... Tnasa 6, Yeranoska Konec Ha BAX... oa 6.1. Coenmnenua sal —crymaa . . . Lo 6.2. OcHonuste cocoGix ocenoro UKcHpORAHHA KoNeC 7] 6.3. Peryampopanine ocenoro MomoxeHMA KONE... ss Taasa 7, KoHCTpyapoRaKwe HOAMHNMNKOBLIX Y3I08 . . sees 7.1. Onpenenende cmt, HarpyXaloutHX NOAMIMMNHKM . . . . | 7.2. MonGop nomuminHKoB . s,s Oe ee eee ecco 7.3. BuGop Nocaxox HOMUMMHMKOB hrm 7.4, MowTax H eMOHTAX NOMUMIHHKOB | ee 7.5. KonctpyxiiiM MOTITHTTHMKOBEX yaIoR |... bitte tenes Bae 7.6. Kouctpyaponanive OM1op BATOB KOHHYECKHX IlectepeH . 77. Kouctpymponative Off0p BaNOB-YepBSKOB . . . 7.8. Onopst Miapaiouyex BaoB . bao6 79. Onopw coocio pacnonoxeHHuX BanoB 7.10. Onops baron, pacnlonoxeHHBNX B pasHAIX KopMycaX . TAL. Koncrpykrapioe oopwaenwe nocalowHEx MecT . . peas poe 7.12. Bureptunanve BHYyTpeHHett KOHCTPYKIMH MONUMMHMKOB . . . . ss. Sage gee 7.13. Tipumepst KOHCTPYKUMH HONMMIEMKOBEIX YuIOB MALIHH u i 16 25 30 37 42 2 45 47 48 49 52 54 34 55 3ST 58 62 62 67 69 n nR 15 7 1 85 94 101 101 105 112 114 116 130 132 134 136 138 139 140 142Tnaea 8. Koucrpyaposanme craxawon KKpuMeK 2.2... 1... 8.1. Koncrpympobanve ctakaHoB Poe eee de 8.2. Kontcrpyiposanme Kpwiliex nomumimTiHKOB Inaea 9, Kowcrpyapovanme y3208 HOAMNHNKOB CKOMMEMWN 2 Tnasa 10. Koucrpyeposaune 3.108 10.1. Konueswe yuacrrat Banos 10.2. KonetpyxinH Baton q 10.3, Pacer BaTOB Ha Mpo'HOCTs . Tnaea 11. Cmassinaume, caazovanie yerpoiicrea u ynAoTHeHA . . . . 11.1, Cwastupanne syOvarnix MYepaRdHMX Hepemat . 11.2. Cmasupanine nomummHKos 11.3. CMasounnie yorpolicrsa 11.4. Ynnorautemusie yorpottcra . 115. FIpaweptt KoRCTpyKIIHH coppeMeHHEX ymioTHeHHt Bano ‘aaea 12, Tipumepss kouctpyxuni yanos syGvarsx w epamwMEX nepemay. 12.1. Bxoaste (GscTpoxoaHe) BAM . 12.2. Mpomexytownwe Bam. 123. Buxoamnie (THxoxomHize) pastes Tnaea 13. Yapyrue snemexrs: MHoronoTosMsix coocHEX sy6aRTHX NepETAT . 13.1. Cwnopiie cootHomtenna . . 13.2. Pacuer ympyrux oneMeHTOB Tnasa 14. Taanevapmsie nepenssn 14.1. Kutemaraveckatit pacuer 14.2. Cwnonolt pacer 143. Konetpymposaiine mianerapHax nepenas Fnasa 15, Boamonsie nepenasia 15.1. Ocopuie cxemu mepenat - ee oa. 15.2. BuGop HapaMerpos 2aleWwteHWA se 15.3. Kowerpyupopanie ruOKHX H XCTKUKKONEC «5... : 15.4. Konicrpyaponanie teHepatopon BIH... sss 15.5. Temmonoit pexua 4 cMaakinalMe BOMHOBOH Mepenaiit 15.6. TIpuepi KoucTpyxuntit BoXHOBLX Nepeway Tnasa 16, Yupannenwe nepenswxxuins NeTLIIME « 16.1. Mepenommnte KaMHM MBWIKH oo. ee 16.2. Hanpannmoutue cKuuiH. Pavard, Oc H pYKOSTIM yitpaBIeHHs 16.3. Yorpotictna aia GuKcupOBAHHA MepeNDWAKKEN ReTaTCH .. . 16-4. BnoKuposounbie yorpolictsa se as 16.5. Omuoppriaxstnie MexanaMel nepeKuoenWa |. LL. ‘Tnasa 17. Koncrpymposanne Kopnycusnx nevanelt KpUIMEK ¢ 2... 17.1, O6mue pexomewmanma . . . 17.2. Kopmyca penykropos . . . . 17.3. Kopnyca KopoSox neperat 174, Opopwrenve mect coemmHeHHa Kopnyca ¢ QuaHIeM SNeKIPORBUTATEMA |... 17.5. Kpuusxu moxos 17.6. CeapHsle Kopmyca Tnasa 18, leans a uarexcnse yerpolierea pemewmnx nepenaa % . . . 18.1. Konerpykuynt KHBOB . . 18.2. Hataxnite yorpolicraa . . Taaea 19. 3neago7Ke HenHEX nepenas Dea My 20.1, Yoranonxa nonymytpr Ha panax 20.2. Cueurenma paron. 