The Analysis Of Vavionce..(ANDVA) The 7 of variance -.. sped as the procedure yf mans fo . whith Lhe Aetal variably ga set % (lab, measure by Me otal Sums Suave 5 partilieusd in to Components Lhal measure differeect sourel t vaviatren, This procedure mus perils he. olecompositisn 4 GL bum. G tyuare. in Ah Componaut sum of Syuave | which arc. covrespouctivg Ab Ahe veo or serperted . Beever t variatien, Tha echn yur & based apon te fetoving fevers f hg greater Lhe otaparlave g te being he veluos green Me wean Me grok wold be. Me Vavience. at i Me Cemporaecly provicle jnckepoudaul 23limales 4 Vvaviance eucabling Ao ope F Lisl, have Me Comparision of lease Comporouts provielig Wr 4 tel S ha pethe-sis Anal Severn maoug ave _ cule on Lhe avenge. The eechniyue Aralysi 7 vaviaww 4 spol. © ander ‘the jell apamplos. Assumptions of Analysis 4 Vaviauce. ee Tee ke" parent popekations are normaly Abbi bebd eee es ee a Ve3. The Population hone ape aud abe Vayianced, §.. Me afyeebs ave. adolitive 2-€ » Oy Sat GH Gp wher = des - b Ake 1Lh obeermntion ym jth Cpeolnsut. HX 4 overall mean a" as jth Lreatmoeat ffee6 = Ey youtom ° eyvyoy Components. _ . N ore:- : on id a = %4+Bx+ € : iW Ga Ax bx. = i) GU Lhe Prebablud« model rn which € 5 yanelew ervey Component which cavi assuut ahifhe . evert values ~ ) aud ci) 8 Lhe deleymoke omestel CH eth | Mare, 6 corbrmilp and E cannot bx incl A Assumplious of vouckson evray Compousuk CE) i) Normaly ourtrilutiel i) Errer ave tudepeuclak ci) lobuttly, clatvibubd, | 2 eee E Oey boy prob. detribilien, wo at Gere NIT C9e)« Experimental Uns: - a a kieatmewt & known as experimouta , Degress HY Eveedom. The rember 4 eg rec x prucen 3 clefrncd os Tle number J jokey eval yondern obsovvitias minus (—) number Melk spstriclions impose upon Lhese ebservalraus by Ake manner yn which — ola, hava been organized. For example, ae are ~eaeinel 4 wrk % nambers hal average 25, hove. lwo nambey Can. be Choose grey and Uke xe) one 4 obbained by he relation. ship thal & X= ECM +%4+>%q) HAS Treatment. : Tee tivm Crealnaul 4 broacthy used jin Mhe ae-sign ¢ experimon, Lan tepper to. ang poor Akal Lhe. ercpey! maukoh. Coutrelss , poy example, a Aype 4 Avg, & ne pe. $ heuae past , aalverising Lechaiguss.. pert Lizers ) brands $ procul ete, An eulity Lhal yeejeva. unt. For enampe, an incl vicleal High resis, : a. pal, a vera Aiaines 2Example:- : : beet A pestiside manupa clave wishes ks mpare The HheeS 4 io fone or yet PB. wikd veh ave ranolonely assigned A Yecieve ene f Lhe Lue pee fx vayiab of interest & Ale vol sawiveR Lime in minut after a FiK cameunt 4 poten. Tab hows th. vesalb, | Patron A 7) —_ 38.7 . 35.1 = — 4-4 3b 34.8 38-7 46-6 344 GbO : : 40-8 36.4 BSG Shel - a &hS. ee! qa. t 37-5 43.2 G3. 