UNIT 1

IDIOM
What are Idioms?
Idiom and meaning
Idioms are expression which have have a meaning that is not obvious from individual
words. For example the, idiom drive somebody round the bend means make
somebody angry or frustated, but we cannot know this just by looking at the words.

A. apologising

Everybody makes mistakes sometimes. When it happens we need a phrase to tell

the other person how really sorry we are and stop them getting really angry. Here
are ten phrases.
expressions
Sorry
I'm (so / very / terribly) sorry.
Ever so sorry.
How stupid / careless / thoughtless of me
Pardon (me)
Sorry,That's my fault.
Please excuse my (ignorance)
Please don't be mad at me.
Please accept our (sincerest) apologies.
How To Use These Phrases In Your
English:
Phrase 1 is a general short apology. We use
this when we bump into people on the street.
At other times, it sounds too weak.
n phrase 2, we use 'so', 'very' and 'terribly' to
make the meaning stronger. 'Terribly' is the
strongest. If we use one of the words in
brackets, it is stressed.
Phrase 3 is quite formal but it's a stronger
apology than just 'sorry'.
We use phrase 4 to criticise ourselves and the
mistake that we have just made.
We use phrases 6 and 7 to take all the
responsibility for what happened. Phrase 7 is
a little stronger.
We use phrase 8 to apologise for our lack of
knowledge or ability. We can replace the word
in brackets with other nouns, e.g.
carelessness, forgetfulness.
Phrase 9 is asking the other person not to get
angry. The tone is quite informal.
Phrase 10 is often used in formal letters. The
word 'sincerest' makes the apology very
strong and very formal.
B. Asking about health/life (Intermediate)
When we meet somebody we know it's polite to ask a question or two about their
health and their life. There are many different phrases in English for doing this. Here
are ten of that.

No Expressions How To Use These Phrases In Your English:

1 How are you? Phrase 1 is the best known phrase but English
people don't use it every time so it's useful to
learn some of the others on this page.
2. How are thing? Phrase 2 is a general inquiry about the other
person's health and life. Your answer could be
about your health, your work or your personal
life.
3 How’s thing? Phrase 3 is similar to phrase 2 but the 'incorrect'
grammar makes it much more informal.
4 How’s it going? Phrases 4 and 5 are asking about the other
person's life (work or personal life).
5 How are you getting on? Phrase 6 is really asking about health but the
other person may answer with general
information about their life.

C. Asking for approval (Intermediate)

Sometimes we are not sure if it's a good idea to do something. So we need useful
expressions for asking if other people agree with an idea or intended action. Here
are ten phrases.
N expressions How To Use These Phrases
o
1 Do you think it's all right to do it? Phrases 1, 2 and 3 are quite informal
ways of asking if another person agrees
with an action that you are planning to do
2 What do you think about (me -.
doing that)?
3 Do you think / reckon I ought to -
(do it)?
4 What would you say if I (did it)? Phrases 4 and 5 are hypothetical and so
sound a bit more polite. Phrases 1 to 3
suggest that speaker probably will do it. 4
and 5 suggest that the speaker won't do
it if another person doesn't agree
5 Would you approve of (doing -
something)?
D. Asking for help.
We all need help sometimes. In English, it is not polite to ask directly. So there are
many phrases that we can say before a request to 'soften' it. Here are ten such
phrases.
N expression How To Use These Phrases
o
1 Can you give me a hand with this? Phrase 1 is quite a direct question to
use with friends and people who you
know quite well.
2 Could you help me for a second? Phrase 2 is more polite. We include the
words 'for a second' to show that we
don't need a lot of help and that it will
not be difficult.
3 Can I ask a favour? Phrase 3 is a general way of
introducing a request for help.
4 I wonder if you could help me with Phrase 4 is polite and can be used with
this? people you don't know very well, or with
your boss.
5 I could do with some help, please. Phrase 5 is quite direct, and the focus is
that you really need help. It's quite
strong.

