Richard Wright (musician)

Richard William Wright (28 July 1943 – 15 September 2008)

was an English musician who was a co-founder of the progressive
Richard Wright
rock band Pink Floyd. He played keyboards and sang, performing
on almost every Pink Floyd album and playing on all their tours.[3]

Wright grew up in Hatch End, Middlesex and met future Pink

Floyd bandmates Roger Waters and Nick Mason while studying
architecture at the Regent Street Polytechnic, London. After being
joined by frontman and songwriter Syd Barrett, the group found
commercial success in 1967. Barrett was replaced by David
Gilmour in 1968, who, along with Waters and Wright, took over
songwriting.
Wright performing live in Munich,
Initially contributing more as a singer/songwriter, Wright later Germany, in 2006
acted mainly as an arranger on compositions by Waters and
Background information
Gilmour. He began to contribute less towards the end of the 1970s
and left the band after touring The Wall in 1981. He rejoined as a Birth name Richard William
session player in 1987 for A Momentary Lapse of Reason, and Wright
rejoined full-time for The Division Bell in 1994. Sessions with Also known as Rick Wright
Wright during this period were later released on the 2014 album
The Endless River. Away from Pink Floyd, Wright recorded two Born 28 July 1943[1]
solo albums and was briefly active in the pop duo Zee with Dave Hatch End,
Harris of Fashion. Following Pink Floyd's Live 8 appearance in Middlesex,
2005, he became part of Gilmour's touring band, singing England[1]
occasional lead vocals on songs such as "Arnold Layne", before
Died 15 September
his death in September 2008.
2008 (aged 65)
Wright's jazz influences and distinctive keyboard playing were an London, England
important part of the Pink Floyd sound. As well as playing Farfisa Genres Progressive rock
and Hammond organs and Kurzweil synthesisers, he sang · psychedelic
regularly in the band and took lead vocals on songs such as rock ·
"Remember a Day" (1968), "Time" (1973) and "Wearing the
experimental
Inside Out" (1994).
rock · electronic ·
jazz · art rock
Occupation(s) Musician ·
Contents composer ·
Early life singer ·
Pink Floyd songwriter

Other work Instruments Keyboards ·

vocals
Personal life
Years active 1962[2]–2008
Death
Labels Capitol ·
Musical style
Columbia · EMI ·
Equipment
Discography Harvest
With Pink Floyd Associated acts Pink Floyd · Zee
With Syd Barrett · Syd Barrett ·
Solo albums David Gilmour ·
With Zee Anthony Moore
With David Gilmour Website rickwright.com (h
References ttps://rickwright.c
External links om)

Early life
Wright, whose father was head biochemist at Unigate, grew up in Hatch End, Middlesex, and was
educated at the Haberdashers' Aske's School.[4] He taught himself to play guitar, trombone, trumpet and
piano at age 12 while recuperating from a broken leg. His mother encouraged him to concentrate on the
piano.[4] He took private lessons in music theory and composition at the Eric Gilder School of Music[5] and
became influenced by the trad jazz revival, learning the saxophone along with his other instruments, but
continuing to focus on piano.[4] In 1962, uncertain about his future, Wright enrolled at Regent Street
Polytechnic (later incorporated into University of Westminster) to study architecture.[4] There he met fellow
musicians Roger Waters and Nick Mason, and all three joined a band formed by their classmate Clive
Metcalf called Sigma 6.[2]

Pink Floyd
Wright's position in the band was tenuous to begin with, as he did not choose a definitive instrument,
playing piano if a pub had one, otherwise settling on rhythm guitar or trombone.[6][7] He moved with
Waters and Mason into a house in Stanhope Gardens, Highgate, and they began serious rehearsals to
become a professional group. Although Mason and Waters were competent students, Wright found
architecture of little interest and after only a year of study moved to the London College of Music.[2] He
took a break from studies and travelled to Greece for a sabbatical. Their landlord, Mike Leonard, purchased
a Farfisa electric organ and briefly replaced Wright in the band.[8] However, this organ ultimately became
Wright's main instrument.[9] Through a friend, he arranged the fledgling group's first recording session in a
West Hampstead studio, just before Christmas 1964.[10] Guitarist Bob Klose and guitarist and singer Syd
Barrett joined the band, which became Pink Floyd.[11]

