Presentation of Data

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Give the difference between frequency polygon and histogram.

Difference between frequency polygon and histogram:

1. Frequency polygon is an improvement over histogram because it provides a continuous curve indicating
the causes of rise and fall in the data. On the other hand, frequency polygon is an approximate curve, but still
it is more usefui as compared to histogram.

2. In the frequency polygon, it is assumed that the frequency distribution in a particular class-width whereas
histogram may be used to represent frequency distribution with equal as well as with unequal class width.

3. In case of frequency polygon, it is assumed that all frequencies in a particular class are concerned at the
mid point of that class whereas in case of histogram, it is supposed that they are evenly spread over the class
interval.

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The Indian Sugar Mills Association reported that, ‘Sugar production during the first fortnight of December
2001 was about 3,87,000 tonnes, as against 3,78,000 tonnes during the same fortnight last year (2000). The
off-take of sugar from factories during the first fortnight of December 2001 was 2,83,000 tonnes for internal
consumption and 41,000 tonnes for exports as against 1,54,000 tonnes for internal consumption and nil for
exports during the same fortnight last season.’

(i) Present the data in tabular form.

(ii) Suppose you were to present these data in diagrammatic form which of the diagrams would you use and
why ?

(iii) Present these data diagram-matically.

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Answer

Bar diagram is a:

A. One-dimensional diagram

B. two-dimensional diagram

C.  diagram with no dimension

 
 D. none of the above

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Answer

Suppose you want to emphasise the increase in the share of urban non-workers and lower level of
urbanisation in India as shown in Example 4.2. How would you do it in the tabular form?

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Answer

How does the procedure of drawing a histogram differ when class intervals are unequal in comparison to
equal class intervals in a frequency table?

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Answer

The following table shows the estimated sectoral real growth rates (percentage change over the previous
year) in GDP at factor cost.

Agriculture (1) (2) (3) (4)

Year and Allied Industry Services 1994
Sectors 5.0 9.2 7.0
– 95
 1995
– 0.9 11.8 10.3
– 96

1996
9.6 6.0 7.1
– 97

1997
– 1.9 5.9 9.0
– 98

Agriculture (1) (2) (3) (4)

Year and Allied Industry Services 1994
Sectors 5.0 9.2 7.0
– 95

1995
– 0.9 11.8 10.3
– 96

1996
9.6 6.0 7.1
– 97
1998
7.2 4.0
– 99 1997
– 1.9 5.9 9.0
– 98

1998
7.2 4.0 8.3
– 99

1999
– 0.8 6.9 8.2
2000

8.3

1999
– 0.8 6.9 8.2
2000

Represent the data as multiple time series graphs.

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Answer

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