You are going to read a newspaper article about young people and technology. For questions 31-36, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. Mark your PartS answers on the separate answer sheet. Ine 5 tne 22 ne 24 Young People and Technology Danah Boyd is a specialist researcher looking at how young people use technology there's one cliche that ally grates with Danah Boyd, who has made a career from studying the way younger people use the web, its that ofthe digtal native. There's nothing native about young people engagement ‘ith technology! she ays, adamant, She hs litle time forthe widely held assumption that kids are innately ‘more adept at coping withthe web or negotiating the hurdles of digital ie. Young people are learning about the social world around them’ she ays, Today that word has computer mediated communications. Thus, ‘order to learn about their social world, they'e learning about those things too. And they te leveraging thal to ‘Work out the stu that kids have always worked out par socaiy status el Tis no surprise che takes exception, really: as one of the fist digital anthropologists to dig into the way people use social networking sts, Boy! has a track record of exposing the Wuths that underpin many of fur assumptions about the online worl. Along the way she's gained insights into the socal web ~ nt just by conducting sucies of how many kids were using social-networking sites, but by taking closer Took at what was going on. Litely, her work has been about explaining new ways of interpreting the behaviour we see online, and understanding thatthe context of online activity is often moce subtle than we first imagine. She ‘outlined some examples ata recent conference in San Francisco, including the case of a young man from one of the poorest dstrits of Lot Angeles who was applying o a prestigious American college. The applicant std he wanted to escape the influence of gangs and violence, but the admissions officer was appalled wien he discovered thatthe boy’s MySpace page was plastered with precisely the violent language and gang imagery he claimed to abhor. Why was he lying about his motivations, asked the university? ‘He naan’, says Boyd: in his world, showing the right images online was a key part of surviving daily ie, Understanding whats happening online is especially pertinent while discussions rage about how perceptions of privacy are shiting - particularly the idea that today’s teenagers have a vasly dierent proach to privacy from ther predecessors. Instead, Hoya says, actltes tat srke adults asracically new are often more easly undersond from the perspective of teenagers. Kids have always cared about privacy, its jt that ther notions of privacy look very ferent ram adult nations she says. “Kids often dont have the kind of privacy adults assume they do, Adults, by and large, think ofthe home as a very private space. ‘The thing is for young people thats often not the case because they have litle oe na corral aver who has access toi, or under what conditions. Asa result, he online world can feel more private because i feels Tike theres more conta This concept of control is central to Boyd's work and it applies not_only to debunking myths about teenage behaviour, but also to similar idea that have emerged about the rest ofthe ‘web. Unlike some prognostieators who preach unstoppable revoltion, Boyd suggests that control remains, by and large, inthe same places i ahtays did Technologists all go for the notion of “techno-utopia", the web as peat democratsey she says. ‘Sure, weve made creation and distribution more avalable 0 anyone, but 3 he same time weve made those things irrelevant. Now the commodity fn dstbution, is attention ~ and guess what? We're not actually democraising the whole system ~ weir jus shifing the way in which we discelminate, Ies a call to arms that most academic researchers would tend to sidestep, but then Boyd admits to treading a fine line between academic and activist. After al, she ads, pat of her purpose Is 10 look at the very questions that make us fel uncomfortable. ‘Part of iis that as a researcher, everybody's ‘obsessed with Twiter and Facebook, and we've got amateur research ll over the place’ she say "Plenty fof scholars are jumping in and looking at very specific things. The questions I continue to want to ask ae the things that are challenging to me: having to sit down and be force to think about uncomvotable socal stuff, and Its really hard to get my head around i which means ifs exacily what | should dive in and deal with’Reading and Use of English point does Danah Boyd make about ‘computer-mediated communications’ (line 5)? They set out to teach the young about social interaction. They are an integral part of a young person's social interaction. © They act as a barrier to wider social interaction amongst young people. D They take the place of other sorts of social interaction for young people. th the second paragraph, what do we learn about Danah’s research into social networking sites? A thas largely sought to account for their rapid growth, B