ie watreres eit are aR a see fora’ & fore cit a4 (Leyroy Instrument), 4&4 3 (Varigraph {pstrument), €et awa (Hand Press Machin) seen PrP arat are a Safer a rt BR HR Bi oer aa ea eae in eae A Sone CTemplate) AY ARK He Bee fire sre 8 garam ae ae sre aca uh ae ah Gee gra nina we fed Rea fers 9)1 Se ar 8 art saan 3 ora fe eet & afar gers fore aerator aad 5a Seehof omer Bi 8 ove rm oom der a Fn ach wot man Siar 81 sree fora 3 uwny weet ah ur ea gay vad t aan dra ay ae pee TA eT 3% gat thor sen A MER GT oT wh SEH favor ah Sheet em wre at wee ‘Ros we Hh See awe eh & oy ff ae dh a ah sy Fv, eet Hh Re Stern srerT Seyetet aH orereeaA ae aA Ai eat Ha fae A ween vem aT gear seal a SHS Be oem aren are Ba te eH ee AR een rae ae fa a BA BR err ora Fev oh a te Fa rs ehh rer are ea & Fh eee ae aor 84 a dee & ser ¥ gma # (few 1.10)! faa 1.9- dita aa faa 1.10- date a © Sah sca & afte sitar aeha, art aed at aia, aris wen waft one at Wa war & fore ee one ara reach some at oafeaeR st sae at 2 afer (Cartography )- afar fara danke waa a aera A falta, abit. neat an aerers ete @1 mescn a} fe Berd 9 Rocher wed # wae eaheontia fara @- a is Scena anes a ratte sak art a Fa, Gi fra Barra wee 81” Fare Ug & arf fran & agen, “wh van & afta wd al at can a haw, re iy SATS are ae O38 ae et Pa we, eT aera @1 Soeieh GRATNTSH oh area a ga Pred TC aeaA & FB Arafeerarer arafeaT a ae ayiste | ee a 3 ceri Satta ah were area APTS esa ATE Hed A STEP TART ae Sih Pra Sh ar Ree gee zr Bas ‘FAI Aref’ (General Cartography) # afar 4 fear é Eee pict, 30 sftraa sere, 10 ster aT Fat 10 afer are Rat ar gran ata G10", 1. Monkhouse, F.J., A Dictionary of Geography, London, 1965, P. 55. 2, Raisz Erwin, General Cartography, London, 1948, P. XI. 3. U.N. Deptt of Social Affairs. Moder Cartography, New York, 1949, 4, Raisz Erwin, op. cit. p. XIII.wl MIA Sreray Sere AH a omy af ga a aaenne an ae aren on awe fai ae eae 81 oS ATR rafts 8 aed a vargas amp wean emery fall tr ara ara are Pulte sear sk wafer wR guar seca saPlarl ey a anon dian Bazi ges fer arog & area a ater aed eh ey FM fl tes at fee she Maer fen me ed Be FG aa BRA oe AS AAR ay fhia el Srey git aie : Fires we are Segall ate a wehRia aA ae yeah 3 eT oe Sea al Parga ta ty psf st & orga at aes wed G1 Gat real A, ret oe feel arte ft site aafera oe weft FF AS seg BATH Fea ET ‘The scale is the ratio between the “gmap represent." -Strahler™ “The scale of a map or drawing is the fixed proportion i vor drawing bears to the corresponding distance on the ground.’ oamre: vauis ait fara lane & seis act at din fatal : (1. HOATEAK (By Simple Statement )- HH Sea a we Aaa AR we aly PAA Br FR vedi arn Bas Faro fae ora e FA 1 Seo = 10 Farfto aaa 1 TA = 10 feo A gat wees aren €1 7 gS wae & fore ge er A sala aro-wuneh a oftaa ear areas 21 rere ane faepe wae A ae one or: we aS are oh ae oaks aoa ae a wei arama ee See Brean El aT ST Gea eae ga STE Te AAP aT SarTITT A we ae 2! 