] ASTM C948-81 172 1% sree Ally Designation: € 948 ~ 81 (Reapproved 2001) Standard Test Method for Dry and Wet Bulk Density, Water Absorption, and Apparent Porosity of Thin Sections of Glass-Fiber Reinforced Concrete" 1s stand is as ue th fo desemtion 94%; the number mreccacty kowing the dvigeticn indies the you of ceignal soli o, nthe cae of revision, he Year ola wevaton A marber ln patethoie ices te year of bt reapeoval A superscot epsilo () sentcs xn editorial change sine the lst revision ot repo 1. Scope [+] ASTM 348-81 1,1 This test method covers the determinations of dry and wel bulk density, water absorption, and apparent porosity of thin sections of glass-fiher reinforced eoncrese Nowe 1 This test method docs no! involve a detention of absoluie specific gravity. Therefore, sich pore space as may be peesent in the specimen that is not eanptied daring the specified drying or & not filled ‘wich water during the epeciied immocekok 4x comsidered “impermeable” and is not diferentiated fram the solid partion of the specimen fr the ceakplabons, especially those for percent voids Depending upon the pore size distribution an the pore entry rt of the specimen and on the purposes for which the test results are desired, the procedures of thi method may he adequnte, or they may be inufBckeatly rigorous, In the event that tis desired to ll more of the pores than sll be filled by vmmersion, various lechrigucs involving the ase of Yacuuns| treatment or ncreased pressure may be used. Ifa rigosous measure of total ore space 1s desired, thas san only te ebtuned by determmung absolute specifle gravity hy fist reducing the sample tn discrete partiles, each of ‘which is sufficiently small so that uo impermeable spuce ean exis within any of the parieles 12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is: the responsibilty of the user of this standard 40 establish appr priate safety and healih pruciices and determine the applica- ® AsT™ €948-81 priate safety and health practices and determine the applica: bility of reguledory limitations prigr ta use. 2 ignificance and Use 2.1 Material properties determined by this test method are uscful for quality control of glassfiher minforeed conercte, ascertaining compliance with governing specifications, and research and development 3. Apparatus 3.1 Bulunce, sensitive 10 0.025% of the mass of the specimen, suitable for determining the mass of the specimen in water as well as in air 3.2 Comiainer, suitable for immersing the specimen and "This test method is urer the jrsdetion of ASTM Comite C77 om Precast Conerete Pract aa the dice epenedtity af Sthcormmidee C27 40 Cm Fiber Keen Concrete Me by the Spex Uy Foes aici approves Jane 8, 1981, Plt Noman 81 fe the nearest 0.01 g (0.00034 07), Designate this mess as C: STM 948-81 7. Calculation 7.1. Using the masses determined in accordance with the procedures deseribed in Section 16, make the calculations 2s follows (Note 3): a ry balk ders, em? = o wtb diy, ye! = a Waser aborption, 9% 100 @ a Apparent poroety, 6 =F ze Sx i00 « where A = immersed mass, 2 ® = scwurated-surfuce-dry mass, g, and C = oyemdry mass, g 9.1 The precision and bi suitable wire for suspending the specimen in water, “are 4. Sampling 4.1 Sampling method shall be in accordance with gove- ing specifieations, 5. Test Specimen 5.1 Whenever possible, the sample shall consist of indi- vidual portions of glasfiber reinfarecd concrete, each (0 be tested separately. The individual portions may be pieces of any sesined shape or size, except ihat the volume of each portion stall be not loss than 25 cm * (Gr SO ¢ nexminal mass glassefiber reinforced conerete, approximately 1.7 oz, and shall not be ‘preater than 650 em” or 1300 g nominal glassefiber reinforced eanerete, approximately 46 07), and cach portion shall be free of observable cracks, fissures, or shattered edges 6. Procedure 6.1 Immersed Muss und Sarurated Surface dnnmerston: 6.1.1 Immerse the specimen in water at approximately 21°C (20°F) for not less than 24 h and until two successive elermiinations of mass of the surface-dried specimens at 212 fe ar determinations of mass of the surface-dried specimens at incervals of 2 h show nn increase in mass of less than 0.5 % of the heavier mass, Determine the mass of the specimen sus- pended in water to the nearest 0.01 g (0.00034 ca), Desigmare this mass as , Now 2-—Take care during this operation to ensure that ae bubbles do tot adhsre w the surface ofthe specimen. 6.1.2 Remove the specimen fiom the water and quickly surface dry the specimen by removing surface moisture with a towel. Immediately determine the mass in air nearest 0.01 g. Designate this saturated surface-dry mass as B. 62 Oven-Dry Mass—Dry the specimen in an oven aia temperature of 100 to 110°C: (212 10 230°F) for not less than 24 hand until pwo successive determinations of mass of the dried specimen a intervals of 2 h show a deerease in muss of less than 0.5 % of the lowest mass obtained. After removing the spceimen from the oven, allaw it ¢© coo! in dry wir (preferably in a desiccator) to room temperature and determine its mass to Dey Mass After 2/2 | arene Now 3—Assuming the speciic gravity of water wy be 1 pcm’, the Aifernce is copa w the appar i Afeunty determination calelations have te uts of gm" & Report 81 8.1.1 Identification number of speci 8.1.2. Sample description and specimen size, 8.1.3 Date of testing, and B14 Tes results 8.14.1 Dry bulk density to dhe nearest 0.01 prem'(l Ibi), BALA Wet bulk density to the ncarest 0,01 pom'( Ibe), 8.14.3 Water absorp 8.144 Apparent porosity to the nearest 0.1 %. ine weight of a salurated sample weighed im air and in water iume of the sample in cm’. Therefore, the ‘The repor shall include the following: en, nto the nearest 0.1 %, and 9. Precision and Bias ceiceria are being develaped