CECE a aiGido trinh thye hanh dign tir co ban Khoa Bign MYC LYC cake Bai 1 : GIO] THIEU LINH KIEN DIEN TU Bai 2 -PEUONG PHAP THUC HIEN MACH IN DON GIAN. 1. PHUONG PHAP XI CHI VA HAN NOL I, CAC BUGC THYC HIEN MACH IN MOT SO BAL TAP THY HANH MACH CHINE LUU 1? PHA DUNG CAU DIODE Bai 3; MACH KHUECH DAI MICRO DUNG TRANSISTOR Bai 4: MACH MG DEN KHI TROI TOI (DUNG CAM BIEN QUANG) Bai S: MACH KHUECH BAI CONG SUAT HANG A MOT SO MACH UNG DUNG Bai 1: MACH BA HAI PHI ON Bai 2: MACH TAO XUNG DUNG IC 555 Bai 3: MACH DIEU CHINH TOC BO QUAT (DIMMER) * TAL LIEU THAM KHAOGido tinh thye hanh dien tw co ban Khoa Dign BAI 1: GIOL THIEU LINH KIEN DIENTU 1. PHUONG PHAP NHAN DANG BIEN TRO ‘Theo chuin E.LA ign tré than thing duge ki higu gid trj etia nd bing eée vach miu chuan, déng thiti c6 46 16m vé kich thude dign tré ti Ig véi céng suit tidu thy chigt cia né trong qué trinh lam vige. Hinh dang iia cde din trésthan va vj tri cts ee vach ‘miu (hoc vong mau) duge mé ta trong hinh va Lopedch dige ABC ABCD Dign tra 3 vong min Bign trér4 vong mau Dign tri $ vong miu ‘Trong thye té, dang dign tra thudng gip ld dién to bén vach mau, vach miu thir te (ving D) c& tha b5 tri theo m@t trong hai dang néu trén. Khi xc inh gi tr] dign tra theo cde vach mau, ta thye higa qui the doe sau day: = Vach A, vach B xéc dinh cde gid tri sé hang cia dign tr, -Vach C xac dinh hé s6 nhan cho gid trj dién tréy, hé sd nin thay di tir 0,01=10-2 dé 100006000010" tuy theo vach miu cia C -Vach D xe Ginh phan trim sai sb cia diga te. . uy wée céc gif tri ctia cde vach A, B. C, D theo mau duoc tom tit trong bing sau day Bing gié trj tiéu chuin quy woe mau TVach A Vach B ‘Vach C Vach D(%) 001 10 ‘Ol 5 1 10 100 i 2 1.000 3 10.000, 4 100.000, ye (xen) Lam(xanh-blue) Tim 1.000.000 10,000,000, 100.000.000. 1,000.000.000 (eleiolalalalal— 20Gio trinh thye hanh dign ti co ban Khoa ign Tom lai, voi tiéu chudn nhw via trinh bay, ta thanh lap quan hé gia tr] dign tro shu sa: Gia tr dign to: (R)= ((AB)x C} 2 + D Vi dy v6i dign tro 06 vach mau ghi nbn nh sa: ‘Az 40 ; Be tim ; C: cam ; D: nh Gi tr ca ddén tro ghi nn nur seu: R= {(27)x 1000} 22 # 5% =27kQ £5% . ‘Véi phuomg phép xc Ginh gid tri dign tri trinh bay, ngoai vige cin nhé méi quan hg gita ede tr] 86 theo mau cho vach A va vech B, muén xéc dinh nhanh cée gif tri dign nd ta cdn thuge va nhé méi quan hé sau day cho vach C, Day gid digne [Don vi ‘Vach mau O1 + 0,99 a Bac( 1/10 D) is 99 Q Nha( 2) 10+ 99 Q Ben (che 0) 100+ 999 a ‘Nau (trim 2) 1 + 99 ka BS (kQ) ka Cam (chye kA) ka Vang (tram kQ) MQ Lue( MQ) MQ Lam (chye M2) Nhu viy, v6i dign tré 6 vach mau 4 néu trong thi dy néi trén, c&n cit vio vach C (mau cam) ta biét ngay 4ién tro c6 gid tri khoang chye k®, sau d6 ta doc nhanh két qué trén hai vach A, B d8 tim ra gi tr 27k ‘Tém lai, mudn doe nhanh gid tej cho dign tre logi 4 vach mau: ta ein cit vio vach C dé dinh nhanh gid tri dign wo, ket qua chinh xéc tuy thud, vao gid tr dinh bai hai vach A,B eubi cing dua vao gif tr vach D suy ra phan tram sai s6 cia dign tr, ‘Truong hop dign tré six dung chi c6 3 vach miu, ta xem nhut vach D la vach Khéng mau (logi dign tro nay c6 mite ssai sé 1a 20%), doc gid tri dign tro thude dang nay bing céch ap dung phuong phap néu trén cho 3 vach A, B, C con Ii ‘Cha y: trong mot $6 dign tré’ bén vach mau thinh thoang ta gip vach D lei ding mau den, tradng hgp nay ta xem nhu dign tro o6 sai s6 20%. Nhu véy 46i v6i dign tro bén vech mau véi vong D mau den, duye xem gidng nhu dign tro ¢6 3 vach mau. ‘Véi phuomg php dgc tri s6 nhur vita trinh bay, ta c6 thé ap dung cho céc trudng hop dign tro 3 hay 4 vach mau, Riéng trutmg hop dign tro S vach mau, phurong php doe 6 ho khdc duge trinh bay nu sau: -Vach A, B, E xéc dinh gid tri 3 sb hang dau cia dign rd. IBI = 0, nén IB2 =O va T2 cing ngmg din. Nhu vay tnzimg hop niy SCR hong din dign dage, dong dign qua SCR Ia 