2. Taare ar aes ATE (By Construetional or Graphical Scale )—/8 FAPY # gO way aie ea & vert velar 2 ge as oer ae e FH rahe a Pagal wh ell sa BEET etree aga ot gf at se Br oH aT ATTA Ue SETS IGT TST ear ves a gers A rate el rho Fert acer ate aie gens Hee fore 84.1 eae TART 3 Freda oy agave sb He; oA are oma seh agora tet an ag sen 1 ap distance and the actual ground distance that the hich every distance on the map *Kanetkar* 1. Stra N. : Physical Geography. 1971. P. 621 2. Kanetkar, TP. : Surveying and Levelling, 1958, p. 11.24 vets ier 0: Bevis firm (By Representative Fraction) + mM $5 a ate gh em oA aes fw ge ey su 3h fi ru 3 fr wo Bt an AS at fete gf some en ane (Denominator) ae ar rat, Barats, gO a sae aM 1 a 1/1000, Hel 1 eta BA @ at 100000 aaa, sa gfh Br a3 ae awe hl hte cone ed mean 1 CT Fh = Moggon 71: 00 Art a eh ae rere 1 ees 4 wai fi seels fin arate ee eeretes gf an sigue & seals fh 5) ee aareft ar uftads (Conversion of Scale) + Ses are at svi fre a we gat a ome @ ORs fer oT Ta eI A ge argent Sa ara 3 arctan uaa het eT eB “Sanur: (1+) = Pratean aass ar aero aroha a eels PH acted = (i) 1 fa = 6 tha, (ji) 4 $2 = 1 Ah, (ill) 1 Bho = § PRO, (iv) 5 Fo = 1 FARO, (v) 1 ea= 3 ater a rata ae 2 my, (vi) 1 Sato = 5 faafho 2 dehtet ae 3 Sarit) | aw (i) 1 f= 6 te | ‘fi we rg gang G8 ove: eet ra Cate) at oh Sat Rata me at | v1 Bie = 63360" 1.6 TIE = 63360x6 = 380160" am: went fie = 4 at 380160 Gi) 4 34 =1 te fs em aa at garg aH a: facta are at st Ga aa ARR 4 Fs oT 1 he sata 1 Fas oor e SO ag = 15840" 1 1 wets fra = ee fa 15840, at iii) 1 Ho = 5 farfo ‘fe war ary ot garg Sho @ ara: fetta ara (ato) at a Bo Facet “1 Rte = 100000 to -.$ faiio = 100000x5 = so0000 to 1 ama: weal Pra = SO eh Civ) 5 @to = 1 fartio “afte ar ara Seo A @ ora: fata ary a Seo H aftafia ax at9 en MILES4 42 10 4 ‘ SECONDARY DIVISION 1 1 MILE PRIMAWY TiViSiOn fra 2.1 soda fra Ae; weft my a afen an A MA 48.17.16) rd} Ry eee fered er ge aT Gly fe oti A afte year Ma MIT an tes ame Seg aN A en fae fre 2.4 A Reaver mays fe wey a ay fer A ater nen A dn fa, ferry) rafts mn ay Tata fhe A aR aula Halen va Ay “tftre are 3s WAR (Types of Graphical Scale) : RTARTA AT AMT (Simpleor Plain Scale), _ WeeRRIFTaN ATTA: (Comprative Seale), gestern faereh AI (Diagonal Scale), agente (Vernier Scale), FH A TT AT (Scale of Paces), |. SERV] ATU (Scale of Revolutions), 5 6 7. Fae ai Gi ATG (Time and Distance Seale), 8. TA AM (Scale of Slopes), 9 0. 