20.3. Komnencupyiomue Mypthl 147 147 148 152 158 158 160 164 im 12 175 178 130 186 189 189 200 207 213 214 25 218 219 221 234 234 235 236 239 244 244 246 247 249 252 254 256 257 257 279 219 281 283 285 285 289 297 299 299 302 30520.4. Yupyrue wydprax 20.5, Cuemmue myrat 20.6. Nipenoxpanurrenbune mytprsx 20.7. KomOwnmposamene MyQTHt 20.8, Mycxonne MygT . . . . Trova 21. Pasi w ness. Kpennenne x mony . 24.1. Panos 202i 21.3. Kpermienne k tony exa Tnaea 22, Bumonieune sepremel neTanelt . 22.1. TpeGopanna kK paGowHM YepTexaM . 1.1. O6utHe nonoxeHHA . . 1.2, 3aganMe pasMepos _ 1.3. Tipenensumte orkonenis pasMepon 1.4. Jonyckn dopMsi M JOMYCKM pacrioloxeHHa NopepxHocteit 1.5. [epoxonatocrs nosepazocreit 1 1 .1.f BEBNBEBRE 5, OGosttateHHe TepMIecKo OSpaboTKH || |. sl lle 7. OGoanaverue cpaprtax UBoB 8. Pactonoxeue Wa veprexe eran pasMepon, OGosHateHAH Gas, ROMycKoB bop PActlolOXeHHA, MepOXOBATOCTH H TeXHHYecKUX TpeGonaHMi ... . . . 22.2, Paborme YeprexH THTIOBLX HeTaTeH 22.2.2. 3yGuarwie uM YepaAYHHe Karteca 22.2.3. Crakann . . UIKMB . Spear | Kopnycule yerand | |... ‘Faaca 23, Otpopmnenme npoexTa. eee 23.1. Baas manor u KoucrpyKTopeKar HoKelTOD, wx OGOSHANSETHS 23.2. Ochosune HaMCH ss... 23.3. Cocrasnenwe WoncHMTeNBHOl SaMWCKH 23.4. Cocrannenme cneumduxaindi . . 23.5. Ocpopmstenwe cGopowHoro Yeptexa 23.6. Osbopwienne Yeprexa oOutero BAIA . Tnaea 24. Cnpasosmme TaGamus. . . . Cimeok amtepatypst 320 324 328 330 334 334 338 339 342 342 342 343 344 345, 347 350 350 353 354 354 361 37 315 377 379 382 388 388 390 391 397 402 407 #0 444Taasa l KMHEMATHMYECKHE PACYETHI Tlpoextmponarve HawHHaior c o3HaKOMMeHHA c sanaHHeM Ha MpoexT. Texunyeckoe 3azanve Ha MpoeKTHpoBaHHe MeXaHH3Ma WIM MallHHEI MpoeKTHad OpraHH3allMsl MomyyaeT oT TpezNpuaATHA-HsroTOBHTeIA. B TexHWYecKOM 3a2aHHH TepeYHCACHE! OCHOBHBIe TpeOoBaHHa: CHNOBBIC, rabapHTHBIe, SKOHOMMYECKHe, 3pro- HOMMUCCKHE Vi Jp., KOTOpbIe JOMKHbI ObITL OGecieyeHbI Mp MpoeKTHpoBaHHH. 3amaHMe Ha KYypcOBOii MpoeKT MOXHO paccMaTpHBaTb KaK YacTb peabHOrO TexHWyecKoro 3ayjaHia. OHO MOXCT, HallpHMep, IIpescTaBIATh co6oii KMHeMaTHYeCKyIO cxemy MpHBoya (BKI04ad cxemy pesyKTOpa) C HCXO/HBIMH NaHHBIMH. CyleqyeT BEI- TIOMHUTL HeOOXOJHMBIe pacueTsI, BbIOpaTh HaWyUe MapaMeTpbl CXeMbI H paspabo- TaTb KOHCTPYKTOpCKy JOKyMenTamMto (YepTex OOIeTo BHMa, YepTexH COopouHEIX eMHHL M MeTalei, MosCHHTeNbHYIO 3aTIMcKy Hi Op.), NpeAHAsHaYeHHYto JIA HSTOTOB- JeHMA MpHBona. Mcxogzune manne (puc. 1.1, a—z): F (H)—oxpyxnaa cuna Ha 6apabaHe TeHTOWHOFO WIM Ha 3Be3OUKe WelHOrO KOHBelicpa; v (M/c) — CKopocTb ABYXKCHHA NeHTbI WIM Wen; Ds (MM) —HaMeTp GapaGaHa; Z,, —4HcnO sy6beB Psy (MM) — War TATOBOM 3Be3104KH; (pac. 1.1, d—2«): T, (H-M) —spamaioupit Moment Bm, (sane BpalleHHA BIXOMHOTO Balla pemyKTopa. BuiGop anektpogpurarena. Jia BEiGopa WeKTpPoABUTaTeAA ONpesesmoT TpebyeMy10 TO MOUIHOCTE M YacTOTY BpallleHHs. Tlorpe61aemy1o MoumocTs (KBr) mpHBosa (MOLIHOCTS Ha BEIXOJe) OMpese MOT No qbopmyzie: a P,= Fy/10°. Torna Tpe6yeMaa MOUIHOCTS aneKTpOLBHraTesA Ps, xp = Ps/Noom TAC Noom = 1 12 73 + Baech m1, Ta, 3) «-- —KIT omembynix sBcHbes KuHeMaTH4ecKoll uerM, OpMeHTHpOBOYHbIe 3HayeHMA KOTOPLIX C YYCTOM NoTepbh B NOMMIMITHMKAX MOXKHO TIpHHMMats no Taba. 1.1. Ec Ha JaHHoM sane pa6orii sarpyaHMTembHo onpemenHTL NepeslaTodHoe 4Hc0 YepBAYHOH NepetayM, To npesBapuTeMbHO MOXHO NpuHsTS y = 0,8. Tpe6yemas wacTota BpallleHMA