UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA (USM)

SEMESTER 1 2021

PMC 500
STATISTICAL REASONING IN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

TUTORIAL 5: INDEPENDENT T-TEST

NAME NORAZLIZA BINTI ABD AZIZ

MATRIC NO P-PM0069/21
PROGRAMME MASTER OF ARTS (EDU) -SCIENCE EDUCATION
SCHOOL SCHOOL OF EDUCATIONAL STUDY
LECTURER’S DR MUZIRAH BT MUSA
NAME
TUTORIAL 5: INDEPENDENT T-TEST

1.Run the independent t-test using gender for each subject (English, Science and History).
English

Group Statistics
jantina / gender N Mean Std. Std. Error
Deviation Mean
Skor Bahasa Inggeris / lelaki / male 20 62.2500 18.90384 4.22703
English score perempuan / female 20 76.4000 19.27474 4.30996

Science

Group Statistics
jantina / gender N Mean Std. Std. Error
Deviation Mean
skor Sains / Science score lelaki / male 20 64.0500 16.90679 3.78047
perempuan / female 20 65.6500 15.56066 3.47947

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 History

Group Statistics
jantina / gender N Mean Std. Std. Error
Deviation Mean
Skor Sejarah / History lelaki / male 20 56.0500 26.55971 5.93893
score perempuan / female 20 54.1000 19.63322 4.39012

a) State the null and alternative hypothesis.

English
Null Hypothesis
There is no statistically significant difference in the mean scores for English subject
between male and female students in the population.
H0: µM = µF
Alternative Hypothesis
There is a statistically significant difference in the mean scores for English subject between
male and female students in the population.
H1: µM ≠ µF
Science
Null Hypothesis
There is no statistically significant difference in the mean scores for science subject
between male and female students in the population.
H0: µM = µF
Alternative Hypothesis
There is a statistically significant difference in the mean scores for science subject between
male and female students in the population.
H1: µM ≠ µF

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 History
Null Hypothesis
There is no statistically significant difference in the mean scores for History subject
between male and female students in the population.
H0: µM = µF
Alternative Hypothesis
There is a statistically significant difference in the mean scores for History subject between
male and female students in the population.
H1: µM ≠ µF
b) State the assumptions.
English
Assumptions for English Score
Assumption 1: English score is measure on a continuous scale (It is measured at the interval
scale)
Assumption 2: Samples are randomly selected from the population and scores of the
dependent variables are independent of each other.
Assumption 3: Data for both groups are normally distributed, proven by SPSS analysis
Assumption 4: Adequacy of sample size, n >30 (the sample is more than 30)
Assumption 5: Equal of variance in standard deviation for male and female score for English
subject (proven by SPSS analysis)

Science
Assumptions for Science Score
Assumption 1: Science score is measure on a continuous scale (It is measured at the interval
scale)
Assumption 2: Samples are randomly selected from the population and scores of the
dependent variables are independent of each other.
Assumption 3: Data for both groups are normally distributed, proven by SPSS analysis
Assumption 4: Adequacy of sample size, n >30 (the sample is more than 30)
Assumption 5: Equal of variance in standard deviation for male and female score for science
subject (proven by SPSS analysis)

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 History
Assumptions for History Score
Assumption 1: History score is measure on a continuous scale (It is measured at the interval
scale)
Assumption 2: Samples are randomly selected from the population and scores of the
dependent variables are independent of each other.
Assumption 3: Data for both groups are normally distributed, proven by SPSS analysis
Assumption 4: Adequacy of sample size, n >30 (the sample is more than 30)
Assumption 5: Equal of variance in standard deviation for male and female score for History
subject (proven by SPSS analysis)
c)What is your conclusion?
English
The assumptions for assumptions 1,2 and 4 have been met. Then, assumptions 3 (normality)
and 5 (variance) will be executed for English score for male and female.
Evidence for assumption 3:

Points form a linear pattern; the distribution is normal for male score in English Score

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Points form a linear pattern; the distribution is normal for female for English score

• The p value for male is 0.91, p > 0.05, then the distribution of this data is
normal
• The p value for female is 0.05, p = 0.05, then the distribution of this data is
not normal
• Since the assumption of normality has been violated for female’s English
score. Thus, no statistical independent T-Test will be run for English score.
Therefore, only statistical independent T-Test for science and history will be
carried out.