43-4 39.4 oe 43.3 ae 46.6 ase L aud Anova. . Sols. ; sot i) H, & Aa = 216 Cbeth porous harie tou effet) © Hg aera ( beth hare nel tare Hoel) Deii) uel ¥ Signigi cance X= SK iii) Test statistics 2 ne) = (Hae) 4 oa Po) ing Fe iv) Computaet on - - Le —— z 2 Frvs€ mo gid Xp, Xp Sa» Sy = r Tr Xa Xe (ha ay? | Cre - Ka)? |” 38.7 BSNS 19. 6S 9-923 [2 G2-9- S60 (Hos Y §+ 063 a. 34-§ 38-7 69-439 1203 46.6 34-4 (2 +020 1G. 823 eo 4-8 23.688 6-§03 fo 364 35-4 4S 6333 g- (23) St-t ah S 63.473 > | lo £63. f q2-1 37-5, 1.061 $63 fp 43-2 43-5 100% 27. $63 a 43-4 34-6 +588 $6230 fe 43-3 O28 46-6 12.020 . | S176 BBLS 2471365 85.150 2 De 2x4 _ SITE 43.133 ~ nn (2 he = £%8 . 32-5 BS:250 a v8AGT 36S _ 22-4 88 i er — 2 c area iv) 4g = 20%8-%e) 2 BEN Lg. ue) 1g -/ gq e 4 P= nag + Nertss Nate -2- | G2) QQ4 88) +.) 9-461) -| 36 4.466 12 +lo -2% Zo 18223 = 4. OBdS ce L. = #3:133-38 25-0 _ 4-883 4 a fe C4695 Bg) G- 683 |, C8 7454 wy critical Repou - TL 174... = 2-086 Cony) 7 reG 20 = (Sine) &, 2) v) Couclusyen wah calculated valio x C Mies in cv & se aces pt Aga anal - sey Meh, Ihe Lio pestipoles home HX fperent athe.___._ ANOVA i) Ag 8 AL tee Aretmets howe "nape ipa yg ext leest ts Greatmat hoi Ben ppeths iid) loved Syyrpicome 2 = o%K — 2 li) Terk etyts. + Fe = iv) Computetreon, eo Xa Xe | Te 38:7 _3s-\ 13-80 G28 36-0, | 78:42 34-8 38-7 13:50 a 46-6 BG-4 Bleo Jo 48-0 Go: & 88 So, - 36-4 38-4 11-80 Ctl (opens 92-60 _ qe 37-5 [19-60 | ugk 43-5 . | 867° 43-4. 3q-6 € 3-50 \ 43-3 4&3. 30 a Gb-& 46 | Ter G1EG SEAS £7, = FoRlwo| S| 267409-76|146306- 25 | iD) coneetron Fae toy = tyr @eoiy" . n RA = 36826364. 0 Le eee. zs Po ee 1) Total Samay Syuar = ae -CEL yee = CF = 3128845 — 36626. 364 = Gb2.586 2 MOSSs eC he, Myo ee ri 12 Lo = few + hy 36826366 =. 130.074. a WV) ervey $-S$s 7T-5-5- BSS= 332-Slr ANNA Kahle - _ _ Sov | af S.$ M-S- S$ F- Rabo B.S-S ) 130 074 (3o:074 [es 7-824 E-S-5 Ro B32-slz | 16-626 TSS | Qi 462-586 L v) Critical Raw en : PRE. = 4.36 C2 Wee) vi) Coucluaron:- : F Cehtre) Cabeulabd velue aa Ley in cy bo wo reject nell Hy potheaa4 and “Beg Ma Pestiztelts hano Ai pfercet fheeG on willrob, Nele> $0 prveq t°dut o fh £ bot with Vat ang Ve=n An = ty ts¢ oy 7 Poskikionung Of One Way Chassipication:- HE Sy (220 a3--¥ aud 2 023,---k) del. the ith obsewatjen % SIR Ayreelmsuk r Treotmowt | amps obsewvekich 4 y----- J - ee k 1 | % Ya %y tie Z| Yas Yew fey Youe : ( | J \ | | j a Yun Ie his Yee \ Pit. | | | xX Na dye ny Yan Total | Ta 1 ea Ye eZee tam [3 Ta Ye a where S s y My = = hy aud a = aS = vey Yo = 2 ty and Yo _ Jy jet cet yx Teolal Sam 4 Ayeare b ginen by Mh [eGenring ; expression 2 2 t ZE sy -¥5 con be writin = ay ee(%- Ke ty _ G+ ie aa = Og Ie Ig -W Bay naring anal Aumirg both Seley , ota ZECu- TY = 220 Is iis) +22. G,- Sra LE ty FFF) The Livm ZZ (Jes Ty) Wy Fo) 3 sspnnl fore because Seam qe cleviation Aalur from maou 4 Zero, Thare