Giving an opinion - Intermediate

It is very imporatnt to show people when you are saying an opinion and show that it
is not a fact. Giving an opinion as a fact is not very polite in the UK
N expressions How To Use These Phrases
o
1 I reckon... We follow all the phrases with a
sentence or clause that shows the
speaker's opinion.
2 I'd say... Phrases 1 - 3 are really quite informal.
You can use these phrases when you
are discussing something with friends or
people who you know well.
3 Personally, I think... In phrase 1, 'reckon' is a very common
word in the UK today. It means 'I think'
but British people use the word 'reckon'
much more often than 'think'.
4 What I reckon is...
5 If you ask me... Phrases 5, 6 and 7 are all quite polite
and show clearly that the statement is
only an opinion.
 UNIT 2
SELF INTRODUCTION
How to Introduce Yourself
General Tips
The tips listed here will apply to almost every situation where you need to introduce
yourself. We’ll get more specific later, but for now, let’s focus on the things you can
do every time you need to introduce yourself to somebody new:
 State who you are clearly
 Be friendly
 Know your audience.

Introduce Yourself
Introduce Your Name
Question: What’s your name?
Answers:
 My name is …/ I’m …
 My full/ first/ last name is …
 You can call me …/ They call me …/ Please call me …/ Everyone calls me …
 My nickname is …
Introduce Your Country
Questions:
Where are you from?/ Where do you come from?
Where were you born?
Answers:
 I’m from …/ I hail from …/ I come from …/ My hometown is …/ I’m originally
from … (country)
 I’m … (nationality)
 I was born in …
Introduce Your Address
Question: Where do you live?/ What’s your address?
Answers:
 I live in … / My address is … (city)
 I live on … (name) street.
 I live at …
 I spent most of my life in …
 I have lived in … for/ since …
 I grew up in …
Introduce Your Age
Question: How old are you?
Answers:
 I’m … years old.
 I’m …
 I’m over/ almost/ nearly …
 I am around your age.
 I’m in my early twenties/ late thirties.
Introduce Your Family
Questions:
How many people are there in your family?
Who do you live with?/ With whom do you live?
Do you have any siblings?
Answers:
 There are … (number) people in my family. They are …
 There are … (number) of us in my family.
 My family has … (number) people.
 I live with my …
 I am the only child.
 I don’t have any siblings.
 I have … brothers and … (number) sister.
Introduce Your Birthday/Phone number
Questions:
What is your date of birth?/ When is your birthday?

What is your phone number?