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 Science
The assumptions for assumptions 1,2 and 4 have been met. Then, assumptions 3 (normality)
and 5 (variance) will be executed for science score for male and female.
Evidence for assumption 3:

Points form a linear pattern the distribution is normal for male for science score

Points form a linear pattern; the distribution is normal for female for science score

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 • The p value for male is 0.548, p > 0.05, then the distribution of this data is
normal
• The p value for female is 0.365, p > 0.05, then the distribution of this data is
normal
Evidence for assumption 5:

The p value is 0.572 (p>0.05), therefore the two groups (male and female) have equal
variance for science subject

Group Statistics
jantina / gender N Mean Std. Std. Error
Deviation Mean
skor Sains / Science score lelaki / male 20 64.0500 16.90679 3.78047
perempuan / female 20 65.6500 15.56066 3.47947

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Since, the p value is 0.757 (p>0.05), therefore, the null hypothesis is failed to reject. Hence,
there is no significant difference in the Science score between male and female students.
Conclusion:
An independent t-test was performed comparing the mean score for science subject between
the two groups (male and female). The result revealed that the mean Science score of males
(M=64.1, SD=16.9) and females (M=65.7, SD=15.6) are significantly not difference t (38) = -
3.11, p >0.05
Thus, the finding indicated that gender has no effect on science score.
History
The assumptions for assumptions 1,2 and 4 have been met. Then, assumptions 3 (normality)
and 5 (variance) will be executed for History score for male and female.
Evidence for assumption 3:

Points form a linear pattern; the distribution is normal for male in history score

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 Points form a linear pattern; the distribution is normal for female for history score

• The p value for male is 0.643, p > 0.05, then the distribution of this data is
normal
• The p value for female is 0.475, p > 0.05, then the distribution of this data is
normal
Evidence for assumption 5:

The p value is 0.122 (p>0.05), therefore the two groups (male and female) have equal
variance for History subject

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 Group Statistics
jantina / gender N Mean Std. Std. Error
Deviation Mean
Skor Sejarah / History lelaki / male 20 56.0500 26.55971 5.93893
score perempuan / female 20 54.1000 19.63322 4.39012

Since, the p value is 0.793 (p>0.05), therefore, the null hypothesis is failed to reject. Hence,
there is no significant difference in the History score between male and female students.
Conclusion:
An independent t-test was performed comparing the mean score for History subject between
the two groups (male and female). The result revealed that the mean History score of males
(M= 56.1, SD= 26.6) and females (M= 54.1, SD=19.6) are significantly not difference t (38)
=0.264, p >0.05
Thus, the finding indicated that gender has no effect on History score.

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 2) Run the independent t-test using tuition for each (English, Science and History).
English

Group Statistics
Kelas tuisyen / Tuition N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error
class Mean
Skor Bahasa Inggeris / Tiada / No 20 67.5500 16.49394 3.68816
English score Ada/Yes 20 71.1000 23.57050 5.27052

Science

Group Statistics
Kelas tuisyen / Tuition N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error
class Mean
skor Sains / Science score Tiada / No 20 54.0500 14.14018 3.16184
Ada/Yes 20 75.6500 9.15524 2.04717

History

Group Statistics
Kelas tuisyen / Tuition N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error
class Mean
Skor Sejarah / History Tiada / No 20 60.2500 21.36617 4.77762
score Ada/Yes 20 49.9000 24.08297 5.38512

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 a) State the null and alternative hypothesis.
English
Null Hypothesis
There is NO statistically significant difference in the English mean scores between students
who attending tuition and students who do not attending tuition in the population.
H0: µT = µNT
Alternative Hypothesis
There is a statistically significant difference in the English mean scores between students
who attending tuition and students who do not attending tuition in the population.
H1: µT≠ µNT
Science
Null Hypothesis
There is NO statistically significant difference in the Science mean scores between students
who attending tuition and students who do not attending tuition in the population.
H0: µT = µNT
Alternative Hypothesis
There is a statistically significant difference in the Science mean scores between students
who attending tuition and students who do not attending tuition in the population.
H1: µT≠ µNT
History
Null Hypothesis
There is NO statistically significant difference in the History mean scores between students
who attending tuition and students who do not attending tuition in the population.
H0: µT = µNT

