OVERVIEW OF CHAPTER 3

The research methodology refers to the most appropriate way of conducting research

and developing an optimal technique for responding to the study problem. It requires the

research design, data collection, unit of analysis, sampling frame, proposed data analysis and

the summary of this chapter. Furthermore, it is important that the sampling process and

methods used in the collection of data have been selected and examined systematically and

thoroughly in order to assess the impact of the research.

RESEARCH DESIGN

As it has been indicated earlier, the main purpose of this research is to know the

effectiveness of e-hailing service of grab company toward the community in Klang Valley. In

this research, researches using Quantitative research involve statistics through the use of large-

scale survey. In this research, we are using the questionnaire method. Meanwhile, the

quantitative data is used by the researcher as a primary focus to capture all relevant knowledge

about this research. The questionnaire will be contributed towards community Klang Valley

who are using e-hailing grab service to fulfil the data of this research. This research has been

developed to examine the effectiveness of e-hailing service toward the community in Klang

Valley. Moreover, researchers have developed a Google Form tools to collect feedback or

information from the community in Klang, Valley about the topic relevant to our research

using the questionnaire. Next, online questionnaires were distributed by messenger channels

such as Whatsapp and Instagram designed to gather primary data from selected respondents.

The questionnaire was distributed to around 120 communities residing in the Klang Valley.

The questionnaire shall include demographic details and questions related to the research

variables of the current investigation. Meanwhile, Researchers use the Likert scale to classify
the effectiveness of the e-hailing service by the grab company against the Klang Valley

community to obtain the answer to the questionnaire applicable to this report.

Furthermore, this research will decide if the community in Klang Valley has a good

connection to the e-hailing service offered by the grab service. As a consequence, researchers

are unable to account for any influence that lets the e-hailing by grab service have a positive

impact or not toward customer that using the service. This study would examine the efficacy of

the ehailing service in terms of fees, service and knowledge of the driver that affects

performance and the philosophy of e-hailing growth.

DATA COLLECTION METHOD

In research, data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on

variables of interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer stated

research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes. Meanwhile, there are different

methods used to gather information, all of which fall into two categories, i.e. primary and

secondary data (Douglas, 2015). Based on the data collection, the researcher extracted the data

collected from the respondent through the survey or questionnaire that give to respondents had

answered. Next, all the data gathered were reviewed in order to achieve the findings of this

research. Hence, the methods of processing data can be isolated into two which is primary data

and secondary data.

1) PRIMARY DATA

Primary data refers to the resources taken first hand from the respondent and the secondary

data refers to the resources taken from the data that is already produced by other researches

(Hussin, 2017). In this research, to collect the information, the questionnaire was circulated to
respondents through Google Form and will sent thru social media such as WhatsApp and

Instagram. From this point, on the basis of data collection the researchers will gather data from

the respondent through the questionnaire that was answered by the respondent. Therefore,

researchers will distribute the questionnaires to our target respondents which is focus on

community in Klang Valley, that have interest in using e-hailing service provided by grab.

Thus, all data gathered will be reviewed in order to obtain the result of this research. This

approach would make it easier to use in the final stage of data coding, data processing and data

interpretation by making the procedure clear.

2) SECONDARY DATA

Secondary data is the data that has already been collected through primary sources and refers to

the resources taken from the data that is already produced by other researches. Meanwhile, data

collection through secondary sources is intended to provide a guide to support and give a clear

image of this research, to obtain information, to find the facts and findings of the study. The

data, theory and knowledge in this analysis were extracted from the review process of the

numerous journals provided by different researchers from all over the world. Most of the

journal’s researchers taken from Google Scholar, Gutenberg.Org, Eric.ed.gov, Research Gate

and other online data base.