1 Fat a, eet fre of Square-Roots), of Qube-Roots)! ‘fae mrott ait tet ufeea : ‘ftges rah aa & fee, wets hed cates flr ar ora at & aT (an) at eae Be ara G1 Ta ore Te a Sram aT et A Feo wet 1 onde Van a aA capil 8 fawnfara ara & fee fae sentir faltral wa oft ai @ yam fate Hr fe AB Oe ate tar ats aR ani A aie 21 Fed 2.2 & HARK A fay WR ain aa es ae ae Tar AC wife sea sae ang gO Ga AC TaN FAH a Gat Ha fare i oes aa B Argel a Pe a DEL 3G Prgol @ HB Tar A fam - 2.2 fertn fea fra 2.3 3 org A ea A fry oe aid A pa a A aK B fir & aera if aifon andl ef BC’ Tard wafer) sa ea HH aig gO cla AC wd BC Tarail ames ta ee we raul fore (sD, | G,Haa GPE, DH) 3iftia aif TMT, Fa Bem gr A. Dp’ GG' War HB ward aifea A ead AB ae TaN aH S ANT MT a hem)ure pret a vert Hears 28 aha ar; free of tae are a aa TA Farah aA ener area ere # 1, Arad) at) Yan al en maT fie ait raph oy iret # 2. tan a rand anaeoT a ga Ht 6 GA ara 10 Ah ithe a dia rf ah & fare fata fasta 8 aps ze) mn arr af) an ath a, aed) a ten ay fairs ‘ am, 2.4,5,10.? asthe az ath oat an Fear fase seen Fate A seeere azar fawrsa A pol yea ath wey gs. ura an siarg arp AN) va ow A ten Ro 6. San fea 2.7 8 ap 2 A eam ae a nate er ea ye say Si wey arate ary 8 suka wa, yer AT all aie olla fav art 7. ima aT weetey fit A) sou aeday lh Gear a nee all atte afar aie aft) 8. ATT aed A ate wa Gard HF onan ai aft creo aT {SIMPLE SCALE] AR TT aT RAT aH ary. 85 sas Gap at aera (Units) at en ste a tn, agp farcnex a Beeiiiee, Geheien a Ganthce, Gantize a thee eae ah ae on (ge sree & fara rr pee era a we: 0.1 aT ea oT Aa TET SH aA 2 Serger (4) ee Fr Ee eer fe fi, Pr Psi fact: § efi od or aS ain Sa 4 Pho 6 Bo a aA aifaa site = 30 Fo —— am AR 1 To a gt = oa m 50000 Bo _ 50000 100000 a 50000%12 : ~ 100000 = 6 fifo a 12 ato cra tar aia a 38 6 Ba ve A Pena aifere see rT 1 fetho a gE swefefa acon were re aT as on apt Pa afer wees ator ot 2 Reo a BE wef acm faa 2.5 3 agar AA & Te a Free aer 4 Faro 6 eho a GA olf aire! ue a aes Ft 1% Palio wan aa FRR Bao aie ge arn He A xo Fira fea RF 50000 1086420 1 HECTOMETRES KILOMETRESWh 33 RET: 310800 Seascale 0 5 10 15 20 25 MILES: MILES faa - 2.9 1 " \- a ; a ae (9 ) sation a ere a) i, fared ed tpeater reese ed tel alls 6336 Raia cer ga ah gt = aa HK 63360 f4 ste sean EE x6 =I6Ueha 3a 6 Ga ew wee ten Sie ah eae 6 aha A al velba a ga TaN a 6 IN a oe re es eT er a heaton Heer pe Ta tor aH freee af) wees thor ey 7 rata at got wefan attr Fee 2.10 & aagAR Are eH TAT sion anit oc sre are rae 4 Hs 4 are at gt aaige) soe aes FRR oH A, ae FR pein aan Teal Sad aT yo fo Fera a Hert at ca yoF aA ORE: 63360 MILES 4 FURLONGS- = - - ~~ ~~~ 2 _ FURLONGS “MILES fart - 2.10 ereror( 10} 30 RO. a Ae eH ws # afeat oh or ae ae gee 4 eT a4 TH a GA aeHEA wa 1 30 Fo Ton5 +: Wah 1 ga HG = TA K 7000 FF 700 7920 ng nn 1000%6 2 = 7920: 175 =a 453 walt FEgener (14) TH YEA 10 A van afin, a A ra vo fie 50000) a af = TAA TM 500000 SKK) ffo 100000 SOOM 18 = fanfio 100000) 75 Pafo rfl A ial 10 fala at yA ave BAS 7s Ta cen 2 a A ue aa at od 78 & fraz af 70 10-8 yh nee fonftin a at Bata: 70 Faso at fra van wa a aah. 5 fifo gf waz ae = 15 ato a ct 15x70 . 