Answers:
 My birthday is on …
 My phone number is …
Introduce Your Jobs
Questions:
What do you do?/ What do you do for living?/ What’s your job?/ What sort of
work do you do?/ What line of work are you in?
What did you want to be when you grew up?
Answers:
 I am a/ an …
 I work as a/ an …
 I work for (company) … as a/ an …
 I’m unemployed./ I am out of work./ I have been made redundant./ I am
between jobs.
 I earn my living as a/ an …
 I am looking for a job. / I am looking for work.
 I’m retired.
 I would like to be a/ an …/ I want to be a/ an …
 I used to work as a/ an … at … (places)
 I just started as … in the … department.
 I work in/at a … (places)
 I have been working in … (city) for … years.
Useful jobs for self-introduction: teacher, nurse, secretary, manager, cleaner,
policeman, builder, engineer, businessman, firefighter, postman, doctor, architect,
farmer, …
Useful places: bank, factory, supermarket, museum, hospital, shop, gallery, …
Introduce Your Hobbies
Questions: 
What’s your hobby?/ What do you like?/ What do you like to do?/ What’s your
favorite … ?
Answers:
 I like/ love/ enjoy/ … (sports/ movies/ …/)
 I am interested in …
 I am good at …
 My hobby is …/ I am interesting in …
 My hobbies are …/ My hobby is …
 My favorite sport is …
 My favorite color is …
 I have a passion for …
 My favorite place is …
 I sometimes go to … (places), I like it because …
 I don’t like/ dislike/ hate …
 My favorite food/drink is …
 My favorite singer/ band is …
 My favorite day of the week is … because …
Because: (self-introduction sample)
 there are many things to see and do
 This is one of the most beautiful places I have been visited.
 I can relax there
 it’s relaxing/ popular/ nice/ …
Hobbies – Free time activities for self-introduction.
  Reading, painting, drawing
 Playing computer games
 Surfing the Internet
 Collecting stamps/ coins/ …
 Going to the cinema
 Playing with friends
 Chatting with best friends
 Going to the park/ beach/ zoo/ museum/ …
 Listening to music
 Shopping, singing, dancing, travelling, camping, hiking, …
Movies: action movies, comedy, romance, horror, document, thriller, cartoons, …
Sports: volleyball, badminton, tennis, yoga, cycling, running, fishing, …
Questions: What do you like doing in your free time?/ What do you do in your
spare time?
Answers:
 In my free time, I like …
 I like … when I’m free.
 At weekends I sometimes go to … (places)
Introduce Your Education
Questions:
Where do you study?
What do you study? / What is your major?
Answers:
 I’m a student at … (school)
 I study at …/ I am at …/ I go to … (school)
 I study … (majors)
 My major is …
Majors in English: accounting, advertising, arts, biology, economics, history,
humanities, marketing, journalism, sociology, philosophy, …
Questions:
Why do you study English?
Do you speak English?
How long have you been learning English?/ How long have you learned
English?
Answers:
 I study English because …
 I can speak English very well.
 I’ve been learning English for/ since …
 I can express myself and communicate in English.
Because: (self-introduction sample)
 I like it a lot
 I love it.
 I think it’s important
 I have to
 It’s very important and necessary.
 I want to learn more about this language.
 I love to improve my English skills.
Questions:
Which grade are you in?
Which year are you in?
 I’m in … grade.
 I’m in my first/ second/ third/ final year.
 I am a freshman.
 I graduated from …/ My previous school was …
Question: What’s your favorite subject?
Answers:
 My favorite subject is …
 I am good at … (subjects)
Subjects: Maths, English, Physics, Physical Education, Science, Music, …
Introduce Your Marital status
Questions: What is your marital status?
Are you married?
Do you have a boyfriend/ girlfriend?
Answers:
 I’m married/ single/ engaged/ divorced.
 I’m not seeing/ dating anyone.
 I’m not ready for a serious relationship.
 I’m going out with a … (someone)
 I’m in a relationship./ I’m in an open relationship.
 It’s complicated.
 I have a boyfriend/ girlfriend/ lover/ …
 I’m in love with … (someone)
 I’m going through a divorce.
 I have a husband/ wife.
 I’m a happily married man/ woman.
 I have a happy/ unhappy marriage.
 My wife/ husband and I, we’re separated.
 I am available.
 I haven’t found what I’m looking for.
 I’m ready for a rebound relationship.
 I’m a widow/ widower.
 I’m still looking for the one.
 I (don’t) have … (number) children.
Introduce Your Personality Traits
 I am a … person/ I’m … (character & personality)
 My best quality is … (character & personality)
Character & Personality for self-introduction: brave, calm, gentle, courteous,
creative, hard-working, rude, unfriendly, unreliable, lazy, stingy, insensitive, …
Also learn an extensive list of adjectives to describe yourself. 
Others
 I’ve got a … (pet)
  My best friend’s name is …
 I (don’t) have … (number) international friends.
 My dream is …
Pets: dog, puppy, mouse, rabbit, cat, goldfish, …

UNIT 3
OPENING SPEECH
Speaking in public is not an easy task for the first time. For most of the people it’s
anxiety to face the audience. Indeed, initially, everyone has this anxiety, but little by
little by facing a group of people and talking to them you will built your confidence
and reduce your anxiety.
In fact, a successful speech starts from a successful and effective opening. If you
have a good first impression and gain the attention of the audience, then till the end
of your speech the audience will be willing to listen to you.
If you’ve got the honor of preparing and delivering one, you have to know about the
essential elements to cover in your opening remarks. Follow the steps below to have
a marvelous opening.
3.1 Sample Opening Speech in English
Step 1. Give a confident introduction
Great and Introduce yourself briefly to the audience, the audience want to know who you
are. Tell them about your name. Make a good first impression in opening. As an illustration,
you can say the following lines:

O Allah the Almighty protect me and guide me to your love and mercy. Ya Allah
don’t deprive me from beholding your beauty, O my Lord accept this please. There is
nothing in my heart except Allah.
A warm good afternoon/evening/morning to all of you present here. My name is
(insert your name) and I will be your host till the end of function.
Step 2. Specifically acknowledge and welcome any important guests and thank them
for coming.

The second step is to welcome the important guests and the audience. Ensure
you’ve got the names of all the special guests you need to mention specifically and,
that you know how to pronounce them. For instance, you can welcome as follows:
I (insert your name) on behalf of (insert the name of someone) welcome today’s
special (insert the name here) to the special evening of splendor. We are delighted
to have you here to participate and share in the (inset the name of the event) hosted
by (insert the name of your organization). Thank you for coming. That many of you
travel long distances serves to remind us all just how important our work is
Step 3. Give your credential or introduce your function
Give a brief introduction of the occasion. The audience want to know what you will
represent them in the whole function. You have to shortly evaluate your occasion to
grab the audience attention and captivate them, why they are going to listen to you
for the rest of your occasion.
Conclusion:
Please do rehearse. It makes a huge difference! You’ll sound, and look better.
Taking the time to rehearse shows respect for yourself, the audience and the event.