Bala SeKTpomBMTaTeIA Nop = My Ut Uren 5 Tie Wy, up, ... —MepemaTouHbie ¥oua KMHeMaTHYeCKHX Tap Manes. TipeapapvtesbHo BbIMMcImOT YacTOTY BpalleHHs ”,, MAH “' MpHBogHOTO Bana (puc. 1.1, a —2) #1 BuIxonHoro Bana pemykTopa (pyc. I-1, d —2«): 5ny = 6-10" 0/(mDe) w0H 1, = 6-104 v/(nDyx), r€ Dsy = Psy/Sin(180°/%,) — aMaMeTp TATOBOH SBe3N0UKH, MM. PeKoMeHJyeMbIe 3Ha- YeHHA NepedarouHIX UHC Upex TIPHHHMaLOT Mo Taba. 1.2. Ta6auna 1d ‘Tim nepenasat a Sy6taraa (¢ onopama, saKperran): iworMupHeckas 0,96...0,98 Kowmyeckast 0,95...0,97 Thranerapsas (saxpsrras)= onmoctynenyaras aByxcTynentarast Mepaauiaa (sakpirraa) mpH NepenaTouHoM wnerte: cp. 30 0,7..0,8 ca. 14 710 30 0,75...0,85 en. 8 110 14 0,8..0,9 Pemennas (sce THI) 0,94...0,96 Henas 0,92...0,95 Mygra coeauumrensiat 0,98 Tlommerauxa Kavenna (omHa napa) 0,99 a) oP eS nee mg Te Puc. 1.1 6Ta6auna 12 ‘Bua nepenain ‘Teepnocts sy6nen Tepenaromioe cro Has. Sa SyGuaras LOLTMApHYECKas: THXOXOMHAM CTYTCHD BO BCEX $350 HB 63 ‘pemyktopax (1p) 40...56 HRG, 63 - 56...63 HRC, 5,6 GuicTpoxonHas cTyneHb B pestyKropax no paspep-| < 350 HB 8 HyTOH cxeme (us) 40...56 HRC, a 56...63 HRC, 63 Guctpoxomias ctyneHb B coocHoM pemykTope (us)| _< 350 HB 40...56 HRC, a 56..63 HRC; 63 Kopo6xa nepezay Jho6aa 315 Kowuyeckaa sySvatast <350 HB 63 240 HRC, 5 epaaiias . 80 Henmas = 4 Pemennan _ = Jlanee no 1a6a. 24.9 nox6upator sneKTpomBHratesb c MOMHOCTEIO P, KBT Hi YacTOTOH BpaleHHs 1, MMH! poTopa GIMKAMUIHMM K P, 7p Hyp. [pH nonGope P nonycKaetca Mleperpy3ka ABHratens Jo 8 % pu NocTosHHOH H Do 12 % mp NepeMeHHoit Harpy3ke. Moxer nony4Tbca TaK, YTO TpeSyeMad YacTOTA Mr») OKAXKCTCA MpHMcpHO B cepegMHe Mey ABYMA CTaHapTHBIMH 3Ha4eHHAMH. Tora clleayeT cpaBHHTb pa3Mepbt o6ovx ABurateneii. OGosHa¥eHHs ABMraTeneli B TaOn. 24.9 conepxaT WBe WIM TPH uMdpsl, Nocie KoTopbix npHBexeHb! GyKsEi, HanpuMmep: 90L, 1005, 112M. Liadpamn o6osHa4eH pasMep A — BBICOTa OCH Balla OT OMOPHOM MOBepXHOCTH JanoK WBHTaTeIA. STH wHdpsl Xapaktepusylor Takxke M JpyrHe pa3sMepbl sneKTpospuratens. PekomMeH- AYIOT BHIOMpaTh BeKTPONBHTAaTeb C MCHBIMM 4YHCIOM B O6O3HAYCHHH (Cc MeHbILeii BbICOTOH A). Macca, pa3Mepbi W CTOMMOCTb TaKoro J{BHTAaTe4 MeHBLIC. ’ Ecam xe 370 YHclo y o6oux ABHTaTeTei OMMHAKOBOe, Hallo BbIOpaTb MBUTaTeM Cc MeHBUIeH YacToTOH BpallicHHa Baa. Macca, pasMepbl H CTOMMOCTS O6ONX ZBHTaTeTeH TIPUMepHo ODMHaKOBEIe, a TepeLaTOUHbIe YCia Hi, CHeMOBATEHO, pasMepsI MepeqayH GynyT MeHBule. Tipamep. BuGpats anextpoasuratens aa MpHBona NeHTOMHOTO KoHBeHepa (pc. 1.2): F = 10 000H; ¥=0,63 m/c; Ds = 500 Mm. TepmooGpaGorka syGvatiix Konec peaykropa — yaysIleHMe (TBepLOCTS syGbeD < 350 HB). Pewenue, MouHOCT® Ha BBIXONe Ps = Fy/10° = 10.000 + 0,63/10? = 6,3 xBT. OSustt KITA npitpona vnosar = na 03? Me Nom me na— KILL uemtoit nepenatar; 17s — KIT syGuatott mepenay; mu — KI mydmay; nex — KILL onop npBonHoro Bara To ta6a. 1.1: qa = Torna 93; a= 0,97; Me = 0,98; tor = 0,99. nosim= 0,93 * 0,97 0,98 © 0,99 =0,849. Tpe6yemad MOMHOCT siexTpomHraTena Paap = Pa/nobm = 6,3/0,849 = 7,42 KBr. 7 :Yacrota BpamleH¥a NpHpomoro Bala ny = 6 + 10*v/(nDo) = 6 + 10° +, 0,63/(3,14 - 500) = 24,1 Man Tpebyenyo yacTory ppanlenmt Bana anext- PORBHTATETA BAIYHCAIMM, NosCTARNAA B opMysty a Noxp CPeAMHE SHAYeHMA TepelaTOMHEX YHCE 13 PeKOMeHYeMOrO jMaNAIOHA JU eMHOl HM MByx ay6uarbox nepesart (146. 