1A =0 va UAK = UCC. Tuy mbién Ichi ting dién thé nguén UCC lén dén gid tj dd iim te dign ép ten SCR cing tang theova khi dat dén gié tr ign 4p ngdp UBO (Breakover) hi dign ép UAK idm xuing nb diod va cong dign 1A ting nhenh, Lie nay SCR thuyén sang trang thalGio trinh thye hinh dign treo ban Khoa Bign din diga. Dong dign img véi lie dién dp UAK giim nhanh goi la ding duy ti IH (holding). Sau dé, dic tinh cia SCR gidng nhu m§t diod nin dign, ‘Truimg hop khod K dong hey UG >0. Khi déng khoa K cép ngudn UDC cho eye céng SCR, dign tre RG ding dé gidi han dong kich cho cue G ciia SCR Liic nay e6 dong kich IG>0 nén SCR din, tire transistor TI duoc phan eve & cue B, IB1>0 06 dong IC1>0, dang ICI eting chinh la dong IB2 nén Ide nay 72 cing din dién vA cho ding IC2 ra, ding nay i vio oye nén BY vva tré thanh ding IB1.Do 46 ma SCR s® tu duy tri trang thai dan dién trong ngudn mot chigu mé khéng can c6 dong kich IG lién tue, Hign tuong nay sé lp Jai lién tue, dan dén 2 transistor dat dén trang thai din bio ho’, khi dé dign dp UAK idm rét nho khoding 0,7V- 1,5V (tuy logi). “Trarong hgp phan cize nguge SCR. Phan oie ngzge SCR 1a néi eye Anod vao ngubn am va cye Catod vio nguin duong cia dign ap cung clip UCC. Truémg hop nay gidng nhy diod bi phin cye ngugc, SCR s@ khong dn dién ma chi e6 dong ri rit nhd di qua va bdign 4p roi trén SCR chinh bing dign dp nguén(UAK= - UCC). Kni tang dign ap nguén UCC lén di 6m thi SCR sé bi dénh thing vi dong dign ua theo chiéu ti Anod sang Catod. Dign ap nay got 18 dign ap nguge UN. Thong thang ttjs6 UN va UBO bing nhau va ngugc ddu, 7-DIAC 2) Chu tao: Dine 6 cfu tao gin 3 lop ban dla PN ghép néi ép nhaw nhu moe exe transistor nhung chi ra ¢6 hai chn nén duge xem hu la mot transistor Khong o6 eye nén, Hei eye & hai du duce goi 18 T] vi T2 vi do tinh chit d6i ximng cua diac née khng edn phin bigt TI —T2. by) Nguyen ly hoat dng: . Khi VCC 06 tri 56 thé thi dong dign que diod chi 1a dng ro chi s6 rt h6, Khi tang ign thé Vec 1éa mot gid tr di fom la VBO thi dign thé srén diac bj gidm xuéngva dong dign ting Ién nhanh.Dign thé mndy goi 1a dién thé ngip (brearkover) vi ding dita qua diac 6 diém VBO li dong dién ngép 1BO. ign thé VBO ciia Diae c6 tr s6 trong khogng tir 20V dén 40V. dong dién IBO c6 tri s6 khodng tir vai chyc uA dén vai trim uA. Khi dign thé dat vao hai cha Tl - 12 eta bai Diod Zener Z1 - 22 thi sé phan ee thugn mit diod Zener cho ra dign thé VD = 0,7 v va phan eye nguye diod zener tao ra higu tmg zener cho ra dign thé Vz, Nhu vay dign thé VBO cia Z1 - 22 chin li VBO = VD + Vz Khi ddi chidu ding dign ngyoe Iai thi vn c6 mot Zener phan ey thudin va mot Zener phan cue nguge nén ta cling co dién thé VBO theo cong thie tren. Néu khéo chon dign thé Vz cla Zener ta cb thé tao duge nhiéu linh kign c6 jc tinh wong durong Diac v6 nhieu efp dign thé VBO kha nhau, ©) Ky higu: D1Gio tinh thye hanh dign tir eg ban Khoa Dien §- TRIAC: Chuo: . Triac duge viét tt boi Triod AC semiconductor swich (cong tie ban din xoay chiu ba cy). ‘Vé cit tgo Triac gdm 06 eéc lop bin dan P-N ghép ndi tiép nhau va duge ndi ra 3 chan, hai chén du cubi goil& T1 — 72 va moi chin i cuc cia G. Triac ¢6 thé duge xem nhu hai SCR ghép song song va nguge chiéu nhau sao cho 66 chung eye cita G. Clu tgo va ki higu: by Nguyen ly host dong: Theo cu tg0 mgt Triac duge xem nhur hai SCR ghep song song va ngupe chidu xn khi Khao sét dic tinh eta Trigc ngubi ta khdo sét nhurthi nghigm trén hai SCR. a) khi cyc T2 06 dign thé divong va eye G duge kich xung duong thi Triac din ign theo chigu tir 12 qua TH b) Khi eye T2 0 ign thé am va cye G duge kich xung Aim thi Triac dln dign theo chidu t TI qua T2. . ©) Khi Tries durge dling trong mgch dign xoay chitu cng nghigp thi nguda ¢6 bin i duong, eye G edn duye kich xung dong ; Khi ngudn c6 bin ki am, eve G can duge ‘kich xung &m Trise cho déng dign qua cé hai chidu va khi 48 din dign thi dign thé tién tai oye Tl ~ 72 rit nhd nén duge coi nhur céng the bin din ding chung trong mach dién xoay chi. 9- TRANSISTOR a) Cu tho: ‘Transistor la tr ghép ciia haiti Transfes + Resistor ge dich la * dign chuyén"(nhung khing théng dung) . ‘Transistor 1 linh kin bén din gdm ba lap ban din tiép giép nhaw tao thanh méi ni P-N. Tuy theo céch xép thir ty cde ving bin din ngudi ta ché tao hai loai transistor la transistor PNP va NPN. = Cue phat E (Emitter). ~ Cyc nén B (Base). 