UNIT ANALYSIS

The unit of analysis is the major entity that analyzing in the research such as related to

individual or organizations and it probably what will be consider to be the main focus of

researcher study. Answers the question of ‘what’ and ‘who’ is being studied in a business

research (Kumar, 2019). For instance, if the unit of measurement is not clear, the researcher

would not be able to make a hypothesis, decide on the method of sampling, choose the correct
measuring instrument for data collection and identify the study issue. In this study, the

researchers have determined that the factors that influence the effectiveness of e-hailing (Grab)

toward the community is the fees of the GrabCar service, the quality of GrabCar services and

the Knowledge of GrabCar driver. The study of effectiveness of GrabCar services can provide

insight into the factor of the community choose GrabCar services as their preferred brand of

choice where they were influence by the fees, quality of services and the knowledge of

GrabCar driver.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

The sampling technique is defined as a process used in statistical analysis in which a

predetermined number of observations are taken from a larger population. The methodology

used to sample from a larger population depends on the type of analysis being performed, but it

may include simple random sampling or systematic sampling (Touvila, 2020). Sampling

methods are usually categorized in 'Probability' and 'Non-Probability' samples. This analysis

has established that the sampling type is a basic random sampling since this research study on

the efficacy of ehailing services (Grab) in the Klang Valley region in Malaysia and the size of

the population can be identified, such as the number of people using e-hailing in the Klang

Valley. There are five type of probability which Simple Random Sampling, Stratified Random

Sampling, Cluster Sampling, Systematic Sampling, and Other Sampling Technique. The

researchers in this study also have decided to use the simple random sampling for the study. In

this method, every individual sample has an equal chance of being selected from the population

in common people.

The researches of this study have decided population the respondents for this study is

community at Klang Valley. Therefore, the sample for this study is the community at Klang
valley whom using the e-hailing service in their daily life. Also, the questionnaires will

distribute to the samples via Social Media or email in the form of Google Form.

The population and sample for this analysis were identified in a few stages, such as the

researchers first identified the target population as the first step in the sampling process. The

definition should be consistent with the research study's goal of gathering good data. Once the

population concept is explicit, the researchers will decide the sampling framework for the

sample.

After that, the researchers picked the sampling tool and circulated the questionnaire to the

Klang Valley population in order to collect the results. The selection of the sampling approach

is informed by the research goals and the outcome of the sample. The final step is the

researcher's study and evaluation of the findings of the questionnaire. This is the final stage in

the sampling process, where the actual collection of the sample elements has already been

rendered and provides the researcher with a data outcome.

PROPOSED DATA ANALYSIS

According to Sharma a researcher form Sri Aurobindo Medical College & PG Institute,

India, stated that data analysis is the method of systematically applying mathematical and/or

logical methods for the purpose of explaining and demonstrating, condensing and retrieving

and analyzing data. By carrying out a data analysis, the data obtained for a study can be

converted into facts and understanding, and the relationship between the variables may be

discussed. Also, by understanding the data processing process, researchers will be able to grasp

the importance of the scientific techniques, including the hypothesis evaluation and the

statistical significance of the research issues. However, there are many concerns that a

researcher should address when reviewing the data for their analysis in order to generate the
best and most reliable data. Some of the issues are such as when a researcher decides to analyze

their data, they must ensure they got the right skill to analyze those data correctly, they must be

able to distinguish different types of data and statistical test. They must also able to draw

unbiased inference and also make sure that their data has high reliability and validity

This study carried out the data analysis process by implementing the 6 basic steps of the data

analysis process. The 6 steps are:

DATA DATA
REQUIREMENT DATA PROCESSING
COLLECTION
GATHERING

DATA DATA
CLEANING ANALYSIS COMMUNICATION

Diagram: The Data Analysis Process

1. Data Requirement Gathering

The data needed for study is focused on test questions or tests. This is where the

elements needed by the analysis can be defined so that data on the elements can be

obtained. For an example, based on this study, the populations (community at Klang

Valley) and samples (whom using grab service now or before) will identified. The

variables that would be studied in this research also have been identified such as

independent variables (Fees, Service and The Knowledge of Driver) and dependable
 variables (the effectiveness of E-Hailing Services (Grab)) In order to collect the data

related to those variables and study them.

2. Data Collection

This applies to the method of obtaining related information on the variables

established as a data prerequisite. Researchers must ensure that the details gathered for

the analysis must be as truthful and precise as possible. (Krishna, 2019). For an

example, based on this study, the researchers have reviewed passed journals and, also

developed and distributed questionnaires to the targeted respondent via (Google form)

to get the data which is required for this study, the relevant journals were analyzed and

the questionnaires were send to the right respondent (current user of Grab services or

user that have experience using Grab services) in order to get honest and accurate

information’s.