Pink Floyd stabilised with Barrett, Waters, Mason and Wright by mid-1965, and after frequent gigging that
year became regulars on the underground circuit in London.[12] While Barrett was the dominant member,
writing and singing most of the songs, Wright had an important supporting role, playing keyboards and
singing harmony vocals, and contributing arrangements as well. He also occasionally wrote (and sang lead)
on his own songs. As the most qualified musician technically, Wright was also responsible for tuning
Barrett’s guitars and Waters’ bass during concerts. [13] Later on, he used a Strobotuner to tune guitars
silently during gigs.[14] In these early days, before they acquired a full-time road crew, Wright acted as the
primary roadie, unloading the gear and packing it up at each gig.[15]

While not credited for vocals on The Piper at the Gates of Dawn album sleeve, Wright sang lead vocals on
Barrett-penned songs "Astronomy Domine" and "Matilda Mother".[16] Examples of his early compositions
include "Remember a Day", "See-Saw", "Paint Box" and "It Would Be So Nice".[17][18] Wright was close
friends with Barrett, and at one point the pair shared a flat in Richmond. After Barrett was forced out of the
group in 1968 owing to mental health issues, Wright considered leaving and forming a group with him, but
realised it would not have been practical.[19]

Following Barrett's replacement by David Gilmour, Wright took over writing duties with Waters, but
gradually became less involved as a songwriter as the band's career progressed.[20] His keyboard playing
remained an integral part of the band's live set, particularly on "Interstellar Overdrive", "Set the Controls for
the Heart of the Sun" and "Careful with That Axe, Eugene".[21] He contributed themes for Pink Floyd’s
film scores for More, Zabriskie Point and Obscured by Clouds. He made significant arranging contributions
to longer compositions such as "Atom Heart Mother", "Echoes" (on which he sang lead vocals with
Gilmour) and "Shine On You Crazy Diamond". On 1973's The Dark Side of the Moon he composed the
music for "The Great Gig in the Sky" and "Us and Them".[22] He also contributed to the composition of
other album tracks such as "Breathe" and "Time", singing lead on the latter's bridge.[23]

Wright's contributions to the band diminished in the late 1970s (as Waters began to dominate the writing
process), and 1977's Animals was the first album where Wright did not receive any songwriting credits.[24]
By the time the group recorded The Wall in 1979, Waters had become frustrated that Wright was not
contributing, yet still claiming an equal share of production royalties. Wright refused to catch up on the
recording backlog as his first marriage had deteriorated and he had not seen enough of his children,
deciding family was more important to him.[25] "Both myself and Dave… had little to offer, through
laziness or whatever," he admitted. "Looking back, although I didn't realise it, I was depressed."[26]

Waters considered suing Wright, but ultimately decided it would be easier for Wright to leave the band at
the end of the project. As the band was in financial trouble at the time, Wright agreed. Waters, Gilmour,
producer Bob Ezrin, composer Michael Kamen and session player Fred Mandel also played keyboard parts
on The Wall.[27] Wright generally went into the studio late at night when the other band members were not
there.[28] He was retained as a salaried session musician during 1980–81 concerts to promote the album,
and ironically became the only member of Pink Floyd to profit from the initial run of shows, since the net
financial loss had to be borne by the remaining "full-time" members.[29] Wright did not attend the 1982
premiere of the film of Pink Floyd—The Wall.[30] In 1983, Pink Floyd released The Final Cut, the only
album from the band on which Wright does not appear. His absence from the album credits was the first
time fans realised he had left the group, which was officially confirmed some years later.[31]

After Waters' departure in 1985, Wright began to contribute to Pink Floyd again, beginning with sessions
for A Momentary Lapse of Reason. However, he did not legally rejoin, and was a salaried musician for the
resulting tour, as his contract said he could not rejoin as a "full member".[32][33] On the album credits, his
name was listed amongst the other session musicians, and his photo did not appear on the inner sleeve
along with Gilmour and Mason.[32][34]

By 1994, he had legally rejoined Pink Floyd.[35] In 2000 he said: "I am a full member, but contractually I
am not on a par with Dave and Nick."[26] He co-wrote five songs and sang lead vocals on "Wearing the
Inside Out" for The Division Bell.[36] This was followed by the double live album and video Pulse in 1995.
Wright, like Mason, performed on every Floyd tour.[37]