fore 22 Uy- 1.) = ZE is Fg) 4 ZZ gS de 4 Tolal Sum 4 Sguare = within Sum 4 Spare Belen Semy Syica Dividing Than with the Covresponcting obag 025 +t fete, we gel unbiased estimalys 4 pepelelion Vaviane X, re OR) = KOY-O 4 CK-1) Mer = Mse «+ Msg = a bia TEAL) gta S201 Fr ~ (a -1) Key-0)ANOVA Table. Sov] DF SS M-8-§ | F- Ratio — — 2 2 arcs | er |VEGs-F)-@) Be fe. ae rae wt-6S | kCY-1) ZE CV, Ty) = & Qe Teal | ky-1 By wsing Mer aboue ma Lert the Hypollesis that _ H, 2 Akl Me Aratmat hone Same affect Hit Bablarl Me Lieabrocl ave SigupicnlG iffercul. ParhaLioning Of 0 Degrees Y Freedom 4 One Way. T- Seon 4 18 ieleutity abso partiticvad The. Aolal cLegrans 4 freactom. Te Parkitioning ote bike epastalior on balk $iele ¢ Lhe ihcks. Talal Sums 4 Syeare 3 - ‘|# Cy nails elo 8c 5 oS pyeod * (n-') Ws VR E Joos] -e[enn at | (a (N-1) OS = Cyk-1) W __54) now with in Samples.= &| 120G-2) EU. 4) EF) | age to AG) othe Ch) +2 Che) — aE G4) E Pelee (Fg et KGa 0) — BYR er) E # [$a — RK 3 applying Expectabjen ant beth Biche, ] i7 | a — ~ — wo re ee | 2 = 2 — 2 | = VY ZCCY, =) = ye ECK =e UR WD vk Wo | 7S, ae a a = KWL SP = GK) gs | Coon bin ig O ad ©@ wud @ we get AKRON = kK Or-NAOHCK-1) at + olivicling by oon beth sites . (WA -1) = KO) + CK-1) we ; Wael af = within f+ Betuocend fo __ . Oblaining the timales % PopubaLion Vaviomce.’ we Cst Lhe Hy pothe-sia HS Ae thn Ky by Comparing Lhe tivo inclependot eslinals Populetion Vavionee Cat), The eglinales % Population varianee can be obGrined bag mane | nrags. a 4) Mee feat o3tj mal ¥ Population Va viane nu | obtrincd! 4 pooling The Xk amples Vet TAR ea | Therefore, ; Sp = OU rd = + cr) $e @u-x) “tnyk 2 2 _ a oe [ec aie Ga) #000] | - — a =) | 4405- a | w n-k co J and The os limal 4B vefberd ay the woth in2) 3) 3b wali % Population Vaviome Of anol clenobil Aamples estinale 4 variance O* Ths 4 am unbiageol astimate regard eas ¢ tle fact pethor vv neb Ho y tme. . The Second astiwale 4 based on lhe variation among Hee Samp moan assuming Thal all population means are aguck, Theortically Lhe variance % Ah moan. &- Bample Bix, 1 4 ia ; 2 tesing Hus vel lion a Fy NIG + So 6 an unbrased asbwak % B then an estimak 4m 4 y 3; = aL 8G, KO) This estinak & sal callel beLven pomp 3, hi esbual o inclepenkauk F Na with in Sample 3 Gmalt as 4 oblained ¥ rg mean ¥ Mu kam , Hevever ths estrmak aill become groer low He estinal obtainee/ by pooling ee Sample vaviabten when He 6 uel Sree. The third estinale clenctiel by Se On who be obtain by Creating Me dal arouse large Aomrl cousisting & N=Vk obgervalren Sr 22¢ hy7 7) w-\Tha 3 aloo an unbiased aswel ¢ Pepulatysn Varviante when Hes Le ay Mh gorse Hiro Sp and Sa ar. rolependout estimalis x a fhercfor wecan fad F = Bi Le Gat La assumpbon Su oY Hy pothesa pe Het 4, eA = Ug ar Nek s- dt 6 Crue who all the k