UNIT 4
PUBLIC SPEAKING
Public speaking is oral communication spoken in front of large people that combines
the skill of speaking and the art of speaking.

4.1 The Function of Public Speaking.

Not many people know that public speaking has a power to solve many problems as
well as the function of public speaking itself. There are three functions of public
speaking as described below:
4.1.1. To Blow-Out Information
Information can be gotten from mass media, brochure, internet. Nevertheless, some
people still cannot understand or catch the point of the information so that
information is blown out by credible people is more effective and personalized.
4.1.2. To Share Our Thought
It is believed that every person has a briliant thoughts that they can share their
thought through writing and oral. Sharing the thought in written ways can be done
throughjournal, magazine, book and newspaper. In other side, the only way to share
the thought by using oral way is through public speaking.
4.1.3. To Debate Argument Verbally
As ordinary people, sometimes we have problem with other people in working place,
campus, school, house, public area. People with low capability in public speaking
cannot encounter the problems with verbal argumentation. They tend to use their
emotion and physical combat to encounter other people.
2. Knowing about yourself.
Knowing about your speech will help you to prepare your speech performance well.
This part guides you to know what are needed in giving a speech. In public speaking,
it is a must to know; the purposes of delivery and the modes of delivery.
2.1 The purposes of delivery
There are four types of speech according to its purposes. Each of them will be
discussed below.
1. Narrative Speech
Narrative speech aims to amuse the audiences or to share the speaker’s
experiences
Then Labovin Gareis (2006) describes this kind of speech into several parts. The five
parts in narrative speech usually called generic structures. The generic structures in
the narrative speech are:

Opening
Opening is a short statement to tell the audiences what topic we are going to tell.
The topic here can be called as the storyline. Remember, this poin is so important so
you cannot deliver a speech without saying the topic in the opening session.
Orientation
Orientation is the introduction of the time, place, and characters of the story. The
position of orientation is in the introduction of your points after the storyline is told in
the opening part. In this part, you can tell about the points involved in the characters,
setting of the place and time of the story. Can I Be A Public Speaker?
Complicating Events
Complicating events is the events of the story or the core of the story. On one
occasion you have introduced your story, you can directly deliver the complicating
events, the core of your story. Deliver your main points in this section and tell
everyone what your speech about. You have to complicate all events in your story
completely so that people will get all the details. In this phase you can make your
volume louder than in the previous stage to emphasize the climax of your speech.
Resolution
Resolution is how the story ends. It is how problems come to solve. As the opposite
of the orientation, the resolution tells your audiences that your story has come to the
end. Therefore, in this point you give signal from your voice or volume that your story
will be ended. It clearly states how your story ends.
Coda
Coda is the final or extra part of a speech. In this phase, you can summary your
story and conclude it as it is the time to state your coda. It is used to make significant
line to sum up the whole story. Moreover, you can state your feeling as you recall
your past to your audiences.
The Example of Narrative Speech
YOUR BIRTHDAY IS MINE
This story happens, when I was in Vocational High School. I had friend, named
Caca. She was kind and beautiful girl. She likes helping other so she had many
friends and all of them loved her so much. Moreover, in her birthday, we had idea to
give surprise because we knew that she forgot her birthday.
Before my friends and I went to school, we prepared everything that had to be
brought for surprising Caca. The things I brought in my bag were present, wheat,
and three eggs. My present for Caca is a beautiful brown watch. I chose brown
because Caca’s favorite colour is brown. Therefore, I considered watch as my
present because Caca had lost her watch a month ago. Then, I had to be careful to
keep wheat and eggs in my bag. I arrived in my class before teacher came so
directly I put my bag and left if. I moved to another desk.
My friends and I talked each other so we had not realized that the teacher had
come. After teacher gave us command to sit down on our position, we directly move
to our desk. Unfortunately, I forgot with eggs and wheat in my bag so I sat down and
leant on my bag. Some minutes later, I felt uncomfortable because my desk was
wet. I really surprised and screamed. My teacher and my friends asked me the
problem then I answered that I have sat on the eggs and wheat. All of them asked
me to tell the real story about it. Then, I told the story and all of them laugh. The last,
Caca said “Thank you so much because you have been my representative to take a
bath with eggs”.
By Aisah
The staf member of English Language Center
Muhammadiyah University of Ponorogo