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Alternative Hypothesis
There is a statistically significant difference in the History mean scores between students
who attending tuition and students who do not attending tuition in the population.
H1: µT≠ µNT
b) State the assumptions.
Assumptions for English Score
Assumption 1: English score is measure on a continuous scale (It is measured at the interval
scale)
Assumption 2: Samples are randomly selected from the population and scores of the
dependent variables are independent of each other.
Assumption 3: Data for both groups are normally distributed, proven by SPSS analysis
Assumption 4: Adequacy of sample size, n >30
Assumption 5: Equal of variance in standard deviation between students who attending
tuition and students who do not attending tuition for English subject (proven by SPSS
analysis)
Assumptions for Science Score
Assumption 1: Science score is measure on a continuous scale (It is measured at the interval
scale)
Assumption 2: Samples are randomly selected from the population and scores of the
dependent variables are independent of each other.
Assumption 3: Data for both groups are normally distributed, proven by SPSS analysis
Assumption 4: Adequacy of sample size, n >30
Assumption 5: Equal of variance in standard deviation between students who attending
tuition and students who do not attending tuition for science subject (proven by SPSS
analysis)
Assumptions for History Score
Assumption 1: History score is measure on a continuous scale (It is measured at the interval
scale)
Assumption 2: Samples are randomly selected from the population and scores of the
dependent variables are independent of each other.
Assumption 3: Data for both groups are normally distributed, proven by SPSS analysis
Assumption 4: Adequacy of sample size, n >30

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Assumption 5: Equal of variance in standard deviation between students who attending
tuition and students who do not attending tuition for History subject (proven by SPSS
analysis)
c) What is your conclusion?

English
The assumptions for assumptions 1,2 and 4 have been met. Then, assumptions 3 (normality)
and 5 (variance) will be executed for English score for students who attending tuition and
students who do not attending tuition.
Evidence for assumption 3:

Points form a linear pattern; the distribution is normal for students who do not attend
tuition for English score

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 Points form a linear pattern; the distribution is normal for students who attending tuition
for English score

• The p value for student who do not attending tuition is 0.108, p > 0.05, then
the distribution of this data is normal
• The p value for student who attending tuition is 0.023, p < 0.05, then the
distribution of this data is not normal
• The assumption of normality has been violated for student who attending
tuition for English score. Thus, no statistical independent T-Test will be run
for English score.
Science
The assumptions for assumptions 1,2 and 4 have been met. Then, assumptions 3 (normality)
and 5 (variance) will be executed for science score for students who attending tuition and
students who do not attending tuition.
Evidence for assumption 3:

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 Points form a linear pattern; the distribution is normal for students who do not
attend tuition for science score

Points form a linear pattern; the distribution is normal for students who attending tuition
for science score

• The p value for student who do not attending tuition is 0.135, p > 0.05, then
the distribution of this data is normal
• The p value for student who attending tuition is 0.006, p < 0.05, then the
distribution of this data is not normal
• The assumption of normality has been violated for student who attending
tuition for science score. Thus, no statistical independent T-Test will be run
for science score. Therefore, only statistical T-Test for History will be carried
out.
History
The assumptions for assumptions 1,2 and 4 have been met. Then, assumptions 3 (normality)
and 5 (variance) will be executed for History score for students who attending tuition and
students who do not attending tuition.

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Evidence for assumption 3:

Points form a linear pattern; the distribution is normal for students who do not attending
tuition for history score

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 Points form a linear pattern; the distribution is normal for students who attending tuition
for History score

• The p value for student who do not attending tuition is 0.383, p > 0.05, then
the distribution of this data is normal
• The p value for student who attending tuition is 0.197, p > 0.05, then the
distribution of this data is normal
Evidence for assumption 5:

The p value is 0.556 (p>0.05), therefore the two groups (students who attending tuition and
students who do not attending tuition) have equal variance for History subject.

Group Statistics
Kelas tuisyen / Tuition N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error
class Mean
Skor Sejarah / History Tiada / No 20 60.2500 21.36617 4.77762
score Ada/Yes 20 49.9000 24.08297 5.38512

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Since, the p value is 0.159 (p>0.05), therefore, the null hypothesis is failed to reject. Hence,
there is no significant difference in the History score between students who attending tuition
and students who do not attending tuition.
Conclusion:
An independent t-test was performed comparing the mean score for History subject between
the two groups (students who attending tuition and students who do not attending tuition).
The result revealed that the mean History score of students who attending tuition (M=49.9,
SD=24.1) and students who do not attending tuition (M=60.3, SD=21.4) are significantly not
difference t (38) =1.438, p >0.05.
Thus, the finding indicated that tuition has no effect on history score

~THE END~

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