Bampls are Glow From Mu Samx Popelat ror. Multi @ Comparison Tasks SM E- tsb after ANovA eject our null My We coun Coucluse that all the popalakien manu are nel ayual, but know Aheut which naan omigt lifer Bignificanlly from cack elles. Fr Ads purpose soverel Lal based on Hiffernt, wiees por, hare been alewveleped L mate companion between ears 4 means bath Aes Wheel 244 fell up F- Lost, are calleol malhpl Compariuiren_ ats fu Commonly uubeal Als are L) Fishers leas€ Bignigecan’ oi fherouz Test ji) Te Slikewl nervman- hauls mekhph range Golti) iv) v) 1) The Duncans. multiple varye, Lo Scheffes Fest * Tec kay Teast. _. There oe Ants arc ony posh Ho 4 yvefeckd aud Hy YB acephd. Least Significant, last (L-8.D.7) ° ob ference Tee F- List 3 an overall tit % Sgnigi- | nee fm all possible PAS F Liealysat 56 hE omer all kel prves be non Sgrgicut, we Coneluol, tat all ebseniaof A ffovwor amera Me. Deabrot ave det BD char Va vielen, On the eto, hand , $4 f- tit pores 6 be Gignigicout , Kat if the mull My pothe ses q ve Aratmout ff ur means are ye jerbsel Fe Ll, wee Concliok tat Areatnatt 200 are ove’ eye . Howerey le ave egucilly Grebe m fircting bet wluckh moan olifhys POM eaoh ether. Te £- &E ;: provicks ne ifr nation alot Aer magni Lack g potsi ble LGfrcuer betnecnGt Lb estinalk Me M fherence belo tis Kratmert meaw. with"k’ Lreatneck _ means there are oe possible t barbs, % we Wanted & Compare ery Arcola Kk - mean with every allay renluauk meas, But Lis procedure imvelues a Grge ne. s- clecisious, An allernatiug methaof y olenling wilh, Such a situation 5 Ls Compute thee Suallrt Abi ff erence 4 that weoeulal be JSKdgeal Significant aul Lo Gmpare fee abtotut value ft differences 4 mea with iL. Mes ¢nallest Aifgerene 9 collec! (650) leas srguificat ANG erence. aud *k given by LSDd= € [EEESE Snel ye sete oY - £5) 2 Ex) [Mse(4-4) Nek axpunl vt 6 leva lug do wot tnt L-S-D Bt 5 actualy Luo Lampl. Ctrl. hve mann %i and Xx, idby hy BrgrigicalG when the velue 4 t Computed! hy Agile paid gf meas, ae moy wae Lete G-%)-Cu—th) SNF the Lalo maens judge! Srguiganly clffereet ‘6 [Xe - 57 % bv) SeJEeh e-jl w A Sy fret (HV) nye Me wy bore, veh § He Luly Sigucfecar Spa MSE from ANoIA Lab end none ae Me No % observation. a Fe MSE l “ (Rie) 7 yf (Lt) when Bap aye 3 net extol ad 1-2) 7% Ly, [Smee . , a ye Mere phen Samph Six equal v6 carlomary & arrary. oie Sampl maauyin aseenclirg ovoler % mogniticls aud) £ draw a Line uncleray farlé adjacout may thy are nal Bsnigécoukly Ligher,Conductivity t four adiphercelé yp Ff wabig FTN tebe ag only four types ¢ ealiry are used fi Lhe experiment vo a birgbe ce foetor experimecl at four fowd buch and these ave algo qusltativn Leucly Aince. no numerical value can be assirgeel Ac te four Counting jt’ ograd thal qime observations Per, Coating