2. Demonstrative Speech
Gareis (2006) informs that demonstration speech is a type of speech delivered to
show how something works or how something is done. For example, a hand phone
sales manager uses demonstrative speech to show how the newest hand phone
works, or the other examplecan be from a cooking utensils sales uses it when
showing how the process of modern rice cooker is done.
The Example of Demonstrative Speech
MAGIC BLENDER
Good afternoon everybody, in beautiful afternoon would be better if we drink a glass
of apple or mango juice. Hmmm...but there is problem when you want make juice
then your juice not too fresh like what I drink now. It is caused because you still use
old blender where your blender cannot separate between fruit essence and the
residue of fruit meat. It is different with my magic blender. In mine, you just need to
prepare a cup of water and empty glass. However, you Can I Be A Public Speaker?
must buy fruits first before you use this blender. Magic blender works as fast as
military jet. How it can? I will explain it. First, you just need open the top of the
blender. Then, push your fruit like carrot in this part (show the part to blend the fruit).
Next, pour a cup of water and sugar. Remember, don’t forget to open the hole of
residue as the way to throw the residue from your fruit. After that, push the “on
power”. Let’s see, WOW.... a cup of fresh carrot juice can be drunk. So, do you want
still use your old blender or changes it with this one? However, if you want have
blender like I have, you just need call in 88888,Then our employee will come to your
home and bring this blender. You can pay in three times. So, don’t worry about the
prizes. Okay, see you in next episodes and do not forget to brings a magic blender
to your home.
The important things that should be remembered as a demonstrator is they must
speak as fast as they can without pause. It is one of strategy to make the audience
believe and interest with what the demonstrator said.
By Herningtyas
The staf member of English Language Center
Muhammadiyah University of Ponorogo

3. Informative Speech
Informative speech aims to educate and inform the audience, said Gareis (2006).
She adds that in the informative speech speakers, basically do as teachers and
deliver knowledge and concepts covering some topics.
The Example of Informative Speech
ALOE VERA
Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb.
“Alhamdulillah today, Allah SWT. Still gives us chance to meet each other. In this
good occasion let me share my little experience when I had gastric acid disease. I
felt no enjoyable when my gastric acid flared up. However, I can solve it by
something that usually we meet it around our garden.
This plant usually is used to make our hair shiny and smooth. However, there are
people that actually do not know well that this plant has many advantages.Usually,
People just take simplest way to use this plant because they only know that this
plant just for their hair and skin. They take the gel from this plant. Then, they wipe off
the gel to their hair or skin.
Nowadays, you should know that this plant that we call as ALOE VERA can be
functioned as alternative medicine. Many factories make aloe vera as material to
make herbal medicine. We ever found that some factories produce aloe vera in form
of gel that mix with water. However, I think would be better for us to process it by
ourselves. We can avoid ourself from consume chemical substance.
Aloe vera can be usedfor people that have hypertencion disease. Aloe vera consist
of useful substance that can help people who have hipertency. People only need to
eat one stem of aloe vera. As we know that aloe vera has thorn, so we must peel the
skin of aloe vera first. Then, we wash the gel. After the gel clean, we eat it directly.
Trust me that eat one stem of aloe vera can help hypertension poeple be better.
Aloe vera is better than chemical drug. When we use aloe vera as an alternative
medicine we can spared our body from the dangerous effect of chemical drugs.
Besides as traditional medicine, aloe vera can be functioned as a gastric acid
medicine. There is same way to consume aloe vera as gastric acid. You just need to
pick one stem of aloe vera. Then you peel and wash it until clean. After you get the
aloe vera gel, you can directly eat it. It is simple and economic. So, we would be
better use alternative medicine that more safe for our body. Okay, that’a about aloe
vera that has many functions for our body. I hope we can more care to use
alternative medicine. Moreover, alternative medicine can be gotten around our
house.
Thank you so much for your coming. I hope my that we can more aware about
plants around us that serve many advantages for us. Okay, see you next time and
Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb.
By Herningtyas
The staf member of English Language Center
Muhammadiyah University of Ponorogo