thas tended to question people's attitudes towards them, C Ithas taken the form of in-depth studies into how they are designed. D Ithas begun to investigate whether they are as influential as people think What point does Danah’s example of the Los Angeles college applicant illustrate? A how easy itis to misinterpret an individual's online activity B how readily somebody's online activity can be investigated what their online activity can tell us about a person's sincerity D how important itis to check the content of someone's online activity The phrase ‘debunking myths' (ine 32) refers to Danah's view that today’s teenagers are less concemed about privacy than previous generations. teenagers value the idea of privacy more in a domestic environment. B © teenagers’ attitudes to privacy are changing less than people think D__ parents tend not to respect teenagers’ need for online privacy. Danah uses the term 'techno-utopia’ (line 34) to underline her view that A her research has resonance for a community of web users of all ages. people have unrealistic expectations about the influence of the web. control of the web remains in much the same hands as before. the web has a largely positive effect on many people's lives. In the last paragraph, we are given the impression that Danah_ A feels that a lot of research about the web is lacking in sufficient detail B is aware that some issues in her field cannot yet be researched fully. © regards herself as being more of a philosopher than a researcher. D_is willing to take on research challenges others would avoid.You are going to read an article about the work of a TV animator. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the extract. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap (87-43). ‘There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Part6 ‘An Animated Life ‘easy to see why stop-motion animation has a reputa- tion for being, well, slow. We've got a target of 13. seconds a day. Most other companies do three or four, but because we're doing series work and there's tight deadlines, we have to push it to 13 seconds ~ that is 325 frames in other words. Its quite strange, hhe muses, ‘because its 80 tight word, ‘dull! Adam Farish works In stop-motion animation ~ the fechrique of making TV cartoons by maripling static models rather than using drawings or computers. 1 might sound a bt chide, but kel chs py. tal poople what do, and they go, "You cant do tha, Gets proper jb!” Ashoopish gin spreads across the face of Adam Faxsh, 6, wh spends cighthoursa day playing with do, makes me laugh, Pe shrugs. Ard, Gn eve, he laugh. Its an explosive, whoozy laugh 2 fret erupton of permanent suppressed amusement Even after three years es an animator, seems asi recat befive his uk a pagers Sey | ip Sere His company’s big projet athe moment i the now Rupert Bea series, Follow the Magic. Consequently, Fearsh has spent many months absorbed in Rupert's Surtel enistence. itis acing, but you're not using Your own body to act wth he expains. We come in and we nave o pretend we'e five-year od toy bears rescuing elephants out cl res. It does something to your head ater a while” “This great mountain of work mus all be performed amino lvel of deal, and with complete accuracy. {charactor makes aarge geste, fr instance there mst aways bo a sight reel nthe im betore they dh it-The must be posed and photographed. Birkin, wich a character must co all the tine itis o seem fuman involves repiacing an open eyelid with a hal Closed eyelid and aking a pleture, hen replacing tis wth a thoe-quarter closed eyed and aking picture, then switching toa fully closed one and taking api: ture hen puting on he tree-quartr oe again . = a ans When you factor inal the werk done by others in buiing and ighting he sts comecty and proving tach character with ther props and costumes, It 18 36 ("he searches for the st egaease che SB e! 40 So, as far as anyone can tell, the knack of getting it fight is handed aut at birth, and not to many people. Yet despite the rareness ofthe sil the animator's job is seldom secure. Most work on short-term contracts (Farish’s runs out in May), and, as with s0 many labour intensive industries, other countries are taking {an ever-increasing share of the business, father wn bellevad firmly in discipline. This belief en- a ea ese cea Farish grew up in Aldefshot, an army town, with a gendered the opposite in his son, who, despite being bright, barely attended school and managed to leave with a bad report and an attitude problem. was a bit mouthy, he says, ‘generally my own fault” He survived on what work he could find, moving on from town to town onco he'd outstayed his welcome. ‘at times, | loved it’ he admits, that total freedom from responsibility. And then it starts goting a bit cold, and you think: Help! How am | going to eat?” 3 Now Farish makes £30,000 a year, atleast until May, land has never been happier. Despite the insecurity, the boredom, and having to explain what he does all the fime, he Says he loves his job — especially when ‘the dolls gat something exciting to do.