Aheulol be adlesnale tt. olala gimen — beleze TV Liches Coa Crugs — LT. £ @ v SE 64 GF qb 6S 6( 46 349 ‘ 62 Go as «Ss. | SI i<¢ 3% 43 © 56 43 of Gt Me hypo thases et they & nro Lifferx between few cooling apr LSD LE | o Qy phic ble. SQdr- i) Ht Mere bro Liffarcnc buy coatings . Hs Mere sa bingnigicast iffercetii) level 4 Signpicanc: a= SZ it) Tes€ statisbics< Fe te 10) Compelabion: Se* dst Method. Z I w sb 64 4s 4a 6 61 46 39 62 So us «Ss SF SS 39 43 60 S 43 a) ts 1" 242 286 21g Llo lo0G re | aszeg | are | 47824 [4Gr00 | 1) Correction feetor = (en). 16)" Sogop it) Total seems { Synare ee = (ese 5) +--+ (uly Sobor) = $1940 -S060! = 13349°) iil) Between Coating sume y Guar = 20 or BSAE4 + 81796 F72E4 Wl _ S060! = S1736.8 — so Gol = 35.8 DY) with in tuno Hynes TS S- BSS = 203.20 aBnol Melhod:-— P= x-So C rs a Zz w a 1G AGS -8 . as ul -4 - Pe IZ ° -£ -S gq Ss -l/ -7 L 6 -7 -4 ts [4 36 | -32 | -%o [6 | ne 1764 124G6 (024 (6cn ) cr = EEN Cig . n ao” ti) Teal 6.5 = £2 mi oF = (62+ Sa Ca ¢ e] 1340 -1-8 = 1336.20 Vii) BSS = Ube +rgb+wo24l&o _ 1.9 5 1135-05 iv) WSS = 1338:2-M3S= £03.20 Byd Me thod..— j) Frres€ me cabeulat error Mean Snare (MSE) i - Cy-1) 3+ C-O5. 4 Crp See CDA 4, = s = ye AK me have Fue SEO KL 24d 4y = 18 Raz Shr 4) = S30 ao 2 € Rye So 2 dboa MCB. 30) #4 CRBS) # 47-80) WS) (Qo-4) = 196.60 _ 12.28150 16 9) Toh Sum 4 Syua re ap a=] 56 3a.49 SF | 2a-04 6L (36. 8S SF 15-69 & 44. 0F 64 187-68 6/ LY GG So -05 ss | 22.08 b> £ELIj- KS” Gs eee, ~ Ya -1 46 A605 = 129g: & ug 18.48 “4 G3 26-03 = 68:2®o 39 127-643 GE] epe. ky “3 ] 68ee “I | 927.64 SK} 12605 34 Qo2 Z =e 4, = VS, = 8 20%5 -KY- a K-) . 4 gee oar 4A = SA a Das We 4-4] 3 = S( (65.61) 4C47-61) £(46.89) 468-89) 3 = § (2a7T) = USS J 378.33333 3) 3 i Sov ldAs] $s M-S.S | F-Ratio | L Bess] 3 U3 | 37850 lez 29.649¢5 E-ss | 16 | 2oB.20 | 12-76 TSS \q 1334 TO 47188 v) Critical Regien FOF. (f5,3,%) = 32° fF) vi) Coucku ai eu. — cohelabol value of F Lees iM CR Some vejeet Hs anol that There 4 Siquificouc differance bekureen, caakivgs, NNLSD Tes i) (Ki-Fay = Sp [Lad y 2 I Sample Fig2 3 2arall fey eneh Lreabnsck, ii) mMSes 1076 Ye FS Airces, ve le Km. (aca?) . . C825, 16) (2.2642) C812) = 4 7849S) .? mI AK Mt i) Wey = Sho -S7.20 SH2r06 W) YAY; = S64 = 43.G = (4 -8o™ it) Y-% = SB 4-42 a IG 4o® WW) YAS, = St2e-4360 = 15.60% vy) Fa-¥y 2 6720-42 21S 20k vy %s-% 243-42 2 bo Y By LSD Lat Wh, Va Ss Iq are Consicley esynal 2) Duncan's Mubliple Ramge Test. A wv ichely useof Procedure for Comparing all Pris GF Maas 3 the mulliple vary, Ll clelop-eol by Duncan ot based on Lhe folleiing steps. 