Char Ley ir 1 ACT er L =) v % gradeup Sahi Prep Hai Toh Life Set Haigradeup Some of the important International Treaties ty of Westphalia (1648) The 30 Years War officially ended in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia The treaty was meant to settle conflicts, especially over religion. Principles of Westphalian Peace: Sovereignty Legal Equality Non-Intervention sigetgta aftrai ae (1648) O 30 aaa aa saver GR WR 1648 F che ait aectbfera & Brey ATG go a ae Ma aM er} eo ant 2s aoe ea O Reibfes sila & Rrsia: > oye > faleieara wart > seRaT vvyvoo of_— Treaty of Versailles (28 June, 1919] igned between Germany and the Allied Powers (Britain, France, Italy and Germany). Q It brought an end to the World War I. Q Blamed Germany for the war in the ‘War Guilt Clause’ wate af aftr (28 FH, 1919) OA site fra eet (fsrer, oie, sect oie oh & ota BeTeR| ORR Wer fay as oT sic Be Fea! O-aR fice sailor F ae & fer orth ot att seerC Impact of Treaty of Versailles: > Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points > Countries have the Right to Self-determination. > Creation of the League of Nations. O wate ot eft ar wera: > Ged aero 14 ah > eat & ure sreofa oT sf > up set ar Prato£ gradeup Treaty of Sevres (1920) O Signed between the Allies and Turkey at the end of World War I — C2 It was designed to liquidate the Ottoman Empire. Q It virtually abolished the Turkish Sovereignty. Q This treaty was replaced by the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923, which recognized Turkey. OQ The Sevres settlement saw the beginning of the Arab-Israeli Conflict. Saat af u SHAR Sey eat fear rar a SYST) THT BAT HX ae ies get ae ea TE fora gat a a SET GN orca gorge ata oh ON ELgradeup \Benewa Protocol (1925) igned after the World War |, the treaty_prohibits the first use of Chemical and Biological Weapons in international conflicts O It prohibits the use of asphyxiating, poisonous or other gases and analogous liquids and bacteriological methods of warfare. Eee ae mem ah ted wae Ou fae yx & aa ee i deel a reais sik afta e Sere eae ey eee ne aw edict or srt tet oft Ge & aed Rea vad six cary dae faffat a goat or ufeisifttd Bea 81gradeup Antarctic Treaty (1959) QAntarctica has been governed internationally by the provisions of the Antarctic Treaty QUnder this treaty, Antarctica has been declared a natural reserve, dedicated to peace and science. QO Under this treaty, Antarctica has to be kept completely demilitarized. BR UR Mea fear TAT aga aff & aed, spuRug fia fra Tas, GH ila Ak fears & fee waAftia g1 ase ae & aed, 3 aw at Regradeup Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (PTBT) 1963 7 it banned nuclear weapons test in atmosphere, outer space and under the water, except for those conducted underground. Q PTBT had no restraining effects on the further development of nuclear warheads. Quter Space Treaty (1967 C7 it prohibited the deployment of weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear weapons in space. stir wlan wfereier Bfer (prBT) 1963 a arr aise, sel siafter aie uri & sige RA] eae & war UR Milas eT fea ED RT et ERE NC APTS PR HH wel ei zreLarata afi 1967} oy a TT RATT] CaN ated afew faete & eran at cect oR te aT atgradeup Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) 1968 Qt is treaty to limit the proliferation of nuclear weapons. O The five nuclear weapons states (NWS) agreed not to transfer nuclear weapons technology to other states. O1Non-NWS state parties agree not to seek to develop nuclear weapons. SHER Gf (eT) 1968 age ware TAR & iftra oer at Sie p i 3 RAO Wes ad Sie ae wente occ TR Nws Usa 4 faokia oe a arr Cie nye < PRT PTgradeup CP Also known as the Nuclear Exporters Committee. Ottis the result of the Treaty on Non - Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) which entered force in 1970. C It maintains and updates a list of equipment that may only be exported if safeguards are applied to the recipient facility (called the Trigger List) ar It allow members to coordinate on nuclear export issues. 