70 tee Tee = 14 do # at nf & sqer waa 10 fifo yeaan at = 1 aay 70 noe <2 0 8 ‘ =7 Ri #3 14 Sho ai Ge ae tar GRA gh 70 Peo A get seen 7 we aT aT his Soh oe ta 7 a we | ses AMT 10 Beto af gt seat 1 we a A HeARi wT a Fe a 5 thoy are F faeaia aa acts ctor art 2 Raho ah gd area 12 ire ar aa seftis atm) fea 2.15 % sigan Ga area at fers a aoe at ca ot aim RF 1 : 500000 KILOMETRES KILOMETRES 10 86 4 0 10 20 30 40-50 60 60 48-36 24-12 0 1 2 3 4 3 6 MINUTES & HOURS fw 2215 it ret aa & site eral a Germ as mre ean Hr 23 ara PT38 verre sitet fara ara wordt & fro, srern-arere ara ah Tera aT fra aI secretes fra wet ey) Bm BA eh ah ua ifr pen Bs Rr ca ater wed aie at Ara wy waa mga at deg wa A) wa a enh Feat Hi sas oa fl een a se aT Aa eh 3s Ta ATT HT a ane AMA R15 sab RT AE Fe a ae naw eo om 6 $3 oes we tan ia A 6 wa OT A aor aif cen are NS eH TT 4 Sa tio apt & Rhea aA) ew ane ss Sra aT 4 te TaD Se TT ATT 1s, 4 af sete eT 3713.8 Soho ore wee tan ia ax saat 7 TH AT A Reena aie gen all aI Sem TT aS i net ferns aes ge ee see Sra mT s Po ae wees tien aT 1 fasfto a af sefeia aim 7 erat ree 8 ara aon srl oe Rera a FRR 2.16 3 arqER FH SER rears airy Fs Sat sion a fey ces ee aeate Yar Ree ei3a 6 Fa wat Uw We bar Gis aR Seat 6 WAR TF feos am ae are aie & em AT at 4 hor ot fewntiea aren ga Tee He sea ET 200 wT Ae Ae ToT TT 50 7a at Gf weftia Sem 1040 petra ater ay ay 5 et if fosea iy, aay ay 5p, sara rT 200 Mee em Hee hy, 7 374-13.88 defo ema ata Van ela a 3H AT 3 seas ey ha oho fa fare gH Ae ~ $0 Hee a gf wafela atm 39 4 det umf & weftas wl afta fire fsa ifn apa Peg UH eH aor sit re nt feted feat 2.17% Se gH ap, eater tar # feat et fart - 2.17 BERT 17 BO RRO THe AI Ta HAA Fo i, ee set she weg ster of afta wt 1 a | 30 fro —! 1000000 | 30 filo & agar fariio waftia wel are AMR B- + Afar 11 So at gd = aa R 1000000 Hho 1000000 ~“Foo000 non ow 100000515 : = “Ta0000 = 150 fanfto 15 Bho weet was ater te Sta a Sea 15 BAT Tt A Fee are ae ae a 5 mam amt at Sn aH fenfoea aires a ace te ras MT 10 Pato ar wees A | sant 2 Rito a gi safes at | 31 30 fro & organ ara Hie weft acd are ara Bq v Af 1 Fa at yh = aT H 1000000 44 _ 1000000 0). on 410000006 33g) 3125 | Sp 794.7 are ateagra ato am we ah srr A a at Psa eo re aT oT PH TTT hg et see Raratl a sremm-atera argue Hairs aren @1 saree, fe 2.19 AB tim amg arg we Seo @ aR ea 10 sa A Rani we et al wer fos A eT Ue A TH B Past eR BT 23 BG wan Oe Pf Bl aK AC SK BD Paral A 10 TAK ATF aie Fg cakc ga Pore Parga ah Pret ee AB ta & arr Tare ta BA 1 TEM STG ABCD | 1 2 cp feat ter wat &, frat aw fg Baw A eT MT AB TI 7), ATT, 3 _ 5 6 A 7 A 8 daa amt =, ater ar, aise a eae AT, Sear AMT =, Wy: cir AT 75+ BAIT 5 a5 0 aa arn 2g te i a ah ra Yat Brae Gt a Fa ft a aT el afar areas a aT A eae 23 ata ar 1. ae a weafies ei tor anit F fanfare are ed Peg oe a crag & ea sre Te BI AT aT Hora wa wes are Fi fer PRA ora) aes -aet Tor ont 4 frane-fargait & waa oat ae 8g a ae Sa aA 2. 