1.2), Puc. 1.2 acy = Mdduthtas = 24,1 + 2,25 + 4,3 + 4,4 = 1026 won, TAE My — HeperaTOHoe YMCTO LeNHOH Mlepenay; wr H ue — nepenarounDie YHeHa THXOXOANOH H Gsierpo- Xoo cryneHelt nvoTuHNpIrYeCKOTO ABYXCTYTEHTATORO peslYKTOPA. To ran. 24.9 sisGupuese sxextpogsurarens AHPL32M6: P= 7,5 KBr; n= 960 mitt” Yrouvenwe nepematounbix ycer npuBosa. Mocre BeiGopa n onpenersor obuee NepegaTouHoe WcAO MpHBoAa Moony = / Py. Tlony¥cHHoe pacueTom obice NepezaTouHoe YHCIO pacnpesemaloT MEXKITY peYK- TOpOM DpyTHMH NepesavaMv, MexXTY OTIeLHBIMH CTyNeHAMH peylykTopa. Ecnv B KMHeMaTHYecKoli CXeMe KpoMe penyKTopa (KOpoOKM Tepes) wMeeTes ena WIM peMeHHas Nepesaya, To MpemBapHTeALHO Ha3HayeHHoe MepegaTouHoe HCHO Nepeway He H3MeHAIOT, NPHHMMAA Uy = Uy WK Uy = Uy, A YTOVHDOT Nepesa- TOUHOe HCHO pesyKTOpa Myon = Wotsa/ - Ecam B CXeMe NpHBosa OTcyTcTRYeT peMeHHasd WIM WeMHad Mepegaya, To nepena- ‘TOUHOS YHCIIO pemyKTOpa Upea = Mos TlepegaTouHble 4Hcna up ObICTPOXOMHOM W uy THXOXOMHOM cTyneHelt AByXcTyNeH- ¥aTbIX peAYKTOPOB oMpeseAMOT Mo cooTHOMIeHHAM Taba. 1.3. Yacrorbi BpauleHMA BaOB KOpoboK Mepenay NpelcTaBIMOT TeoMeTpHYeCKy!O Tiporpeccmo co 3HaMeHaterem ~. Ect MMHMMauIbHad YacTOTa BpallieHHa Basia 1, TO APYtHe YacTOTEI BpALleHAs: ny = m9; Ns = nyo? = Myg; Ny = yg? = MQ UT. W B o6em Bue Mm = Ni. Han6oace ynorpe6ntenbHpl 3HateHHA @ = 1,41; 1,34; 1,25; 1,18. Ta6anua 13 Penyxrop Grewal Tlepeaarounoe ancz0, = Se pyxctynentatiit 110 paswepHyrou * % cxeme Ae asp Syed 0,88 Vig, Anyxctynensariit coocutit 09 Va,Tipodoancenue mab. 1.3. Penyxrop Crema’ Tlepenmtouoe a070 Hg up Aleyxctynenvarnit coocrstit ¢ BHyT- peHHWM sauenneHem 2Nu Yl Ms Koxwuecko-1yuIMHpHtecKHtit Uyg/ ty 0,08 Vie Lwinnapitecko-seppasnesit 1,6...3,15 TLianetapanit ayxctynenyaritit: ui, $25 4 seams ws< ue <63 Uyeq/ 63. 6,3 lpg > 63 10 O41 they Tipumep. Yrounurb nepemarowHHe Yea NpHBOTa NO pesyibratam Mpemeuyuero NpHMepa (pHe. 1.2). Pewenue, Umeem rs = 24,1 mait!, n= 960 Mant Tora Usgaq = 2/M, = 960/24,1 = 39,83. Tepenarownoe ¥HcH0 HeMHOH mepenaH ua = 2,25, Tora MepenaTourtoe Heo peryKTopa Use = MG/M = 39,83/2,25 = 17,70. Tlo dbopmyzam m3 Taba. 1.3 mee: Ug = 0,88 Vii = 0,88 V17,70 = 3,7; Ug = Uagy/ Mp = 17,70/3,7 = 4,78. Onpexenenne spautaiouux MoMeHTOB Ha Banax mpuBona. Ilocne onpeneneHna TepesaTouHBIX “HceN cTYTeHeH peaykTopa (KOpO6KH Tepesad) BLIIMCAMOT TaCTOTEI BpaleHHa H BpalWlalouMe MOMeHTBI Ha Balax TepezayH. Yacmoma epawenua Baila KONeca THXOXOMHO! CTYNCHH Nor = Malas Ecam B 3aiaHHoii cxeme orcyrerayer peMeHHad WIM UermHad nepesaya, TO nyt = =n, Yactota ppallleHva Balla WecTepHH THXOXOsHOH cTyMeHH (Balla Komeca GbicTpo- XOMHOM CTyNeHH ABYXCTyNeHYaToro pezyKTOpa) mr (Mp) = Morr. Yactora BpalleHMa Bata WecTepHH OLICTpOXoMHO!t cTyNeHH mp = Mpup. Bpawarnwuti momenm (H *M) Ha MpMBosHoM Bay T, = 10° FDo/2 wat T, = 10° FDy,/2. Monenr Ha Bary Koseca THXOXOmHO! cTyneHN penyKTopa 9Top = To/ MontipMp) W504 Toy = Te/ (Mon nln), THE Non — KIL onop npupoatoro wana; ny, ny H up, 4 — coorgercraeHHo KIT u TlepedaTOuHOe YAMCNO peMeHHOHt WIH LeMHOM nepenag. TIpH otcytcTBHH STHX Mepeya4 B CxeMe NpHBosa (3fech yy, — KILL mydret) Tor = Te/ (ron) Bpautaioumiii MoMeHT Ha Bay IecTepHH THXOXORHOi cTyneHM (Ha Bay Komeca GbICTPOXOAHON CTYTICHK pesyKTOpa) Ti Tos) = Tar/(narer), Tne ngt — KILL sy6uatoii neperaq THXOXOsHO! cTyMeHH pexyKropa. Moment Ha bay iwecrepHM 6:icTpoxomHoli cryneHn Tis = Tos/(napus), rae n35 — KI sy6uatoii nepezam Obictpoxo_Holi cryneHn penyKTopa.Taasa 2 PACYET 3YBUATHIX HM YEPBAWHDIX TTEPEXAY flocxe onpeseveHHa Bpallatouyix MOMeHTOB H YacTOT BpallleHid BasOB BLINIONHA- JOT OCHOBHOH NpoeKTHBM pacueT nepenay. 