4Shap E+ Aviaune the le” Lyeatment menus (h orelsy from ba» high. Slip Enly the Anova tab and ale Lhe 2yYyoY mean Lenard with GB ohagrer % vblun tle SE gy moan for each Ljelnsut ee 6% = a ; ns No. £ cbserveation per Area lnowl _ Fox an equal Sample Bye veplace m vi GB HM we N, SGp Wl :- From Duncans abe 4 Signi fr cout Yanges obtain valuy LCP dd) pr pe Ba where & 3 Lhe sigugecat Gvel auol O-£) D fle lag tee % freccom 4 exVOY. . Supe oneltiply Lhere venga by S & form a3) G0 C41) Srgnpicout yang 2-2 Rp = %C?, df) Ss, . _ for Pz BBY Rk Slap wi: Teast Lhe 0 bservea/ vange, belive miran begning with largot ve Smallaé wlick ws Compared will Me bas€ higucficant youys rem Pok, Max Oot flu larget VS Secone Smallest with Cac karst Signi Gecowk vargr for Po k-l aua S06n Continue Its procaey antill KAY possi bh far hay heen test ° The Studeut Neuman keul’s Muktple Range Tat, Ths Crt esar clewsed b Newman , Because mew nteresO in Newmans Got was Gen ro Lee! ba heels, Ths Procedure 4 called The newman kuckis Gest, operationally Ha procadure & Simkay & Duucaus malt pe. vous Gol encepl Me criTeal AiKb creuces beloscon means are Coloulrled! Songowhal oly gO 8 Lased on he lleesrs eyes cpr - Ay vane Me k maar 1 over Ley heghSpo Erker the Areva able ane) takes he evvor Alpi: — Obin Ahe SE ¥ mean por each Acabmonk ve ~ — see eee Ss = Evry Maan Ssyuare a wo f obsevvation 4 Fy Stppm:- . Enter the slaweterelized youge Labl (labhe) 4 Big rpicaut YAgs at Mle x& Ceypeh Baguofecout , using Wee hog reed x frasem 4 ery Mea Syuare anol Pz BY % Slap u.- . : | Mubipy hen yanges ly Sq 4 form a Groep. CA-) Biguifrcou’ veges - step T. ee Terk Ale obgcyved yorges, Example:- MSE=826 , Neas, n=S aAfes Lo ond trrtnot Msaus are > Fe 5 Gy = 176, Yee alg Y= 9-8 Ys 00-8 apy Dincaw and Newman . rong, Tol TeSobetion:- Demcau’ 5 tnt D Arranging Me §" Treatneut moan pom Aw Le hagh Yr = 48 Ye = 108 Yn = 8-4 Ys = 176 Yu = ale I) MS E= 806 ofe= LO AmeS ) mz) oe i eae - } 8-06 = 127 s Youn iv) — Yougey . xs -oS, aAtes%o Ps ALS So P= 2 3 u s X. (PR age ya as Blo Ft& 3.8 ov on ag = . ZT) Rp = MCP AF) SG, Ry = CaaS) 0-27) = 3-14 Ry = C3 le) (1a7) = 394 pepe Ry (3-18) Ch27) 2 Ga , e Ry = (3-85) (h27) = Gt wi) Cemparisren Ast lavoet vs tol smelly Vvsd i arG—4-528I atlargst vs utsmattot: Gus ts ale-V8= WB 7 GIBCRS) eZ i drol Smallest 14 VS 6b BG 10-82 10.8 74-OCK I i) 7 4 3rd Smallats Gus hi BIG = 15-426 873.4 We «4th Snalhbs 4v9 3 Al6-17.6=G 73.75 CO Before making pent Comparision wr exch RE U) Ard LarpyEus LbSmalb€s 3rd 11764. 8278 74.04 Cla )™ vi) ow a anal 4 BHF 417 ble S268? B.45CKs)H vii) «aed gy ALITA G AUS GRRE 3,25 (Ra) Befr maleiry the nu Comparrrien nea enelale Ky . vit) xo karst vs nb smalls Avs) 2154 -4.8 2 6-673 GK 1K) 2 4 amd & tAVss PIS —le 8 246 PEW Nov we exctuok oe x) Svs4 2 lo 8-48 = 12 3-75k, From Ake abonre CSmparisionr we can Saa2 [bot von 10. Comparision onty Guy ) are net Sguificak amd yemongall Sguificart, Newman Rama teh, i) Avvémging al the © maaur arom Loe Lo beg Vas GS Ys = 108 Yq a 5-4 _ Ya = (7-6 Yu = Alb