9a Had i wa fei a oe a oa mreRaERATTR Hem A aa Be sea oy Pea an & oH faama-fegail at front ee er art waren tart wie art 1 3. meat & aio anit wat ora i eR aR faaol aera oa @1 frat ari & fee wea oad aad ard at en Free aia aA a Red Ee aT ‘om wah oir 21 ar set AE aa Ta at ra seawe TTR 43 Es ee as bi Rit re ae ere AAA ne ah ite afary sears so. 0 fet arker ryan 8s ap sie we | ferent soe Ay 7, Rol al oe aE GO eA fee teat arate ten ee ape ie art she fae ses m3 ee eT IH; aA He ser ena Yea ae Fa ea Fey ar an (x) 2 ar Free eter ara ean get Feat A ry ae) it Yen afte an gh fara 28 81 FURLONGS 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 MILES 4 3 2 1 0 Primary divisions 4 MILES: awa 6 ga ore BE ee en fed oh rome MH 6 Her a gf at efeia OH ee ta aT 6 Be mT A Fane afare Fares sete; sree aT 1 ter a Gh wefRie at are BHC Si swrefras mr at 8 itor art fanfa afar wees whan amr 1 crete a ht wee ates Gita fare rata a ees ame 3 fore are at ratte sit fafoes act at aras-fargsit par Sarg & eres wife avery HT Be are ud are fee oe ae a eel oe AE Bt aK (aT cag seared @ fas crea at fava ane arch gO fates el @ aT wa Fae 0.1" aT 0.2” F wall) Ba area 10 Ferre ce atk Fel @ eh al are Tar 3 THAT tara eAfeay pe wee ho Frag & are at ait rat eer’ at ae # Fer FRA GPR) era Sed Te ai ata oi ace 8 tH famed ae @, a fran forgot a fer 2.21 & organ afer fe ‘df ae arect 3 afte, thon a senor feranil err fete act & yO aI MAH yO fo fea cre ree at czar ok ify aH 2 er 6 wan 132 wat wePRfa l Fer, wp Bae AT ET ral aa ante oat ete Tea fea Fey AO (x) a Fre rege TE GAT PT (x) Fe gay re ae 2 et welts et fl cara ear 8 pera fy we raga ik Rea mi 6 crit 132 ma fer a1 .3S $9 weal are tar aha aR Sea 5 TH TT Fear aif, Parma wes TT 1 Te St gE ein ton are ate gem Ee amr at 3 ho Rao fava ae wees ao Fas 1 wie Sh gf seftta atem Gees Fem (ga) ah ore aac & fore Gale FAY Ga Bea aS ‘hon festa feo oh erat 312 at ale GRRL wes Set aT 7 a Gi eth atm Fe 2.22 & agen es at oo sie at Gee aT Te ARE aga 3 7D oz faa gf aif ait = —al 46 ‘la SOO) 10 Ce 100000 = 5 fro gra 10 Ao evel acer Raay wbeet STL wit HF Feuer tifa Ports eta, ae fay a gf veftia atom ara SiC er HT TTT a 10 itor Tt AE fennel afta wet hoy mm, Bafa Qh weft ates ethan st at ren aed fer, eta FAL A aaa fe at ah fos a facet at ere B10 il favnea af) weelas ae hor FeruTT 1 Behlo At ahh weft aim, frw 2.24 & srg are a op afm atk geet aa el fafa arg 3 Fao 4 bta 7 thy qh sita ate DECAMETRES REL: 50000 10 3 T RILOMETRES 4 HECTOMETRES 7 DECAMR TRES 6 108 6420 1 2 3 4 HECTOMETRES KILOMETRESWIT, 10 MPH BT AM O.1K9 = 0,9 a ata nem a a 7 aa ot ANN 0.9190 = 0.09 ¥a gan, i = 0.1-0,09 = 0,01 Fa ait ga ae ert 4 ata io SB at afer aie sreuamian, afta 3) amit a zn ara TAL are 9 ea HD " i HHS on pew fren eens trae Ha Bh sere, eff Fath afer at frit fy 7A an wh GH HAE THA TH 3 (NL) FH aA eae hare ae ey eh way ag aa x af 3 N Ft ah ef = NI) x svi af Yn ng = I art: TR aT TTT Hel 4 wae aotan A ae 8 Hae ot athe ae ay aes wa em aa; St ey way OE 2.271 ara sic gh cag aH (Clackwie) wa ok aa Fi fata fem (Anti-Clockwise) 9& ai @1 fem aRiag ar yeoTAT Seat ats Sgr oa so fs ca @ east ae pa ae na idan a ea hs wai eI 15 20 15 10 5 0 5 10 80 85 90 95 100 105 280 275 270 265 260 255 fem - 2.27 fee affor aee aba ret WE a FARE (Method of Reading a Vernier Seale) + abi art agi aaa wham ag et seat reser a afta aacar @, 8 fre ee sre 2 WPS cell ah fever Tar & fap ae a word 1 afer a ga tar fer demaT 49 jg get OFA A HT a aa 3.20 Be a tH gf at eT safle fal Ye ah faye hha i feet, ora 5 os 32"4 sted wc aret ane reais 3.25" 3m) Ito 20.08 LEAST. COUNT yg INCH | eee etc RASINCHES = === >>> t ¢ 1 , 5 10 b I I I I TOL 0 a? 3 sa 5 6 INCHES faa - 2.28 ges afc hae og A Ha ae a a Fa eh a & set ze cea ta Be ewe Habla a ee ate Pe aoe ap He fe A # fara 2.29 Bj afte heel a fr alee 35 ea ae IGT are TB aT a 124 Saho & aon aia an war or eT aT & fre a ar eu @ ore: alae wT 1 6 : fm 124+| 6x— |=124+-— 12.55 3 em oid + 4) oo are, em LEAST COUNT !/49 CENTMETRE CENTIMETRES \ fara - 2.29 1B 6 are te aa at aH 6 et HF fr ws a 1 Sa TA aT Ha rans & a ee HA Sve a (we: areas AS TR aprrveT A fa Farr aa @ Fae50 ja oreT aA ean afar 3 FH ey oS Te Aas 1 aa qnt a 9 am cas 10 a afin ag fern et TUT yf ora 10x10 TS eal a an wea THAI 0.7 G3 Ne1 stat 10-1 = 9 fay jag al arp wp avant? at 91) afer arf ay i 5 aaferail 4 : ; aaa pom at AT A UH can 8 ga aeig 09" 8 — w 2 ae AT F ghe at oH HI oe og \ ga ay oer att 5 ya a eA AL A 9 ape ae TT aa sod fas cor sis 5 TOT aT ™ a bmg hy ce FTA A A aia, Farrer ster, 2 4 ike mh, se se vera a aS re se Rr a SA TH 3 HH ATT BT 1S ‘a Fa fg gu a eT BNI ALTO = 9 Tg v3 memes aire 34 cg ere at, 26 SRS oH OFT GA ME AR ETH GH A Teel 210 gh gh cet afi a ee 2 Se é angen ae A PTE 6 SO vi 5 TN eT WES fect tan Zi aha Ha TA (Fo 2.30)! LEAST COUNT 24 SECONDS‘ 1 “ sear = TOG FH, FA a roo mm ty gn Ay ora wey gael em lem 3 og aga ar 8 fae fT wets TT 3B fl wala ators ara pt ftom area a spre ae 10%10 Fer SA HR ATE 3 wees MT at yo tH fen fren wen ga Fru 1 Smo EOI HR RST ATH Si Nat ora 1001 = 14 nf at aad at whtgie afar ik ent 10 sort fas ae Feta Fer A ttia ian walks mT 11" acete amy awa afae ee MT TT RS TA HH Sy AT yy = 01" a ofa am ary aoe an ea a ae re ww Sa Fa S01" ag hm al ae Hyatt ge are oa eA A 4.65 Fh Gl TES & fee wee alee 3 ye a per wh Bh 4.6 a a ah Hf fa aA ee are afte at gaat oh Rea, (35 gual sanias s at Con en ara at arch fre Ton A vu & a7 sr (fea 2.31)1 LEAST COUNT !/99 INCH = = 4.65 1N a Po ‘ INCHES | fart - 2.31 are ( 25 )- wm aig aan at car are Rerea areTTHIS 0.2 Prete et sik a | 12.54 So at aft sifea aifre vat faftr- aerania = 0.2 Fretitex 02 » =— ato 100 -s ho aya 15 aio coat Tan ater site Ba 15 aH favre rans wea PT 1 Glo 3 aeAx EST ees Be aT eae 10S eT FT re eh te a ays Tt # FT from setts afar 0.2 Hflo & aa EEL sta THA HA 3 N. ral 1041 arr a ‘ara ah wftrger afar & a 10 vari A Fees aR a fear wets amt 0.22 Aho H auM BUI ATA a 0.22-0.2 = 0.02 atfio a aan gam aah aft