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Author:GAO PEIYONG Source: Chinese Social Sciences Today 2021-10-23
Gao Peiyong addresses the Opening Ceremony of The International Academic Forum in
China 2021 on Oct. 14 in Beijing. Photo: Zhu Gaolei/CSST
In contemporary China, with a little more calm observation, we can find many expressions
described as “new” around us. In other words, we are being surrounded by the “new” in many
aspects.
For example, the theme of the forum today is “A New and Uniquely Chinese Path to
Modernization.” Highly related to the theme are terms including “new model for human
advancement,” “new journey toward socialist modernization in all respects,” and “new era of
socialism with Chinese characteristics.” There are more phrases beginning with “new.”
Among such phrases, the most frequently used, most fundamental, most profound, and most
distinctive ones are the so-called “three ‘new’s”—new [development] stage, new [development]
philosophy, and new [development] paradigm. Making sense of the three “new”s and clarifying
what’s new and why they are new from theoretical perspectives are undoubtedly vital for China
to take the new course toward the second centenary goal of building the country into a great
modern socialist country in all respects and to capably tell stories of the new and uniquely
Chinese path to modernization to the world.
In the context of the Chinese language, we always talk about the “new” as opposed to the
“old,” with the “past” as the frame of reference. We always summarize salient features of the
new and systemic differences from the “past” through comparison with the “past.” Therefore, to
find the right frame of reference of the past for comparative analysis, we should first answer the
question: “where is the watershed between the three ‘new’s and the ‘past?’”
2021 as the watershed
We know very well that the new development stage is a stage in which China, after
accomplishing the first centenary goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all
respects, builds on this achievement to embark on a new journey toward the second centenary
goal of building the country into a great modern socialist country in all respects. We notice that
the new era started from the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, while the new development
stage was first proposed in 2021 by General Secretary Xi Jinping at the opening ceremony of the
seminar for provincial- and ministerial-rank principal officials on studying and implementing the
guiding principles of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee. Therefore, it
is certain that the new development stage starts in 2021, instead of 2012. Drawing the clear-cut
watershed is truly important to understanding and grasping the “newness” of the three “new”s.
This is because:
First, only with 2021 as the watershed can we make clear the salient features and systemic
differences of the new development stage from the past. For example, different from the past, the
goal of the new development stage is to build a great modern socialist country in all respects,
rather than build a moderately prosperous society in all respects. This is a higher goal set on a
new, higher starting point. Different from the past, the circumstances for development we are
facing has undergone profound and complicated changes, becoming substantially more unstable
and uncertain.
Second, only with 2021 as the watershed can we explain explicitly why the new development
philosophy must be completely, accurately, and comprehensively implemented in the new
development stage. For example, the statement about the content of the new development
philosophy remains unchanged. Different from the past, however, China must understand the
fundamental aim, stay problem-oriented, and be mindful of the difficulties ahead when
implementing the new development philosophy in the new development stage. Different from
the past, the goals of implementing the new development philosophy in the new development
stage must be extended from achieving higher-quality, more efficient, fairer, and more
sustainable development to include “more secure development.”
Third, only with 2021 as the watershed can we elucidate the starting point and goal of
building a new development paradigm in the new development stage. For example, different
from the past, the essence of the new development paradigm is realizing a high level of self-
reliance and self-strengthening in the new development stage. It is by no means confined to the
economic field and it is more about smoothing the national economic circulation. We must think
outside the box of discussing the construction of the new development paradigm only on the
economic front or by “smoothing.” It is crucial to precisely understand and actively promote the
construction of the new development paradigm from a holistic perspective, and shift the focus to
striking a dynamic balance between development and security.
Now another question follows: If the new development stage makes clear the historical
position of China’s development, the implementation of the new development philosophy
clarifies the guiding principles for China’s modernization drive, and building the new
development paradigm determines China’s choice of the path to its economic modernization,
then are there any internal relations among the “newness” expounded in the three “new”s in the
three dimensions, respectively? If yes, what are they? These questions are not so difficult to
answer after we have made clear the watershed between the three “new”s and the “past.”
The “new” in the new stage
First, the new development stage is “new” in development goals, environment, and in the
changes to opportunities and challenges. On this basis, the ambitious new development goals, the
new development environment marked by a remarkable increase of unstable and uncertain
factors, and the obviously increasing difficulty of grasping opportunities and identifying risks all
reflect a basic fact that as China is entering a new development stage, the weight and
significance of security have grown, highlighting the need to adopt a coordinated approach that
balances development and security imperatives.