3. Data Processing

After all the related and applicable data are gathered, the data must be analyzed

or arrange for review. This involves a structured structure of the data so that it can be

conveniently examined later on. (Krishna, 2019). For an example, based on this report,

after the data are obtained from the respondents by means of questionnaires, their data

will be moved to an excel spreadsheet. This is done so that the data can be conveniently

evaluated later on.

4. Data Cleaning

Once the data is collected, compiled and converted to the spreadsheet, the data

will be checked and cleaned up to avoid any mistakes or possible errors (Krishna,

2019). For an example, based on this study, after the data have been transferred into a
 spreadsheet the researcher will check all the numbers again and adjust all the missing

numbers and other errors to avoid wrong data analysis and interpretations.

5. Data analysis

Once the data has been washed, the data can be processed and the review process will

be carried out using a range of data analysis methods. For example, based on this

report, after the data has been cleaned on the spreadsheet, the data is then moved to the

SPSS framework version 23.0 for review. The SPSS (Statistics Package for Social

Sciences) framework, also known as IBM SPSS Statistics, is a software package used

to interpret statistical results. By using the SPSS system, the correlation, regression

analysis, ANOVA and more could be identified. This system will help to simplify and

communicate the data easily.

6. Communication

When the data has been processed using a data processing method such as

SPSS, the data can also be displayed in different tables, diagrams, bar charts and more

and can also help you better interpret and convey the data. For example, based on this

report, once the data has been processed using the SPSS method, the data is then

computed into a summary analysis. Definition Analysis refers to the method of

'describing the specific features of the data in the report. Together with simple graphical

analysis, they form the basic virtual of any quantitative analysis of data” (Kale, 2013).

This will enable the researchers to arrange and present the data in an effectively so it

can be understood and communicated efficiently by the reader.

 In the other hand, this analysis was carried out using only the quantitative

research approach and not the qualitative research method, since it was rather time

intensive and precious. (Bowen, 2009). Quantitative analysis method can be described

as a research method that deals with quantifying and evaluating variables in order to

obtain results. This includes the use and study of computational statistics using complex

mathematical methods to address questions such as who, how many, when, when,

where, how much, and how much. (Leedy & Ormrod 2001; Williams, 2011). Thus,

aliaga and gunderson (2002), also defined the quantitative research method as the

explaining of an issue or phenomenon through gathering data in numerical form and

analyzing with the aid of mathematical methods, in particular statistic. State that

quantitative research involves data collection so that information can be quantified and

subjected to statistical treatment in order to support or refute alternative knowledge

claims" also points out that quantitative study starts with a problem statement, a theory

or research issue, a corresponding literature examination, and a quantitative analysis of

data. Overall, this study only used the quantitative research method to collect and

analyzed all its data because the quantitative method was easy to use, less time

consuming and also cheap.

The analysis goals were then established in order to analyze the variables found.

Population and surveys were identified and questionnaires were developed and circulated

to the respondents to gather data on variables. After that, all the data obtained are

organized and passed to the SPSS statistical programmed for descriptive analysis where

the SPSS system will compute the minimum, maximum, mean and the standard deviation

for the dependent and independent variable. Next the SPSS will measure the reliability
 scale on all of the variable to make sure that the Cronbach’s Alpha is .007 only the DV

and IV can be accepted. Moreover, the SPSS software help to observe the correlation of

two things such as the correlation between DV and IV1 or DV and IV2 and so on. Then,

a regression analysis is done to analyses and estimating the relationship between the

dependent variable with one independent variable. After all the data have been analyzed

using the SPSS system, the data then are transferred and interpreted so it can be easily

read and understand.

Finally, as the results for this study will be developed.

SUMMARY

In conclusion, the purpose of this study is to recognize the cause of the

effectiveness of e-hailing services (Grab) for the community in Klang Valley, Malaysia.

There is a total of 4 variables listed for further analysis on the important relationship

between fees, service and knowledge of driver in Malaysia. This chapter addressed a

discussion of all the relationship seen in the analysis context. Based on the studied that

has been carried out, the researcher has been deciding to use quantitative research

method. By using this kind of method, it helps to analyze the numerical data in order to

get the results and outcome. Furthermore, this study has been classified as simple

random sampling for the sampling techniques. Most of the sampling method in this

study is using simple random method in order to ensure the standard of the study results

towards the effectiveness of e-hailing services (Grab) toward the community in Klang

Valley, Malaysia.