On 2 July 2005, Wright, Gilmour and Mason were joined by Waters on stage for the first time since the
Wall concerts for a short set at the Live 8 concert in London. This was the last time that all four members
performed together.[38] Wright underwent eye surgery for cataracts in November 2005, preventing him
from attending Floyd's induction into the UK Music Hall of Fame.[39]

Before Wright died in 2008, he went to British Grove Studios to record a missing piano part from "Shine
on You Crazy Diamond". This was found to be missing by James Guthrie, who was remixing the Wish You
Were Here album for an SACD release.[40]
Wright's last Floyd appearance was posthumously on 2014's The Endless River. The album contained
mostly instrumental music recorded during the Division Bell sessions in 1993–94, along with new music
recorded between 2010-2014.[41] Mason said that unreleased sessions Wright recorded for Gilmour's solo
projects may appear on Gilmour's future solo albums.[42]

Other work
Wright performed less work outside Pink Floyd than the other members. Along with Gilmour, he played on
Barrett's second solo album, Barrett (1970), and helped with its production.[43] He later recalled working
on the album as a way of helping Barrett in any way possible.[44] He guested at a concert by Sutherland
Brothers & Quiver in 1974 at Newcastle Polytechnic.[43]

Wright recorded his first solo project, Wet Dream, in early 1978 in Super Bear Studios, France, which
featured Floyd touring guitarist Snowy White and former King Crimson saxophonist Mel Collins.[45] The
album was released in September to minimal commercial success.[46]

During 1983-1984, Wright formed a new musical duo called Zee with Dave Harris (from the band
Fashion). The pair had been introduced by a mutual friend, saxophonist Raphael Ravenscroft.[45] They
signed a record deal with EMI Records and released only one album, Identity, which was a commercial and
critical flop.[3][47] Wright later referred to Zee as "an experiment best forgotten".[45]

In 1996, inspired by his successful input into The Division Bell, Wright released his second solo album,
Broken China, which had been co-written with lyricist Anthony Moore of Slapp Happy, who also helped
with production and engineering. The album covers the theme of depression and helped Wright come to
terms with seeing his wife and friends affected by it.[36] Musical contributions came from bassist Pino
Palladino, drummer Manu Katché and guitarists Dominic Miller (known for his work with Sting) and Tim
Renwick (another Floyd associate). David Gilmour contributed a guitar part for "Breakthrough" but his
performance didn't make the final mix of the album. Wright considered taking the album on tour, but
concluded it wouldn't be financially viable.[48] Sinéad O'Connor sang lead vocals on two tracks,
"Reaching for the Rail" and "Breakthrough", with Wright singing the remainder.[36]

In 1999, Pink Floyd touring keyboardist Jon Carin joined with Wright's wife to bring Wright and Waters
back together after some 18 years apart; the two men met backstage after a tour date by Waters.[49]

Wright played at several of Gilmour's solo shows in 2002, contributing keyboards and vocals, including his
own composition "Breakthrough".[43] In 2006, he became a regular member of Gilmour's touring band
along with former Floyd sidemen Jon Carin, Dick Parry and Guy Pratt.[43] He contributed keyboards and
background vocals to Gilmour's solo album, On an Island, and performed live in Europe and North
America that year.[50] On stage with Gilmour he played keyboards, including a revival of the Farfisa organ
for "Echoes". Wright sang lead on "Arnold Layne", which was released as a live single.[51] He declined an
offer to join Waters and Mason on The Dark Side of the Moon Live tour to spend more time working on a
solo project.[52]

In 2006, Wright joined Gilmour and Mason for the official screening of the P•U•L•S•E DVD. Inevitably,
Live 8 surfaced as a subject in an interview. When asked about performing again, Wright replied he would
be happy on stage anywhere. He explained that his plan was to "meander" along and play live whenever
Gilmour required his services.[53] The same year, he co-wrote the Helen Boulding B-side, "Hazel Eyes",
with Chris Difford.[43]