4 x = Cute tha (Collector). \ NPN PNP Ba ving bén dan durge néi ra ba chan va duge goi la ccy phat E, cve nén B va cue ‘tu C (hinh). Cye phat B va cue thu C tay cing m6 loai chit bén din nhumg do kich ‘hue va néng 49 pha tap chat khic nhau nén khong thé hodn di cho nhau dugc. BE phan bigt voi cdc los transistor khéc, loai PNP va NPN cn duge goi 18 sansistor lung néi viét tat la BJT (Bipolar Junction Transis‘or). 10- PHUONG PHAP NHAN DIEN CHAN RA CUA IC, OP, AMP, CHIP)... ‘Muén nbin dang chin IC, di Ié loai digital, IC bn 4p bode IC analog ta déu phai diva vio sb tay cba IC. Tuy nin, ta cin phéi biét phuong phép wc dinh vj ti cho chan 10Gito trinh the hanh ign tir eer bin Khoa Dign ‘mang sé thir ty 1 cho IC, khi nin théing tir trén xudng IC, ta nhdn thity trén IC(dang c6 hai hang chan song song) & mit phia trén than sé khuyét [[r mOt dau mOt phin ban ‘guy, di khi 6 phia nay e6 thé in vach thaag som tring, hoge co diem mot chim tring pha ti, ‘Vj ti chan phia chém tring ben wae din cha Sb 1, saad tain ur dm theo chigu ngage kim dng kB ta 38 tim éuye cée chda cin li. Tuy thuge vio et tinh ning k hugt ghi tong 38 tay, chie ning eda mi chin omg img véi sé thi tw cua chan dd “Trong huéng di thye tap niy, ching i ehi tinh biy ee dang chin ra cho mi SIC thing dng nh IC LM385 vi 1C741 Dang chin ra cia IC LMSSS ~ Chin |: Ground (GND) ~ Chin 2: Trigger (TRG) ~Chin yutput (OUT); ngd ra. ~Chin 4: Reset ~ Chin 5: Cont - Chin 6: Threshold (THRES) ~ Chin 7: Discharge (DISCH) =Chin 8: VCC (aguin) | HASSS Bona a ONC Dang chin ra ciie IC LM741 = Chin 1: Offset null: digu chin 0 = Chin 2: Inverting input: ng vio dao ~ Chin 3: Non-Inverting input: ned vito khang dio =Chin 4: V- ~ Chin 5: Offset null = Chin 6; Output: ngo 1a ~Chin 7: V+ ~Chin 8: NC (Normal close): ehin bs tréng, 741 Bona O18Gito winh thye hanh dign ti co bin Khoa Dién BAL HUONG PHAP THU'C HIEN MACH IN DON GIAN 1. PHUONG PHAP XI CHI VA HAN NOL 1- Phuong phip xi chi trén day dng: ‘Thai gian xi chi shinh cong o@ rit nga din khi tay nghé nang ca. “Trinh ty ute hign thac te xi chi nbur sau ing dao hay gidy nhdm dénh sich lép oxyt hay Isp men boc quanh diy (néu ig trang men & may).DAy dupe xem i sach khi ting miu dng (mau hing 'u quanh vi tri vita duge lam sach, Digu quan trong edn chit ¥, sau khi lm sach ta phai thye hién xi chi ngay, vi néu dé liu, lop oxyt sé phét sinh Jai. Tuy nhién, trén ede vj tri via lam sgch I6p oxyt, néu ta ding mé han cd cng sudt qui lim (phat sinh nhigu nbiét rong) dé hang cing phat sinh lai lop oxyt tai ¢iém hang do sit qua ahigt ~ Mvdn xi chi, déu tién phai lam néng day din cén xi, ta d@t déu mé han bén duci day cin xi dé truyén nbiét (day din va diu mo hang dat vudng géc). Khi truyén nhiét, quan sét mau hing cia day, mau héng s® sim din khi nbigt 46 gia ting, trong khi quan atta dua chi han (66 bge nya thing) tgp xi Ién day dn, chi han dt khéc phia vi da smo hie, ~ Khi diém edn xi di nhigt, chi hin sé chay ra va bde quanh day tai aiém cl xi chi loang tirmat tin xuding phia duc (4i v2 phfe nguda nhigi, tee dtu mo han). Nev thao te ny, hyn théng cd sin trong chi tan true tdy sgch diém ni, trah oxyt hod €bng thoi chi néng chiy sau d# bim lén diy. Tuy nhign, agu dua qué nligu chi vio diém xi qui rite yu edu), lop xi qué dy hote bim mau néu do nbya théng chy 1a vi chy tén diem = Day ding Iuén phai tiép xite