1971) Set ea he gst & SOAR (ner) UR BY ar aoa & aL ere O Fe GF Supe Ul ot Gere sik GT oe ot act at fafa a aa 9 hel OR Ball ALT TE Cl GA LA YEH Hel Tell B) O Be ee HRT } Yel OR Wa @) siqufa eat !Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT 1)4972 O First agreement between superpowers ze at limited the amount of nuclear weapons used. QO Imposed limits on nuclear capability of US and USSR. 2 No further production of Strategic Ballistic Missiles. Q Limited introduction of new intercontinental ballistic missile launchers and submarine-launched _ ballistic missiles. arate area wftater fer (sacri) 1972 . a wet fag soaht TRAY Stead a Ser wt Sifted ax fears O us she usse ot URANO] area Ux wfeaer cary fea Oy oeeoerenie ART Pree ae oh wea @ a ae a @M arett aferees Prasat or dita savageee. ‘—Biblogical Weapons Convention (1972) QO This treaty prohibited the development, production and stockpiling of biological and toxin weapons. O It also mandated the destruction of Bio-weapons. viferer pftrare wargital (1972) Owe af 4 afte sik fade efron & fore, SATS Be VarAter en wl vfctaiftra ae Fea Ose a often & fare at of aiftart we feargradeup Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) 1975 Ottis concerned with reducing nuclear proliferation O The NSG was formed in response to the Indian nuclear test in May 1974. O It has 48 participating governments Ott seeks to prevent nuclear proliferation by controlling the export of materials, equipment and technology that can be used to manufacture nuclear weapons. INSG) 1975 Saban ad a aati . FE 1974 F uedta Wea Tela at wfafeaT A nse wT Oa eer TT a Fer aaey cae gral Pra 3 eer a ome Oat Seah, Gua ak greta & Pata a PRE web WAY TER wt Tara el¢ gradeup Moon Treaty (1979) Ot prohibits militarization of Moon. o~ottatenle Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT II) 1979 U Never Ratified. Q Limited production of long-range and intercontinental ballistic missiles. gE Ae eo Og dsr OR em eee 31 waite are oft Sf (salt uy) 1979 aa i ote ataremerditer ae Prargett Sa£ gradeup Australia Group (1985) Qiit is an informal group to help member countries identify those exports which may contribute to the spread of chemical and biological weapons. Q) Works on No Undercut and Catch All Principles. QO It has 43 members including the European Commission. : Gk fatal at om a a eS a od er dae & fee we arene ays ¢ ol meres ae wifes afieart wa A aig He Ged €1 EE aes ES SESE TH Rael Ogee qida sri ale 43 Haw z1Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) 1987 Signed between the United States of America and the Soviet Union. 2 It was a treaty on the Elimination of their Intermedfate-Range and Shorter-range Missiles. 2 Under the INF treaty, United States and the USSR agreed to eliminate within three years all ground launched missiles of 500 — 5500 km range and not to develop, produce or deploy these in future. United states has formally withdrawn from the INF Treaty. aa feet SPY (ine) 1987 O Get Tet aa dla SeTIaR) a Se Sra Sa aa ey OY erga ITNT BA 2 ter ate Fy, Saga et eae Ty ssn 500 2500 Sata ot are aah fiengat oF dt ESTeGR lw se eg BY area Tae StyaT Gard ae oes we AeHfa Sia | a Hager eer aehfeor shariee ea S ine a IA TTS 1_grodeup Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) 1987 Q It is founded by the G7 countries. Q It is an informal and voluntary partnership between 35 countries. Olt aims to prevent the proliferation of missile and unmanned aerial vehicle technology capable of carrying above 500 kg payload for more than 300 km. ee MTCR) 1987 O46 67 Tee! aw Sea a aik rafaxe a gig 2 ofr aftr Ret ot a eH ag Prereg! ae arse fevip - : 19 9h) = Kurd oa Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty | (START I) 1991 1 It was a successor to SALT agreements Q It provided limitations on strategic offensive arms. uN BL Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty Il (START II) 1993 a Ballistic Olt prohibited intercontinental Ballistic missiles with multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles. wake xa BAR (START) 1991 |Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty | (START I) 1991 (It was a successor to SALT agreements Q It provided limitations on strategic offensive arms. Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty II (START II) 1993 Olt prohibited intercontinental ballistic missiles with multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles._gradeup es: ‘Chemical Weapons Convention (1993) QItis an arms control treaty that outlaws the production, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons and their precursors. Olt is administered by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical ‘Weapons, an intergovernmental organization, Hague. mean BET (1993 suart oT Rua Ub sieRon deq, wera Sha Shr eeerow emi n"UO This treaty prohibited the sa ent, production and stockpiling $f biological ard toxin weapons. O It also mandated the-destrtiction of Bio-weapons. safer pftreare wargital (1972) age of 4 afew otk fata eftont & faore, SOTA Be VarAtereor al Ufctaifera ae FAT Ose ta often & fear at of aitart we feargradeup L_-wassenaar Agreement (1996) Q It is a multi-lateral export control regime which became operational in 1996. Q It focuses on Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies. Q It has 42 members and decisions are taken by consensus. O Itis not a Treaty and therefore not legally binding. aa 1996} . aa ed Og Up Pray age 1996 elgradeup Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (1996) Qt is a multilateral treaty that bans all nuclear explosions for both civilian and military purposes, in all environments like in space, below the ocean, etc. Q India, Pakistan and North Korea are not signatories to this treaty me udtaror were fF (1996) ala df 8 Ht ame sik S27 ° gee Sine ret aeuche wae ; alt cer & aang frertel ox wfrde amt | Oud, ule ok oR olka ga ae & Beat et SI¢ __sradeup P jaba Treaty (1996) Q1Also known as the African Nuclear Weapon Free Zone Treaty. It aims to establish a Nuclear Weapons Free Zone in Africa. QO It also prohibits any attack against nuclear installations in the zone by the parties of the treaties. 1996) SRT ee are gon ay aft =H a of anager wethe nes gen eae aw dao aa ari aa A aary_ufaerit face fore oft ret oe a ofa cee 1£ gradeup \_-— Dtheuclear Free Zone Treatie C Treat of Tlatelolco (1967) - Latin America and the Caribbean O Treaty of Rarotonga (1985) — South Pacific O Treaty of Bangkok (1995) — Southeast Asia O Treaty of Semipalatinsk (2006) — Central Asia SUR ae ata Sf ope ate ceed? (1967) - cea oar sik O etal at fe (1985) - cleo weit O dere at SY (1995) - eferor gd CRT O Sfravenfeeer at Gifs (2006) - AeA UAT£ gradeup og START Treaty (2010) C signed between United States and Russia. Otis a nuclear arms reduction treaty. Ot calls for halving the number of strategic nuclear missile launchers. Hig start Ufa (2010) O aged ter sfer sie wa & dha eT! ae Cer ORATYT ef HteoRTT Hf SI awe ae ee Bee Xie a ten at STE PEANuclear Weapons Ban Treaty (2017) Q The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons was adopted in 2017 by the United Nations General Assembly. OO It is the first multilateral legally binding instrument for nuclear disarmament. C1 It prohibits a full range of nuclear weapons related activities such as undertaking to develop, test, produce, manufacture, acquire, possess, or stockpile nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices. ‘weeny efi wfae FY (2017) o Tea ef 2017 Ff Se UE ASTI ERT SAAT Ta ai oF efter Freseterser 8 fg weer gute org ee ete as eftanl a eaitia afafatiel a xiguf wl ulcer Sa ee a ory even see Wea eA, SecA bea, IO) oe, aE Base oe ergradeup Code:/Pe: (a) (b) (c) (d) A. (iii) (iv) (ii) B. (iti) (il) (iv) (i) c. (iv) (i) (iii) (ii) D. (iil) (i) (iv) (iii)Nut— ey gradeup Sahi Prep Hai Toh Life Set Hai Keep attending topic-wise quizzes live classes ee eeePractise Keep attending topic-wise qui; live classes eg Le wU— ane LED(DO bt ta Q PT he Pina ele: topic-wise quizzes live classes= ad Co Lon Prep Hai Toh Life Set Hai Keep attending live classesgradeup Sahi Prep Hai Toh Life Set Hai Practise Keep attending topic-wise quizzes live classes