This underscores the importance to, at the height of coordinating and balancing development
and security, deeply understand the complexity and harshness of the domestic and international
circumstances facing China, favorable and unfavorable factors within, and the possibility of
discovering opportunities from adversity and turning adversity into opportunities, to guard
against and defuse various risks in China’s modernization drive, and build solid shields for
national security, thereby ensuring the course of national rejuvenation is never delayed or
interrupted. This is a crucial juncture to cross in order to accurately understand the new
development stage, thoroughly implement the new development philosophy, and accelerate the
construction of the new development paradigm.
Second, the new development philosophy is “new” in that it must be implemented in a
complete, accurate, and comprehensive manner. As such, whether it is to understand the new
development philosophy by understanding the fundamental aim, staying problem-oriented and
being mindful of the difficulties ahead, or to implement the new development philosophy by
extending the goals of achieving higher-quality, more efficient, fairer, and more sustainable
development to include “more secure development,” or to implement the new development
philosophy with more precise and pragmatic actions that advance with the times, a profound
truth implied in it is that China is entering a new development stage where development and
security are equally important, and the two must be planned and deployed together.
This reminds us to stand at the height of adopting a coordinated approach to development
and security, pay close attention to various risks and challenges at home and abroad, and prepare
for worst-case scenarios, while striving for the best results. When planning for development, we
must carefully plan for security, and strive to achieve higher-quality, more efficient, fairer, more
sustainable, and more secure development. This is the necessary path to accurately understand
the new development stage, thoroughly implement the new development philosophy, and
accelerate the construction of the new development paradigm.
Third, the new development paradigm is “new” in that its starting point and purpose differ
greatly from those of the past. Therefore, whether to define the most essential characteristics of
the construction of the new development paradigm based on the standpoint of achieving a high
level of self-reliance and self-strengthening, or to grasp the essential content of the construction
of the new development paradigm by systemic and in-depth reform concerning the overall
situation, an important message conveyed is that building the new development paradigm is
aimed at coordinating and balancing development and security. It is manifested in the
phenomenon of smoothing the circulation of the national economy, while the core essence lies in
the strategic consideration of coordinating and balancing development and security.
Balancing development and security
This reminds us to stand at the height of coordinating and balancing development and safety,
clarifying the unified dialectical relationship between development and security, while placing
security in a more conspicuous position and giving more priority to security issues in
development. It also reminds us to coordinate and balance development and security through the
whole process and in all fields of the new development paradigm, striving to achieve a benign
interaction between high-quality development and high-level security. This is an important
starting point and purpose for accurately grasping the new development stage, thoroughly
implementing the new development philosophy, and accelerating the construction of the new
development paradigm.
Having said that, it can be clearly determined that the “new development stage,” “new
development philosophy,” and “new development paradigm” are by no means simply piecing
words together. Rather, the three are interdependent, and they serve as prerequisites for each
other. The main thread hidden deep in them is coordinating and balancing development and
security. The most fundamental, deepest, and most critical “newness” among the three lies in
coordinating and balancing development and security.
To extend it further, it is necessary to accurately grasp and continuously improve the political
ability, strategic vision, and professional level to enter the new development stage, implement
the new development philosophy, and build the new development paradigm from the height of
coordinating and balancing development and security. It is also necessary to strengthen forward-
looking thinking, overall planning, strategic layout, and holistic advancement. Only by doing this
can we grasp the key points and implement without deviation, so as to achieve the unity of
quality, structure, scale, speed, efficiency, and security of development, thus providing new
opportunities for the world through China’s new development.
As a conclusion, I want to point out that the core and soul of the new and uniquely Chinese
path to modernization lies in the word “new.” The core and soul of the new journey to achieving
the second centenary goal also lies in the word “new.” It can be said that “new” is key and
essential to understanding and grasping the three “new”s. It is also the key pivot to
understanding and grasping the new and uniquely Chinese path to modernization, as well as how
China can achieve its second centenary goal.
Gao Peiyong is vice president of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. This is an
excerpt from his speech at the forum’s Opening Ceremony.
Editor : Yu Hui
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Что «нового» на новом этапе, в новой философии и новой парадигме? Автор: GAO
PEIYONG Источник: Китайские социальные науки сегодня 2021-10-23
Гао Пэйён выступает на церемонии открытия Международного академического
форума в Китае 2021 14 октября в Пекине. Фото: Чжу Гаолей / CSST
В современном Китае, при более спокойном наблюдении, мы можем найти вокруг себя
множество выражений, описываемых как «новые». Другими словами, нас во многих
аспектах окружает «новое».