vi mé hin va thye hign lién te theo nguyén the tién hai, bude lai’ mot bude vi xoay tron day dang, m6i burée khong 2mm, Digu quan trong céin nho (khi the hién lan luot cc diém xi Ke tiép nkau), tgi Khop tiép wip gid thai khodng xi phai thye hign sao cho khng cé su tich ty cht thin lip day trén 46 * Chi f:trong qua trinh wi chi, ia trénh céc dng téc sau = Ditng dau m6 hang kéo ré chi trén day cn xi, vi s@ lam cho lop chi khéng bam hoi toan trén day dn, dng thoi lop chi bi dinh soc theo duimg kéo r€ du mé hin. Mét nhyge ditm nda cia dng ide nay 1a chi xi khdng bong ma ngd mau xam do thiéu chigt vanua thong, ~ ut day cin xi Jén miéng nhya thong, rdi diing diu m6 han dat tiép xuc én diy ( lam nong chay nha thong va néng day), sau d6 due chi han Jen du mo han lan eniy chi va bam vao day. Voi dng tée may, ta anh duye six oxyt hod bé mat dy dn trong qua tinh xi chi, d® lam chi bém len day, tuy ahién, do lwgng nha thong chay qué nhiéa se ‘bam Ién be mat déy sau Khi xi lam diy khéng béag v8 nhys thong chay d€ bam think mot lp den trén bé mit xi ci cia day. . ~ Sau kth xd oh xong, Lhdng née sO oéc dim xi chua hodn chinh bing céch ding dtu md han r€ qua Igitrén didm ny ma edn phai gid chi. 2. Phwong phép hin néi cie day din: Trong qua trinh thuc tp hay sta chOa, ta thurimg sir dime dén ba dang hin ndi diy dn nh sau: + Hing du dia hai day dn: Phuong phép han ny edn dive got 1a hin ghép dinh, ‘Ta ding phyong phép hin ghép nay khi muén tao céc doan dy dan thanh hinh da gide hole n6i dai hai day din ngan. Tuy nbién, mdi hin kh6 thye hign va cé a bén co kém hon céc méi han ghép dang khic .Gio wink thye hanh dign wea ban Khoa Dign Khi thye tap, sinh vién ¢6 gain khong dé moi han toi vao céc trang thai méi hin khéng dat yéu chu, = Han ghép hai diy song song: Phuong php hin ghép nay thuémg ding nii hai day din li v6i nhau, tung ty nin phzong php ehep dina, tuy nhién mei hin ghép ray sé bén chic hom. Khoang giao nhau gitta hai day thug duge chon tity theo yéu céu, ‘rong qui trinh méi tgp han ban diu, khoang cach giao ngin ahét nén chen 18 Smum, Khi khoang giao qua dai, day nbi d® bj cng, Kho xép song song hoan toan khi han. Trong hin digi day ta c6 thé hinh dung duge dang chi han bam pho quanh mbi han va cac dang 1m6i han ghép song song khong dat yeu edu. = M6! hin ghép dit vung géec: Day la phyong phap han méi cb db bin eo tung 46; tt, trong thyc han ta thyséng sir dung logi mi hin nay abit. Mt min vadne we dat yéu edu pha tao chi bd di quanh diém dft hai day vung gée. Chi bam khong diy Jen mac6 dang cong Im vé bén dui BGito win thye hanh dign tireo ban Khoa Bign 1. CAC BUGC THYC HIEN MACH IN Sau khi vé hoin chiah so 4 mach wen gidy (c6 két hop chuong inh én may tink) chiing ta bude sang gii doan thyc hign mach in. Trina ty thy hign tién haah theo cc bude sau: ~ Bunée 1: ding gidy nhdim ahuyn désh sgch lop oxyt hod dang bém tén tém ‘mgch in (phia €6 tring ldp dng), trude khi w cdc dréng mech, ‘C&t mot rap gidy ©6 hinh ce duémg mach (vita vé xong trén gidy), chap lén tim mach in (chva tdy lop ding). Ding mai pointou ahen danh déu eéc diém aut hay diém chan link kign 1én mach in (phfa co trang lop dng). ~ Bude 2: ding viét ldog c6 dung m0i acetone dé ve nfi cicdudng mach een rmgch ding (dua theo cée diém poiatou via dink vi vi so 43 mach 48 v8 true tén gidy), Trong khi vé ta chi ¥, €6 hai phurong phép dé v8 diém pad hin tin mech in. Diém pad hhin cd thé v8 theo hinh tron hote vung. Thing thuong diém pad tron d& thye hiéx hung lai kém tinh my thagt hon diém pad vubng. . Muén thye hién diém pad vuéng: ta cé thé ding viét 6 rong (quanh vj tri cin a0 idm pad vung), sau 46 diing du dao nhon va thuéc ké tia bot mye 4 duy ti ving mre bam hinh vuing cho diém pad can thye hién, Céng vite nay d0i hoi nhiéu théi gian vi sv timikhi dye hn, ‘Sau khi da v8 bing but long acetone day di cic duimg mach trén