2.1. PACUET 3YBYATHIX MEPEAD Ucxogubie anu bie: 7; —Bpauiaoumi Moment Ha wectepHe, H* M; m — yacToTa BpalleHH WecTepH¥, MMH"; “ — MepeflaToUHoe YHCIO; cXeMa TepeqaqH; Ly — Bpema paGorst nepenamnt (pecype), 4. Bebop TeepaoctH, TepmuyecKoi OOpaGoTKH H MaTepHaaa Konec. B 3aBvicHMOcCTH OT BHAa HENNA, yCHOBHH ero SKcTyaTaUMH H TpeboBaHMit K rabapHTHEIM pasMepaM BplOMpaloT HeOOXOMHMY!O TBepLOcTb KOec H MaTepHatbl Wd ux W3roToBeHHa. Jaa CWOBEIX Mepesay allie Bcero NpHMeHAOT cTatH. TlepetayH co cTabHBIMH 3yO4aTEIMH KONecaMH MMelOoT MHHHMaibHyio Maccy M raGapHTbl, TeM MeHbUIMe, 4YeM BbIe TBepdoctb pabounx MoBepXxHocTeli 3y6LeB, KOTOpad B CBOIO Opes 3ABMCHT OT MapKH cTam M BapHaHTa TepMHYecKolt OGpaborKH (Ta6x. 2.1). Ta6anua 21 ‘Mapxa craim [TepmooGpaGorxa] — Tlpeemsiaie pasmepst Toepaoers sy6sen oy, Mila SAFOTOBKM, MM Dy | Sp ‘Beepmenme [ya nosepxnocrs 45 Yayaurenne 125 80 235262 HB | 235—262 HB 540 Yayunrenme 80 50 269—302 HB | 269—302 HB 650 40X Yayamenne | 200 125 235—262 HB | 235—262 HB 640 Yayautenne | 125 80 269—302 HB | 269—302 HB 750 Yayamenne # | saxatka TBY | 125 80 269302 HB | 45—50 HRC, 750 40XH, | Yayuurenme | 315 200 235—262 HB | 235—262 HB 630 35XM_— | Yayumenne | 200 125 269-302 HB | 269—302 HB 750 Yayauenne 1 sakwika TBY | 200 125 269302 HB | 4353 HRC, 750 40XHMA, | Yaynuenme wu) 125 80 269302 HB | 50-56 HRC, 780 38X2MI0A | asoTHponaHne 20X, Yaysmenue,| 200 125 300—400 HB | 56—63 HRC, 800 20XH2M, | uemenvams 18XIT, | saxanka 12XH3A, 25XPM Ha mpakTHKe B OCHOBHOM MIpHMeHAIOT CACAYIOWMe BapHaHTbl TepMHYCCKOli o6pa6orku (T.0.): I —v1.0 Koneca — yayumenne, TBepfoctt 235...262 HB; 7.0. wectepaa — yaya- menue, TEepmocTs 269...302 HB. Mapxss craneii oMMHaKOBEI JuIa KosIeca M lecTapHH: u45, 40X, 40XH, 35XM u ap. 3y6ba Konec u3 yryamaembix cTaneit xopoulo npupata- TEIBAIOTCA HW He NOABePKeNBI XPYNKOMY paspyleHHIO, HO HMcIOT OrpaHHYeHHy!o HarpysouHyio croco6HocTs. IpuMenmor B ciabo- H cpezHeHarpyxkKeHHBIx Nepesayax. OGnacm> npumenenua yayxwenhox syG4uambex Konec coKpauaentcs. Il—t.o. Koneca —yayauenne, TRepfocts 269...302 HB; 7. 0. mecrepaa — yaywmenue 4 3akanka TB, Tsepfoct, noBepxHocTK B 3aBMCHMOCTH OT MapKH cTaH (cm. 1a6n. 2.1) 45...50 HRC,, 48...53 HRC,. Tsepgocns cepaulesuiia 3y6a coorBeTeTByeT TepmMoobpa6orke yaysmenne. Mapu ctaseii onmiaxonsl 214 Koneca u wectepHu: 40X, 40XH, 35XM u ap. > TIL —7.0, Koaeca 4 mectepaH ofMHakoBasl — yaysmienue H 3akanka TB, Teep- OCT MOBEPXHOCTH 8B 3ABMCMMOCTH OT MapKH cram: 45...50 HRC, 48...53 HRC. Mapku ctanei osMHakosbl 1214 Koueca H WecerepHH: 40X, 40XH, 35XM wu ap. TV —r.o. Koneca — yayumienwe H 3aKanka TB4, TeepgocTs nopepxHocTH B 3aBMCHMocTH oT MapKH craTH (Tab. 2.1) 45...50 HRC,, 48...53 HRC,; 7.0. mecrepia —yaywulenne, TemenTauHA H 3aKaNKa, TBepsocTh NoBepxHocTH 56...63 HRC,. Matepuaa wecrepxu — craau Mapox 20X, 20XH2M, 18XIT, 12XH3A