Например, тема сегодняшнего форума - «Новый и уникальный китайский путь к
модернизации». С этой темой тесно связаны такие термины, как «новая модель развития
человечества», «новый путь к социалистической модернизации во всех отношениях» и
«новая эра социализма с китайскими особенностями». Еще больше фраз, начинающихся с
«нового».
Среди таких фраз наиболее часто используемыми, наиболее фундаментальными,
наиболее глубокими и наиболее характерными являются так называемые «три« новых »:
новая стадия [развития], новая философия [развития] и новая парадигма [развития].
Осмысление трех «новых» и выяснение того, что нового и почему они являются новыми с
теоретической точки зрения, несомненно, жизненно важны для Китая, чтобы взять новый
курс на достижение второй столетней цели - превратить страну в великую современную
социалистическую страну во всех отношениях и умело рассказывать миру о новом
уникальном китайском пути модернизации.
В контексте китайского языка мы всегда говорим о «новом» в противоположность
«старому», используя «прошлое» в качестве системы отсчета. Мы всегда резюмируем
основные черты нового и системные отличия от «прошлого» через сравнение с
«прошлым». Следовательно, чтобы найти правильную систему отсчета прошлого для
сравнительного анализа, мы должны сначала ответить на вопрос: «Где находится
водораздел между тремя« новыми »и« прошлыми »?»
Мы очень хорошо знаем, что новый этап развития - это этап, на котором Китай,
достигнув первой столетней цели построения умеренно процветающего общества во всех
отношениях, опирается на это достижение, чтобы предпринять новый путь к второй
столетней цели построения общества. страна в великую современную социалистическую
страну во всех отношениях.
Мы отмечаем, что новая эра началась с 18-го Национального конгресса КПК в 2012
году, а новый этап развития был впервые предложен в 2021 году Генеральным секретарем
Си Цзиньпином на церемонии открытия семинара для высших должностных лиц
провинциального и министерского уровня по вопросам обучения и реализация
руководящих принципов V пленума ЦК КПК 19-го созыва. Таким образом, очевидно, что
новый этап развития начнется не в 2012 году, а в 2021 году.
Определение четко очерченного водораздела действительно важно для понимания и
осознания «новизны» трех «новых». Это потому что:
Во-первых, только с 2021 года как водораздела мы сможем прояснить основные черты
и системные отличия нового этапа развития от прошлого. Например, в отличие от
прошлого цель нового этапа развития - построить великую современную
социалистическую страну во всех отношениях, а не построить умеренно процветающее
общество во всех отношениях. Это более высокая цель, поставленная на новой, более
высокой отправной точке. В отличие от прошлого обстоятельства развития, с которыми
мы сталкиваемся, претерпели глубокие и сложные изменения, став значительно более
нестабильными и неопределенными.
Во-вторых, только с 2021 года как водораздела мы сможем четко объяснить, почему
новая философия развития должна быть полностью, точно и всесторонне реализована на
новом этапе развития. Например, неизменным остается утверждение о содержании новой
философии развития. Однако в отличие от прошлого Китай должен понимать основную
цель, оставаться проблемно-ориентированным и помнить о предстоящих трудностях при
реализации новой философии развития на новом этапе развития. В отличие от прошлого,
цели реализации новой философии развития на новом этапе развития должны быть
расширены от достижения более качественного, более эффективного, справедливого и
устойчивого развития до «более безопасного развития».
В-третьих, только с 2021 года как водораздела мы сможем выяснить отправную точку
и цель построения новой парадигмы развития на новом этапе развития. Например, в
отличие от прошлого, суть новой парадигмы развития заключается в реализации высокого
уровня самостоятельности и самоутверждения на новом этапе развития. Это ни в коем
случае не ограничивается экономической сферой, а скорее касается сглаживания
народного экономического круговорота. Мы должны мыслить нестандартно и обсуждать
построение новой парадигмы развития только на экономическом фронте или путем
«сглаживания». Крайне важно четко понимать и активно продвигать построение новой
парадигмы развития с целостной точки зрения и сместить акцент на достижение
динамического баланса между развитием и безопасностью. Теперь следует другой вопрос:
Если новый этап развития проясняет историческое положение развития Китая, реализация
новой философии развития проясняет руководящие принципы модернизации Китая, а
построение новой парадигмы развития определяет выбор Китаем пути к экономической
модернизации, то есть ли какие внутренние отношения среди «новизны», изложенные в
трех «новых» в трех измерениях, соответственно? Если да, то какие? На эти вопросы не
так сложно ответить после того, как мы обозначили водораздел между тремя «новыми» и
«прошлым».