mach ding cua ‘mach in, ta quan sit xem e6 vi tri nio bi vé kkOng lién nét, d6 dim cua cée dug phai dieu nav, dng thor khong bo s6t mot cudng mach nao c4. Trong tntong hap cén thie, sinh vien phei chiy cho mite kh hain ri ¢6 lat mot Ldn nga. ‘igucda tuu y khi si dung bit Kong acetone la “+ Kh khOng v2 phai day nip viét lai dé tréoh nh trang muc bj kh6, Khi v8 e6 thé am bong eée dvémg v8 ban du, “s Khéng duge ding dao bén got nhon éiu viét, vt lim ah vaay} dé dun d&n tink trang dau viét long bj loe ra va khéng thé sit dung tidp duge. “+ Khi ding viet db lai cde dime mach d& v6, sinh vign cdn thir vids un gidy ‘rude khi vé 1én mach déng, thao tic nay nhim thuc hign vige lim twom myc lén pia dau viet, Khi vé sinh vign nén xoay trda viét tgo diéu muc trén nét ve. ~ Bube 3: sau khi v8 hon chih, sinh vign chi kh myc moi mang mach in nbing vo thude tly, muén phia img hoé he xay ra nhanh, sinh vign edn thye hign cic thao te sav tig Be pin ig: +Ném si day 461 ogrin xuyén 18 qua mgch in +Kbi ty nén lic tm mach trong chau thube + Nén dit chu thude ty noi cd anh sing mat tbl dF ting cuime tbe d& phan ving abi higu cng quang. + Néu thude ty duge mung néng & S00C thoi gien tay nhanh hom ki thude ty 66 anhigt d@ thdp (bang nhigt 48 mai tring) ~ Bude 4: sau khi tay xong eée phin dng khéng cin thiét, sind vin nén nem mach vio trong nue la va diing gidy nhim nhuyén cha sach cic duémg mue di vE. Céng vige sé chim ditt khi ede dutmg mach duge ddnh bong va sing. ‘Truge khi diing rhua théng léng phi bio vélop dng, ta ding khoan (durong kinh lui khoan Khang 0,8ham dén Ime) dé kboan ede 15 ghim. ee lin kign. Trong mot vai irvimg hyp, ta c6 thé ding may dip bm 16 they vi khoan. Tuy nhién, 15 dip khéng tron. 4Gio trinh thye hinh din tr co ban Khoa Diga VAkhi dip a8 lim mélép bakelite, ahumg tbe 43 thi eBng nhanh hon va dé hom phuong phip khoan, = Buée 5: sau kiii khoan ( hay dé) 18 xong, sinh vign ca dénh si lai get in (phia c6 cée duémg déng) bang eidy nhdm nhuyén, lim sech 6p oxyt hoa ln cudi eéi méi nhing tém mach vao dung dich nhva théng phe véi xang va dau lta. Khi nhing xong mach, dé rdo va phoi khé lép som phi ri méi han linh kign lén mach. 15Gio tinh thye hanh Giga tir co bin Khoe Dién MOT SO BAI TAP THYC HANH MACH 1: MACH CHINH LUU DUNG CAU DIODE TA mach bin db: ding din xoay chidu thin ding dign | chia, ngosi maci chinh lu cu edn 5 mach chink lira ba Kj, chink nu diém git nhung mech chinh lua ccdiu la mach duge sir dung rng rai nhat do higa ning exo. 1-SO BO NGUYEN LY 1. Sod nguyén ly: MACH BIEN 4p chuyén dién ép tir 220V xudng cin 3v,6v,9v,12v. Diode chin ha 1N4007 chinh juru dong dign 1A, tu dign I chiéu 1000uR, dign tré than 1K, dén led 3mm. 3. Nguyén Ly Hogt Bong . Gia st % chu ky dau dng dién di theo chiéu ti: A >B Dong dign s@ di qua diode 4 nap cho ti C qua R, led qua d3 vénngudn. % chu ky sau dong ign do chigu di tit BA dong dign sé qua 62 rap ty C quaR, led qua di vé ngudn, Nhu vay ed 2 bén ky dong dign déu qua dien to theo 1 chitu khéng di 1.800 MACH IN 1. So d8 b6 tri tinh kiga: 2. Su ab mach in: M11. CAC THONG SO KHI THU MACH [Vac Iv ov Vu Voie V, Vipido twink thye hanh dign tir eo ban Khoa Dign BAL 3: MACH KHUECH DAI MICRO DUNG TRANSISTOR LSo a5 nguyén sido tinh) IV. Do thong s6 thy (@ cua mach Vo Vine Ve Ver Ve 7Gio trinh thye hank dign nt eo ban Khoa Dign Bai 4: MACH MO DEN KHI TROT TOI (DUNG CAM BIEN QUANG) I-SG DO NGUYEN LY MACH DIEN: 1. So d8 nguyéa Ij: 2, Goi ehigu Hinh kige * ‘Mach diéu khién dang cam bién quang gdm cé céc tinh kién nhu sau: = Quang tré: 1a mot linh kién bén dn thy dong khong ¢6 Isp chuyén tiép PN. Vat ligu ding a8 ché t90 quang t& 1a Cadmium suifid(C4S), Cadmium Selenid(CdSe), Zine Sulfid (2n8) hoge bt eta chit nhay quang bing céch tgo mgt mang chat bén dn tren nén céch dign. Sau thém hai dign eye 18i bye trong v6 plastic hay sit voi mat teén fa thus