u ap. V —T.o. Koneca H MecTepHH ONMHAaKoBad — yayUMenHe, WeMeHTaNMa H 3aKANKa, TBepyocTs NopepxHocTH 56...63 HRC,. Lemenrauua (mopepxHoctTHoe HacbiWieHue yrmeponom) c Nocrenyiomleli 3aKanKoli Hapsy ¢ GosbWOii THEPOCTHIO MOBe PXHOCTHBIX choes ObecnewBaeT M BbICOKYIO NpouHocTs 3yObes Ha H3rH6. MapKu cTateit onMHa- KOBBI JA Kosleca MW WectepHu: 20X, 20XH2M, 18XIT, 12XH3A, 25XTM wu ap. KpoMe YeMeHTalHH MpHMeHsIOT TaKKe HTpoMeMeHTanmMe (TREpAOCTE TloBepx- Hocm 56...63 HRC,, ctamm mMapox 25XIM, 30XIT) 1 a3ormposanwe (TBepnocTb nloepxHoct 58...67 HRC,, cram” MapoK 38X2MIOA, 40XHMA). Tp nogepxHocTHoii TepMHYeCKOH WIM XHMMKO-TepMHYecKoli O6paboTKe 3y6beB Me@XaHWYecKMe XapaKTepHCTHKH CepaLleBHHLI 3y6a ompeferaeT mpesuiecTByiomad TepMHYeckad ObpaborKa (yaysueHHe). * Hecywyaa cnocobnocms 3y6uamwx nepeday no KoAmakmuoil npouxocmu mem erie, 4eMm @bilue nosepxKocmHaR meepdocmd 3ybvee. TlozToMy Uenecoo6pa3sHo NpHMeHeHHe TIOBCPXHOCTHOTO TepMHYecKOTO WIM XHMHKO-TepMH4ecKOTO ypowHeHHA. STA BHI YNPOUHEHHA MO3BOMMOT B HECKONSKO pas NOBICHTS Harpy30uHylO crocobHocTS nepeqas No cpaBHeHmio c yayuitiaembimm Cranamu. Hanpumep, JomycKaemble KOH- TaKTHbIe HanpsKeHna {o];7 LEMeHTOBAHHDIX sy6uaTLIX Kosec B Aba pasa NpeBbIWalor 3HayeHHa [o]y Komec, NOZBeprHyTbIX TepMHYeCKOMY YIVIUIeHHIO, 4TO No3BOAAeT YMCHBINMT Maccy B YeTbIpe pasa. Osnako npw HasHayeHim TeepsocTH pabounx nosepxHocteit syOben crenyer MMeTb B BYLY, 470 6oabweli meepdocmu coomeemcmayem bonee cao+#KHAA MexHONOZUA UZz0OM0B- AenuA syO4aMbIX KONEC Mable pasMepbI Mepeyay (TO MOXeT IIpHBECTH K TpyHOCTAM TIP KOHCTpyKTHBHOIt paspaborke yaa). Jlonyckaemmie KOHTAKTHHe HanpmKeHHA [o]}q) Wd WecrepHH HM [o]yq Dia Komeca onpeseAMor No obtiei saBvicHMOcTH (HO ¢ MO{cTAHOBKOM COOTBeTCTBYIONIMX Mapa- MeTPOB WIA WecTepHH H KONeca), YUVTHIRAA WIMAAMe Ha KONTaKTHYIO NpowHocTs HoaropeyHoctH (pecypca), WepoxoBaTocTH conpsraeMbix NoBepxHocteli syObep H OKPYXHOH CKOpocTH: [oli = opimZyZpZy/ Sis. Tipeges Konak Tai BLHOCAMBOCTH Op jm BEITACI MOT DO SMIMPHYECKHM (PopMy7aM B SABHCHMOCTH OT MaTepHasia M croco6a TepMHYecKol O6paboTKH 3y6yaToro Koseca H cpemeli TRepnocTu (HB,, 11m HRC, ¢p) Ha MlopepxHoctu sy6bep (ra6a. 2.2). 12Ta6auma 22 ‘Croco repsariecxol war | Cpems meepaocts na Cran Oem MIT 2aDUMo-TepaaTIecKoH O6pa- THoRepKHoCTH Gonat Yayaurenne <350 HB Yeneponwera wt 7e- 2 HB, +70 Tosepxsoctuaa saxan- 40...56 HRC, Taponarad IT HRC, , + 200 ka emerrramast > 56 HRC, Jeraposarntan 23 HRC, , Asoruponanne > 52 HRC, 1050 MvnuMambHnie 3HateHHd Koadibuumenta 3anaca mpownocTH IIs syGyaTEX Kosec ¢ ofHOpomHOli cTpyKTypoli MaTepHalia (yIYWeHHBIX, OObeMHO-saKaIeHHBIX) Sq = 1,1; ayia sy64aTEIX KOsIeC C NOBEpXHOCTHBIM ynpowHeHHem Sy = 1,2. Koothuuseut jonrosewocta Zy yauTbIBacT BIMAHHe pecypca Zy= VNire/ Mi pa yonounn 1 < Zy < Zyinae 2.1) ‘Uncao Nyg UMKNOoB, cooTBeTCTRYIOIIee NepesoMy KpHBOM YcTAOCTH, ONpeenAIOT MO cpenHeli TBepfocTu NoBepxHocteit 3yGben: Nag = 30HBep"&12 + 10’. Tsepgocts B eqMHHuax HRC, nepesogat B enmnuupt HB: HRC 45 47 4850 51 53 38 6 62 65 HB 425 440 460-480-495 522, 540, 600 620670 Pecype Ny Nepelad B Wuchax HMKIOB TepeMeHsI HanpskeHMii NIpH YacToTe BpallleHHa 1, MMH"! M BpeMeHH paOors! Ly, Yac: : Ni = 60nny Ly, THe ny — YHCHO BXOXICHHIi B 3alleTMICHHe sy6a paccuMTEIBAeMOTO