Wright's final vocal performance took place at the Syd Barrett tribute concert "Madcap's Last Laugh" at
The Barbican in London on 10 May 2007. It was organised by Joe Boyd in memory of Barrett, who had
died the previous July. The first half featured a Roger Waters solo performance, while the second half
concluded with Wright, alongside David Gilmour and Nick Mason, performing "Arnold Layne".[54] His
final live performance was as part of Gilmour's band at the premiere of Gilmour's concert DVD Remember
That Night on 6 September 2007 at the Odeon Leicester Square, London. After an edited version of the
film had been shown, the band took to the stage to jam.[55]

Personal life
Wright married his first wife, Juliette Gale, in 1964. She had been a singer in one of the early bands that
evolved into Pink Floyd. They had two children and divorced in 1982. His second marriage to Franka
lasted between 1984 and 1994.[56] Wright married his third wife Mildred "Millie" Hobbs in 1995, with
whom he had a son, Ben. Wright's 1996 solo album Broken China is about her battle with depression.[57]
They separated in 2007.[58] Wright's daughter Gala was married to Floyd and Gilmour touring bassist Guy
Pratt.[59]

Wright had been fond of the Greek islands since a sabbatical visit in 1964, before Pink Floyd formed.[60]
He moved to Greece in 1984 after the Zee project, briefly retiring from music, and enjoyed sailing and
yachting.[36] In his later years, Wright lived in Le Rouret, France, and spent time on a yacht he owned in
the Virgin Islands. He found sailing therapeutic, relieving him from the pressures of the music business.[61]
He was also a collector of Persian rugs.[62]

Death
Wright died from lung cancer at his home in London on 15 September 2008, aged 65.[47][63] At the time of
his death, he had been working on a new solo album, thought to comprise a series of instrumental
pieces.[58][64]

The surviving members of Pink Floyd paid tribute to Wright: Waters said it was "hard to overstate the
importance of his musical voice in the Pink Floyd of the 60s and 70s", and added that he was happy they
had reunited for Live 8.[65] Mason said Wright's contributions were underrated, and that his playing "was
the sound that knitted it all together", comparing his "quiet one" status in the band to George Harrison of
the Beatles.[66] Gilmour called him "my musical partner and my friend", and praised Wright's ability to
blend his voice with Gilmour's, such as on "Echoes".[65] Gilmour reiterated that it would be wrong to
continue as Pink Floyd without him.[41]

Eight days after Wright's death, Gilmour performed "Remember a Day", a Wright composition from Pink
Floyd's second album, A Saucerful of Secrets, on a live broadcast of Later... with Jools Holland on BBC
Two as a tribute to Wright. Gilmour said that Wright had intended to perform with him that day, but had not
been well enough. David Gilmour also dedicated his song "A Boat Lies Waiting" from his 2014 album
Rattle That Lock in Wright's memory. The song features Wright's voice sample. The lyrics define Gilmour's
sadness on his demise and revolves around mortality and Wright's love for the sea. [67]

Musical style
Wright's main influence was jazz, particularly Miles Davis and John Coltrane.[68] He never considered
himself a typical songwriter, preferring to create whole albums of music with a theme,[69] later saying "if
the words came out like the music, and we didn't have anything else to do, then quite a few would be
written".[70] A number of compositions credited to Wright came out of improvisation and randomly trying
ideas, some of which were picked up enthusiastically by his band mates. Wright later said "I just play and
don't really think about what I'm doing, I just let it happen".[71] Of all the Pink Floyd members, Wright was
the most reserved, sitting down behind the keyboards and concentrating on the music.[72]
In the 1970s, Wright listened to some contemporary progressive rock bands, and particularly liked early
Peter Gabriel-fronted Genesis.[44] He later asked some of the musicians in Gabriel's solo touring band to
play on Broken China.[36] Wright enjoyed playing the organ, and considered the style he used in Pink
Floyd to be unique.[44] He played solos in the early part of Floyd's career, frequently using Egyptian scales,
such as on "Matilda Mother" or "Set the Controls for the Heart of the Sun".[73][74] His jazz background led
to him being interested in free form music, with adherence to tempo being less important.[66] Later, he was
more interested in complementing each piece with organ, electric piano or synthesiser as a backing
instrument, while still featuring occasional solos.[75]