tinh hdc mica trong suét. Quang tré c6 dign tré cing giim khi duge chiéu séng manh. Khi quang tré bj che t6i (quang théng nhd) €6 gid tr} dign try lim tréa Mobm cn khi quang tt duge chiud sng manh (quang théng lem) cé gid tr dign tro aho duéi 1000hm. - Relay: C6 ahitm vu déng tiép diém ki c6 diga qua cudn day dé cugn edp cho ‘dan sing Dong dign qua Relay chidu hay it uy thuge vao bién tro VR vi d} sing i “IC 741: ding hur mdt con OpAm dé so sinh dign dp chan s8 2 va chan s6 3 ti {6 dca dign ép ra chin s6 6.Can chin s8 7 e6 nhiém vy nbi vi +Vec. Chan sé 4 n6i max -Dién iré: RI= R2= 10K, cé-nhiém vy tao ciu phin ép, cfp dign Ap chudn cho chin s6 2, R3 100K, ¢6 nhigm vy lam gidm bot dién ép ra tir chin s6 6 ctie IC dé cép veo chéa B cla Transisior C1815 diing véi dign ap dinh mie cia Transistor. > Transistor:C181$ 6 nhigm vu khi nhén duge dign tl dign tre R3 lam cho ‘Transistor dn cap dong qua cuda day cia Relay hoat déng. ‘3.Nguyén ly hoat dng: Khi trdi sing chiéu vio quang tro manh lim cho gid trj cia quang tro nhé nén 4ign ap roi trén quang tre nhé, lém cho din ép & chan s6 2 lon hom dign 4p chin s6 3 lam ccbo dign ap ngé ra khéng dicho Transistor din nén chura c6 dang tée dng Relay hoat ing Khi tréi t6i wong quang théng chiéu véo quang tro yéu lam gié tr dign tro tang nén ép ching ting lén va lam cho dign ap 6 chin s6 2 nino hon dign ap & chin s6 3 nén dlign ap ngo ra tang da lam phan eye cho Transistor din cho dong dign qua eudn dy cia Relay hogt dong va we dog déng tép diém thudng mo cp ngudn eho mach dng lye. Bién tr VR ding dé ditu chinh 49 nhay cho mach nghfa 1a diéu chinh dign ap phin eye cho Transistor.Gito trinh thy hanh dign ti co bin, 11-80 DO MACH IN 1. Sod bé trilin kign: Khoa Dién 2, Sod mach in: All. CAC THONG SO KHITHU MACH Vetta? Verto 3 Vesta? ‘hi din sing (hi den de 19Gito wink thye han dign ti ea bin Khoa Ditn BAL 5: MACH KHUECH DAI CONG SUAT HANG A 1. Se db aguyéa I: I. Nguyén Ig hogt dng (sinh vign ty tham khio gigo trink ky uhust ign trv wink hy tai IL So 6 tr Linh kign vat so-d@ mgch in (ind view thict ké va v2 vao gido Win) IV. Do thong s6 thye t€ cia mach Ve Voe Ve Vor Ve 20Gio trinh thye han dign th eo bin, Khoa Bign MOQTSO MACH UNG DUNG Bai 1: MACH DAO BONG DA HAI PHI ON Mach dao dong da hai phi dn 1a mgch tr phét sinh ra dang sng vudng lign tye mk khong edn wung kich tirbén ngoai. . ‘Cu tg0 mach hoan toin déi xumg , nghia ld cée phin tir tuong tng giéng thay (T1=12, RI=R2, R3=R4, C1=C2). Nhumg trén thuc té vin cé su bat can ximg di la rét ahd nén khi via méi cép ngudn sé c6 1 trong 2 con transistor dé manh hon mot chit Gia st TI Gdn manh hon 72 thi T1 nhanh chéng dat 161 trang thdi dn b& hoa va lm T2 rngumg din nhumg do sir map xi cia hai ty nén hai trang thii nay khdng t6n tai ma ry dong 1g ai lam 12 on bao hoa va TT ngung dn. L&p Iai hign trgng may nhieu lan ngé ra s8 lk mot xung vuéng lién 1-SO DO NGUYEN LY MACH DIEN 1. Sw db nguyén ly: oe @ 2. Gift ehigu tinh kign trong mach Linh kign si: dung wong mach hon votn 441 xi. “Tron mach sir dung 2 transistor TIva T2 cling mOt lai, e6 thé str dung hal con C828 hose 2 con C1815. ahign vu cia 2 transistor tong mach Ii din xo dong qua led Khi 6 xung kich vio chan B. 470 ohm, trong mach hai dign tx6 4 nhigm vy han cb ddng chay qua 2 led dim bio dang qua led diing véi dink mée eénh tneimg hyp bi chiy led. R3=R4=1500 ohm, hai dign tnd may tham ra vao qué tring nap xA cite hai ty. Ta cb thé thay 481 tuy ¥ gid tr cia hai dign ted nay tu} thude vio chu ky xung minh edn béi sid tr hai dign trésmay anh hung t thoi hing nap x€ eta 2 to -Ty dign: C1=C2=4.7MF , hai ty trong mach [3 2 tu e6 cue 6 nhiém vu nap xi tg0 dng dign kich vio chan B cia 2 transistor lim chung thay phién nhau din, 3. Nguyén ly ho9t dng Khi méi bit ddu cdp nguén , do 2 transistor céa tao khdng hodn toan giéng nhau nén sé c6 1 can din manh