KoNIeca 3a ONMH ero o6opor (4UcHeHHO paBHo YHCTY Kosec, HaXOMAUPAXCA B SalleTMIeHWM ¢ paccuMThIBac- MBIM), putc. 2.1. B o6mjem cnyyae cymMapHoe spema L, (B 4) paGoTbI Mepemaum BEMMcIMOT 10 opmyze Ly = L365 Kyon24 Keyry rye L—vncno ner paGorsi; Krog — Kost vuveHT roqoworo UcroMb30BAaHHA Tepe- nam; Key; — KoxHUMeHT CyTONHOTO HcTONb3ORAHHA MepezayTH. B coorpeTcTBHM ¢ KpHBOM ycTanocTu HalipsxKeHHA Oy He MOryT MMeTb 3HayeHHii MeHBIIMX Oyjim. ostomy np Ny > Ngg npaHwMatot Ny, = Nag. ZL14 WmTenbHo paboTalommx bEicrpoxonHBIx nepezay N, 2 Nag hi, cleqoBaTebHO, Zy = 1, «70 M yauTBmaer MepBEI sHak HepaperictBa B bopmyze (2.1). Bropoit Hak HepaBeHCTBa OrpaHM4HBaeT JorycKaeMBble HalipsrxKeHMA lo YCuOBHIO MpenoTBpallleHHst TlacTH4ecKoHt DecbopMalMM WIM XpyMIKOTO paspyllieHHA MOBepXHOCTHOTO CIO#: Zymax = = 2,6 MIA MaTepHanoB c ofHOpomHOil crpykKTypoit (yIyWMeHHEIX, obbeMHO-3aKalIeH- HBIX) H Zymax = 1,8 M18 ToBepXHOCTHO-yNpOHEHHBIX MaTepHalos (3akatka TBU, UeMeHTalMA, asoTHpoBaHHe). Koadhunnent Zp, yIMTHIBAIOIM BAMAHHE IepOxOBaTOCTH COMpPAKCHHLIX NOBep- xHocteii sy6beB, NPHHMMaIOT A sy6¥aTOrO Komeca NapbI c 6onee rpy6olt noBepx- HOCTBIO B 3aBHCHMOcTH oT napametpa Ra wepoxoBatocTH (Zp = 1—0,9). Boabume 133HaYCHHA COOTBETCTBYIOT LUAMOBaHHEIM MH TOM- POBAHHBIM NoBepxHocTaM (Ra = 0,63...1,25 MKM). Kooouusent Z, yautsaeT BAHaAHHe OKpyxHOii exopoctu V (Z, = 1...1,15). Menpuine sHaserna coor- BeTCTBYOT TBepAbIM MepetayaM, pa6oraioulMM mp MalibiX OKPyKHBIX cKopocTax (V.n0 5 m/c). pu 6onee BBICOKHX 3HaYCHHAX OKPyKHOH CKOPOCTH BO3HHKaIOT AYULMe YCHOBHA JA CO3TAHMA Hale:KHOTO MacITHOTO culOA MeXKIY KOHTAKTHPYIOWWHMH MOBePXHOCTAMH 3y6b- eB, YTO NOSBOMACT NOBbICHTS ONycKaeMble Harips- 2KeHMA: Zy= 0,85V"" >1, npu H < 350HB; Zy= 0,925V 2 1, npu H > 350HB. Aonycxaemoe nanpacenue {o}y; daa yuaundpuxeckux u KonunecKux nepeda4 cnpamoumit sy6samu pacHo MeHbueny Us ConycKaemox HanpaxKenuil uecmepHu [o}y, H Koneca [a]. Aba yunundpureckux u Konuyeckux nepeday c Henpamemu ayOsanu 6 censu c pacnonoxmenuen aunuu KoKmaxma nod yenom K noalocoll Aunuu donyckaembie HanpANceHUA MODKHO noBbicumb Oo 3HAYEHUA: lola = 0,45((ohi1 + [o]i2) 2 (limins TIP BEITIONHEHMH YcnOBHA: Dla WHIMHOpHeckux nepesay [o}y < 1,25[o}xminas Ba KOHHYeCKHX Tepenay [o]y < 1,15-[C]Hmins rae [o]Hmin — MeHbutee H3 DByx: fo], [o}u- Jonyckaemmie nanpaKenna H3rH6a 3yOLeR wecTepHH [co] _ 1 Koneca [o} ~ onpese- AAOT To O6uleli 3aBHCHMOCTH (HO C MOCTaHOBKOH COOTBETCTBYIOWUAX MapaMeTPos JIA WCCTepHH M KoNIcca), YYMTHIBad BIMAHMe Ha CONPOTHBIeHHe ycTalocTH MpH MsrHGe AosToBesHiocTH (pecypca), UIepOxOBaTOCTH MOBepxXHOCTH BbIKpy%KKH (MepexonHoit NOBEPXHOCTH Mexly CMCXKHLIMH 3yOLAMH) H peBepca (JBycTOpoHHero NpHioxkeHua) Harpy3KkH: ° lole= Cin fw¥a¥a/Sp Tipenex sinocamsocta Cain IPH OTHYIeBOM UMKe HanpsKeHMi BLTHHCAAOT TO 9MHpHYecKHM cbopmyaM (Taba. 2.3). : TaGauma 23 ‘Cocos TepsarveckoH wm xenaxo- | ‘Tpymtia cranelt ‘Trepnocrs sy6sen rm Mila Teprarteckolt o6pa6oTa a nosepiiocTu | _n cepmemnne ‘Yaynnenne 45, 40X, <350 HB <350 HB 1,75 HB, 40XH, 35XM 3axanka TBY no xomrypy sy6ben__| 40X, 40XH, | 4852 HRC, | 27—35 HRC, | 600—700 Gaxanka TRY exnosnaa(m<3mm)| _35XM__ [4852 HRC, | 4852 HRC, | 500600 Hemerrranns 20X, 750—800 Tementanma ¢ apTomaTH4ecKHm ce S7—62 HRC, | 30—45 