Equipment

In the early days of the band, Wright dabbled with brass before
settling on Farfisa electric organs as his main instrument onstage.
He originally owned a single-manual Combo Compact model,
which was used for early recordings of "Interstellar Overdrive",[72]
and later upgraded to a dual-manual Compact Duo. During the
1960s, Wright relied heavily on his Farfisa fed through a Binson
Echorec platter echo, as heard on the Ummagumma live album.[71]
On later tours, the instrument was fed through a joystick control
Richard Wright's Farfisa Compact
allowing the signal to be sent through up to six speakers in an Duo organ and Binson Echorec unit
auditorium, which was called the "Azimuth Coordinator".[76]
Wright stopped using the Farfisa after The Dark Side of the Moon,
but revisited it in later years, playing it on Gilmour's On An Island tour. It was recorded for the sessions that
eventually became The Endless River.[77]

Wright's Hammond M-102 organ,
used on Pink Floyd: Live at Pompeii.
Live at Pompeii.[a]
Wright played the piano and Hammond organ in the studio from
the start of Pink Floyd's recording career; using the Hammond's
bass pedals for the closing section of "A Saucerful of Secrets".[78]
He used a Mellotron in the studio for some tracks, including
Ummagumma's "Sysyphus" and on the "Atom Heart Mother"
suite. For a brief period in 1969, Wright played vibraphone on
several of the band's songs and in some live shows, and
reintroduced the trombone on "Biding My Time".[79] He started
using a Hammond organ regularly on stage alongside the Farfisa
around 1970[80] and a grand piano became part of his usual live
concert setup when "Echoes" was added to Pink Floyd's regular set
list. All three keyboards are used in the concert film Pink Floyd:

In the 1970s, Wright began using synthesisers such as the VCS 3,

ARP String Ensemble and Minimoog, which were featured on
"Shine on You Crazy Diamond". Wright wrote the closing part of
the track alone, and included a brief extract of the band's early
single "See Emily Play" on the Minimoog towards the end.[84] He
used a number of electric pianos during the 1970s, including a
Wurlitzer fed through a wah-wah pedal on "Money"[85] and an Wright's Prophet-5 synthesiser, used
unaccompanied Rhodes introduction for "Sheep" on Animals.[86] in the Wall tour

From the 1987 Momentary Lapse of Reason tour onwards, Wright

and touring keyboardist Jon Carin favoured Kurzweil digital synthesisers, including the K2000 keyboard
and K2000S rack module for reproducing piano and electric piano sounds.[87] Wright retained the
Hammond along with a Leslie speaker, playing it onstage and using it during the Division Bell sessions.[88]

Wright was a proficient multi-instrumentalist who, in addition to keyboards, also played guitar, flute, cello,
trombone, violin, drums, saxophone and bass. Other keyboards that he used in the studio were tack piano,
harpsichord, celesta and harmonium, notably on Syd Barrett's solo song "Love Song" and "Chapter
24".[89]

Discography

With Pink Floyd

The Piper at the Gates of Dawn (1967)
A Saucerful of Secrets (1968)
More (1969)
Ummagumma (1969)
Atom Heart Mother (1970)
Meddle (1971)
Obscured by Clouds (1972)
The Dark Side of the Moon (1973)
Wish You Were Here (1975)
Animals (1977)
The Wall (1979)
A Momentary Lapse of Reason (1987)
The Division Bell (1994)
The Endless River (2014)

With Syd Barrett

Barrett – 1970[90]

Solo albums
Wet Dream – 1978[91]
Broken China – 1996[91]

With Zee
Identity – 1984[92]

With David Gilmour

David Gilmour in Concert (DVD) – 2002 (guest appearance)[93]
On an Island – 2006
Appears on two tracks: "On an Island" (Hammond organ) & "The Blue" (backing
vocals)[94]
 Remember That Night (DVD/Blu-ray) – 2007[95]
Live in Gdańsk (CD/DVD) – 2008[96]
Rattle That Lock – 2015
Vocal sample on "A Boat Lies Waiting".

References
Notes

a. eg: grand piano on "Echoes Part I",[81] Hammond organ on "A Saucerful of Secrets" (closing
section),[82] Farfisa on "Echoes Part II"[83]

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External links
Official website (https://rickwright.com/)
The Richard Wright Archives (http://www.richardwright.net/)
Pink Floyd's official site (http://www.pinkfloyd.co.uk/)
Richard Wright's French Riviera Home (http://www.estatenetfrance.com/en/chateauneuf-de-
grasse/Sale-Villa-8-rooms-Le-Rouret-06650-529939/)

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