hon con kia. Gid sir TI dln truée, T2 ngeng da tu Cl nap dign vatw C2 xadiga wr Vee qua R3 qua TI xubng mass. Tw Cl nap ign khi dign thé cia ty bang dign dp Voe . mat khie tu C2 xa diga tw Vee qua R3 qua Tl xudng mass, lim cho dign ép 6 eye én coa ty C2 66 gid tr bing Vcc tic la dign dp tai ce nén cua T2 tang len 21Gio tinh thye hinh dign tirco ban Khoa Dign gin bing Voc. Nhung khi dign thé 6 cye am cia ty dat khodng 0.6V hic nay T2 bit diw din Vi khi dat t6i 0.8V thi T2 dn bao hoa. Ty Cl dng tich dign thé bingVce nén khi T2 dn blo hoa thi cue C2 bing 0.2V nén cue dong cita ty xem nhu ndi mass, con eye 4m cba tu bang Vee so véri eye nen c TI lim TI ngung dn, ty Cl xa dign tir Vec qua R4 qua C1 qua T2 xuéng mass. Khi tu Cl xa dign thi dign ap o cye am cua ty tang din lén dén Voc. Nhumg khi dién thé & eye dim cia ty dat khosing 0.6V bing vGi eye nén cba TI Ie ndy T bit du dln, va khi dat hong 0.8V thi T1 bat dau dan bao hoava lam cho T2 neung dn. Khi T2 din ti dign dp 6 eye thu cia T2 khdng ting lén bing Vee ngay ma phy thude vao thoi hing nap xa cila ty Cl, khi ty C1 nap day thi dign ap trén cue thu cua T2 bing Vcc. Thdi hing nap xa cla ty chinh 1a thi gian tat din cla mdi transistor vi do chin 14 chu ky cia xung ra, Chu kj dao ding duge ting ohu sau. Chu ky’ gém thai gian tT va (2.1 fa thoi gian tw CI xa dign qua R4 tir dign thé Vee lén OV réi lén dén Vec nén dign thé te thoi cia twa: 2 VCU)=2Ven OH ‘Tho gian t1 dé tu xa tir—Vee len OV. * Verr2Vece tyeRs.C)n2-0.7R4.Cy tuong ty thoi gian dé ty C2 xa dign qua R3 tir -Vee len OV i, to=R3.Con20.7.83.C> Tir day ta.co chu ky dao dng li: Taty#ta20.1RCi+RiC2) . VIRS=ReRs Ci=C2=C nén ta co durge xung ra la xung déi ximg chu ky Ja: ‘T=2x0.7R_C Tan sé cia xung la: 1 1 ; T — O-7RICHRIC) ‘Néu mach la d6i ximg chu ky Ia: 1 1 Few T — O.7(RACs+RsC2) U1, SO DO MACH IN 1, So dé bé tri linh kigs 2. Sod} mach in: Hl. CAC THONG SO KHI THU MACH ‘Vee VBE, ve TThdi gian nap xa I 2Gide trinh thye han dign tirco ban Khoa bign Bai 2; MACH TAO XUNG DUNG IC 855 1C555 va ho cia 1C555 dupe sit dung rit rng 28i rong Iinh vye din tr dn dung cing nh dign tir cng nghip, vi néu két hop véi cfc linh kign RC roi bin agoai mét eich thich hep thi n6 6 thé thye hign duge rét nhiéu chire nang nhur: dink thi, tao ‘xungchuar, tg0 céc tin higu kich.. ‘Trong bai niy néu mét ing dung eo ban, phé bién cia IC555 dé la mach teo xung sitdungICsss. ISO DO NGUYEN LY MACH DIEN: 1, So 48 nguyén iy: asap ge Seale + 2. Git thigu linh kign: " Linh kign bén trong mach tao xung dig IC $55 gm eé: __ -TC'585: ding dd tg re xung vudng qua chén :6 3 (out pu), chan 95 1 66 nhigmn vu nbi max(GND), chin s6 2 la chdn Trigger (ng8 vo xung nay), chin 4 c6 nhigm va Reset (hdi phyc), chn sé $ 1a chan Control Voltage(4ign ap diéu khién), chan 6 | cha Threshold (thém — ngurdng), chin 7 1a chin Discharge (xa dign) duge n6i vao gidta hei dign tro RI va R2, chin 8 la chin +Vce (ngudn deme). - Dién td: RI=R2=330 ohm tham gia vio qua trinh tao ra xung kich vio IC, R3=470 ohm dat vio chéin s5 3 c6 wu han ché ding ra qua led dim bao ding qua Jed ding vii dinh mic trénh truimg hyp bi chdy led. . ~ Tu dign: C=4.7MF ¢6 ohiém wi nap vi x4 dita lam cto led hip nhay, Cl=0.IMF_nbi mass dé loc ahiéu tn s6 cao ¢6 thé lam anh huéng diga ép chun 2/3Vec. 3. Nguyén If boat déng: Trong mach chan ngutimg (Threshold) s6 6 durgc ndi voi chan nay (Trigger) 96 2 nén hai chin nay e6 chung dién dp 1d dign dp tr€a tu C dé so voi dign &p chun 2/3 Veo va 1/3 Vee. Chda sb 5 6 ty Cl dé loc mhidu tin s6 cao o6 thé lam anh hung t6i diga 4p chun 2/3 Vee.Chan 4 n6i ngudn +Vec nén khong diing chire ning Reset, chan 7 ¢6 chite nang xa dign duro n6i vao gitta hai dign tro RI va R2 tgo durong xa dign cho ty. Ng® ra chan 3 c6 digo tro gigi hen dong R3=470 ohm va led dé biéu thi mite dign ap ra~ chi cd thé ding trong truemg hop win s6 dao