HRC, | 350-950 PeryaHpoBalitem nportecca 2M, 12XH3A AaorHposanHe 38X24H0A) <67 HRC, | 24—40 HRC, | 12 HRC, + 40XHMA_ +296" 14MunumarbHple 3Havenna KoadHNMeHTa 3alaca NPOYHOCTH: JIT LeMeHTOBAHHbIX V1 HMTpOlleMeHTOBAHHEIX SyOuaTEIX KoNec — Sp= 1,55; qt OcTaNbHEIX — Sp= 1,7. Koaunvent yonropeqnocra Yy yuurstBaeT BIMSHMe pecypca: Yy= N Neo/Ng, npu yenosun: 1 < Yy < Yymaxs (2.2) rae Yymax = 44 q = 6 —ana yayamenHEr sy6aaTEx Komec; Yymax = 2,5 1 g=9 mia 3aK@JICHHBIX H MOBEPXHOCTHO YIPOYHCHHIX 3y6neB. UHcI0 UMKIOB, COOTBETCTBYIOIIee mlepesiomy KpHBoii yeranoctu, Npg = 4-10°. Hasayenustii pecype N;, BbravcnmoT Tax Ke, KaK HW TIpH pacteTax To KOHTaKTHRIM HanpsDKeHHaM. B coorsetcTsuv c KpHBoii ycTaiocTu HanpsXKeHHA op He MOTyT HMeTb 3HaYeHHit MCHBUIAX O fim. Tostomy mpu MN; > Neg upunumator Ny = Neo. Alia gantesbHo paGoraounx 6bicTpoxomHEIX Nepenay N;, > Npg H, clelOBaTenbHo, Yy= 1, 410 m yanTbIBaet Neppptii Hak HepabeHcTsa B (2.2). Bropoli Hak HepaneHCTBA orpaHWMpaeT JonycKaemble HalpsxXeHHA To ycNOBMIO MpenOTBpallleHHA TyacTHec- KOH AedopMallun WIM xpylikoro paspyweHHa 3y6a. Kosdounnent Yp, yoHTHBAIOWIM BIMAHHE WepoxoBRaTOCTH MepexonHOi ToBepx- HOCTH Mexay sy6baMH, NpHHHMaioT: Yp= 1 mpx uLIHdoBaHHH H 3y6odpeseponaHHA ¢ MapaMerpoM iepoxopatoctu Rz <40 MKM; Yr=1,05...1,2 mp nowmpopaHHH (6onbume 3Ha4¥eHHA IpM yRYaeHMM HM Mocie 3aKankH 1B 4). Koodpunnent Y, yantsibaer BIMAHHE JBYCTOPOHHETO NPHAOKEHHA Harpy3KH (peBep- ca). [pu omHocToponHem mpHoxenHM HarpysKH Y,= 1. [pu pesepcuBHom Harpy- 2XKCHHH H OJHHAKOBHIX Harpy3Ke H YHCNe WMKIOB HarpyXKeHHA B TIpAMOM H O6paTHOM HanpaBleHHv (HanpliMep, 3y6ba caTeWIMTa B WiaHeTapHo Nepenaue): Y,= 0,65 — (UIA HOpMan30BaHABIX M yrysMeHHE craneit; Y,=0,75 —s1a saKaneHHBIX # WeMeHTOBAHHEIX; Y= 0,9 — aia asoTHpowaHHBIX. ‘Yuer pexHma Harpy Kenia NPA oNpefeneRHH jOMycKaemMbiX HatpsKenuit. Ha puc. 2.2 POXKHM HarpyKeHHa Nepelay xapakTepusyeT UMKIOrpaMMa MOMeHTOB, KoTOpad NpeacTaBiaeT B MopauKXe yOLIBaHHA Bpallalolllve MOMeHTHI 7), LeHicTByIOLUMe B TeYeHHe oTpa6orkH 3alaHHoro pecypca N,. LaxsorpaMMa NosBorAeT OMpexeIHTb My — Tpo- DOKMTEILHOCTE (B WHK1aXx HarpyXeHH1) JelicTBHa MoMeHTa 7; npH YacTore BpalleHHia ny, a TaxKe Ny, — npovomkKHTeIbHOcTs (B LMKax HarpyxKeHMa) JeiicTB¥A MOMCHTOB, Gomumx T;. B pacyetax Ha CONpoTMBleHMe yctalocTH DelicTBMe KpaTKOBpeMeHHOTO MOMeHTa neperpy3KH Try, He YYMTbIBaIOT, a Gakmuueckuil nepemennoil pexcum nazepyenul 3AMeHAIOM IKBHBANCRTHEIM (110 YCTAOCTHOMY BO3I¢HiCTBHIO) HOCTOAHHEIM PeXHMOM C HOMUHaAbHELM Momenmom T (HaMOONbIIHM M3 JUMTeNHO HelictayioumMx: T= T;= Trax Ha puc. 2.2) u skeueanenmuoun 4ucaom Ng yukaoe naepyoenus. B pacuetax Ha KOHTAKTHYI0 BLIHOCJIMBOCT TepeMeHHOCT pexKHMa HarpyxkeHuit YAHTEIBAIOT IPH ONpedeneHHH KOSUUeHTAa JOMTOBeYHOCTH Zy : BMecTO Ha3sHayeH- Horo pecypca N;, NoXctaBlAIOT SKBHBATeHTHOe YHCIO UAKIOB Nyg : Ty Nae = AN, Te ba = DG | 7 | Tax B pacueraX Ha BbIHOCIMBOCTh pH M3rH6e fia onpeneneHHA KosdbduuMeHTa AonropewHocTH Yy BMecto N, HocTaBIMOT SKBHBAeHTHOe THCIO WAKIOB Neg mm Ly Ly q; Nee= wep Tae wr = DG 1. 7° Trax TIpH noctosHHol YactorTe BpallleHHa Ha BCeX YpOBHAX Harpy3kKH (7 = 1) OTHO- wenne 1,L;,/(nL,) paBHoueHHo OTHOMEHHIO Ly/Ly WI My Ny Ha ocHose cratucTwyeckoro aHaJIM3a HarpyXXCHHOCTH paxM4HbIX MallMH ycTa- 15