cOng 06 tr sb thip to 20H tro xung vio tin sé ao hon 40hz trang thai sing va tit eae led khO c6 thé nhan biét bing mat chung. “TuC nap dign qua RI va R2 voi hing sO tdi gian Khingp 12 ‘mgp~ (RI+RQ).C TyC xd dign qua R2 vét hinng ob thoi gien li: BGio trinh thye hanh dign tir eo bin Khos Bign ti RC Liu § ;khi moi me difn ty C 98 ngp din tr OV Tén 2/3 Vce edi sau a6 ty xa dfn 12/3 Vee xuing 1/3 Vee chit khong xa xuéng OV. Nhing chu ky sau ty s& rap tr 1/3 ‘Vee Ién 2/3 Vee chirkhéng nap tir OV rita, ‘Thoi gian tu nap la thdi gian Vo gan bing +Vce, Led sang. Thdi sian tu xa thoi sian Vo gin bing OV, led tit. ‘Thoi gian nap va nep cia tu duge tinh theo dng thi: ‘Thoi gian nap: Tnap = 0,69.tnap ‘Tnap =0,69.4R1+R2).C Then gian xa: xa = 069.008 Txa= 0,69.R2.C ign dp o ngd ra chin 3 ¢6 dang hinh vueng voi chu ky a T=Tnap+ Tx T=0,69.4R1 + 2R2).C Do thei gian nap va thd gian xi khéng bing nhau (Trap > Txa) nn tin higu hink vubng ra khéng bi wimg, Tan 66 cua tin higu hinh vusag li: 1 1 T 0,69.(R1+2R2).C 1. SO BO BO MACH 1, So 46 bé tri lin 2. S03 VCHN2-6 | Théi gien nap xa 24Gio trinh thye hanh dign tr co ban Khoa Dign BAi 3 MACH BIBU CHINH TOC BQ QUAT DIMMER) 1-SO BO NGUYEN LY: se Sane -Diae:( DB3) gc tinh nay gidng koi gidng véi dic tinh eda hai diét Zener ghép hig nguge chiéu nhau, Khi e6 din ép dit vio hai ddu cia Disc thi wong Diae s@ phin eye thugn m@t diot Zener cho ra dign dp VD gan bing 0,7V va phin ewe neuge it Zener to ra hidu img Zener cho ra dién ép V2. Kbi dbi chiéu ding dlén ngage la thi va ob mt Zener phin eyte thin va mdt Zener phan exe nehich. Chit ys cia Dias trong ‘mach nay din ign ap vio chan G ciia Triac 48 kich cho Triae din va tanh dign ap nage tra ve. - Triae: (BTA12) durge xem nhur hai SCR ghép song song va ngupe chia rhaw nnén khi Kho sét nhw thi nghiém trén hai SCR. Khi exe T2 66 dién ap dureng va uc G dduge kich xung duorg thi triac din diga theo chigu tir T2 qua TI.Con khi cue 12 e6 dign 4p fm va cue G duoe kich xung am thi triac dn din theo chigu tir T1 qua T2. Nhimg trong mach nay thi T2 nhén duge dién ép duwong va chin G duge kich xung duong tir diae nén trac dé theo chigu tir T2.qua T! - Bién wo: VR) dung dé diéu chinh dién ap qua nhigu hay it dé cung cp vao chin Kich G eta Triac, Néu ta dibu chiah dién tuo VR len gid tr) dign tr eso thi dign Sp «qua rt nho khong dv kich cho Triac dln, Con néu tachinn bién tg xudng. gh tj abo th 66 &p qua tao dng kich vao chénG lam cho Triac din, -Dign tré:R=1OK nim Lim cho has bidn te ahs) 2. Nguyén i host 4 . © bin bi dong khi nguba xoay chibu ting, ty bit du ngp va dign ép tn ty bit du tang !én nhung chim hon. Khi dign 4p cia ty bling dign ap UBO cia Dia: thi Diac in manh tao ding ¢i vio cue cing G lim Trise din ngay va tiép tue dn cho dén hat phin cén lai cia ban ki duong, G diu ban ki am tiép theo ty nap dign theo chiéu nguge laiva khi dién ap trén tu dat dén -UBO cia Dize thi Diac gi dén cho dang di vio eye céng G lim Trine dx ngay va tiép tye din cho hét phan cdn lai eia bin ki am, Bling céch thay d6i thoi hing nap dién Re ta c6 thé thay 46i géc kich cita Triac & hai ban ki va do dé ign dp trung binh cp cho dén thay d6i lam Anh sang den thay di «ign dp we bign tr VR( kh ta dieu chink 25Gito trinh thye hanh dign ti co ban II-SO BO MACH IN 1.80 db b6 tri link kif Khoa Dign I11- CAC THONG SO KHI THU MACH UTAL UTRIAC UDIAC [Ungubn Khi VR=0% Khi VR = 25% Khi VR= 50% Khi VR=75% 26Gio trinh thyte hanh dign ti oa bin Khoa Dign * TAL LIEU THAM KHAO: wk 1. KY THUAT XUNG COBAN VA NANG CAO, NGUYEN TAN PHUGC 2.LINHKIEN DIEN TU NGUYEN TAN PHUGC 3. HUONG DAN THUC TAP BIEN TY NGO TAN NHON 4.9 THUAT DIEN TU BO XUAN THY 5. DIEN TU CAN BAN PHAN TAN UAN 6. GIAO TRINH DIEN TU CONG NGHIEP KHOA DIEN, DH CONG NGHIEP TP RCM. 7.GIAO TRINH MACH DIEN TU CAN BAN NXB BUU DIEN 8, GIAO TRINH LINH KIEN DIEN TU VA UNG DUNG NGUYEN VIET NGUYEN: 2