4. Persuasive Speech
Persuasive speech is the hardest type of speaking. The speaker has a job to
persuade and to change the audiences’ mind or behaviour. Gareis (2006) states
persuasive speech.
The Example of Persuasive Speech
TECHNOLOGY
What do you think about technology? If we discuss about technology, most of people
will mention Smartphone, laptop, tab, internet, Wifi, applications, etc. Nowadays, the
users of gadget, especially Smartphone is not only adult but also teenager and
children. Teenager and children use Smartphone is something usual. Parents give
them that facility because some of them think that their children have to be people
who can follow the development of era. They do not want to have out of date
children. They just think that Smartphone helps their students to study about
everything because by using this aid children can open many things to improve their
ability. Moreover, parents also have point of view that using Smartphone is the best
way for children so that they can stay at home if their parents go out to do activities.
It means that the existence of Smartphone will bring many benefits for children and
parents. The benefits are as follow:
1. Children can know the development of technology by applying it directly in their
daily life.
2. Children can enjoy their playing in game application, which can be served by
Smartphone.
3. There is no dangerous activity that will be done by children because they just stay
at home with their Smartphone. For example play in dirty places or play in road
which can disturb the traffic. In addition, by using Smartphone, parent will not feel
worry because of children’s social intercourse so that there is no chance for them to
choose the wrong friends in their daily life.
However, do you ever think that using Smartphone is more dangerous than children
play on the road? The reason is that by using Smartphone children can open
everything whether good and bad. Children can use Smartphone to watch bad video
and apply it although they do not know the effects if they do it. Moreover, children
who always use Smartphone will get the negative effect, such as dangerous for their
eyes, make them cannot socialize with their real life. It will make children lack of
communication and individuals. Besides, Smartphone addict can make children lazy
to do other activities and it will decrease their creativity. In addition, many cases
happen because of social media. Teenager and children do crime because they
know it from internet. Then, children and teenager also imitate everything, which
comes from internet. For instance, Indonesian will more proud and confidence if they
wear western style, they will enjoy in using foreign language, they like to do
activities, which have relationship with everything in social media although it is not
appropriate with their nation culture. This case is not only dangerous for those
people but also for Indonesia. How if all Indonesian young generations do the same
actions? Automatically, it can decrease nationalism and patriotism.
In conclusion, Parent may not give smartphone facilities to their teenager or children
because it will bring more harm.
 UNIT 4
DEBATING (PRESENTATION)

Debate: Are professional sportsmen and sportswomen good role models?

Work in groups of four to six. Follow the instructions.
• In your groups, divide into two debating teams: Team A and Team B.
• Team A thinks that sportsmen and sportswomen are good role models and Team B
thinks that sportsmen and sportswomen are bad role models.
• Work in your teams. Prepare your arguments. Use the notes and opinions below
and add your own ideas.
• Decide who will talk about each aspect of the argument.
• When you have prepared your argument, have the debate.
A: Sportsmen and sportswomen are good role models.

• These people are active and athletic so they encourage children to stay fit and healthy.
• They can teach us good sportsmanship – to be fair and to have respect for other
players.
• It’s very hard to become a professional sportsman or sportswoman. They teach us never
to give up,
to follow our dreams and to work hard.
• They earn a lot of money but they are watched by millions of people around the world
and many of
them help other people by donating money to charity.
• Professional sportsmen and sportswomen teach us to love what we do.
• They teach us about team work, team spirit and leadership – very important values for
society in general.

B: Sportsmen and sportswomen are bad role models.

• They teach children the importance of physical activity and keeping fit but in today’s
world, mental
activity, school work and creativity are more important. Teachers, scientists and engineers
should be
our role models.
• Professional sportsmen and sportswomen don’t always behave well and children copy
their bad
behaviour.
 • Many sportsmen and sportswomen have been caught cheating or taking illegal drugs.
• Parents and coaches can often push children too hard and demand perfection, but it’s
also important
to learn that nobody is perfect.
• These sportsmen and sportswomen have had no childhood – they were always training.
Sport is an
obsession with them.
• Professional sportsmen and sportswomen are no better than entertainers and
celebrities. They are
only interested in money and fame. They are paid to win.
• They have a very short career, many don’t earn a lot of money and have nothing when
they retire

Debate: The future looks bright!

Work in groups of four to six. Follow the instructions.
• In your groups, divide into two debating teams: A and B.
• Team A thinks that the future looks bright and positive, and Team B thinks that the future
looks dark and negative.
• Work in your teams. Prepare your arguments. Use the notes and opinions below and add
your own ideas.
• Decide who will talk about each aspect of the argument.
A: The future looks bright!
• Wewill make enormous technological advances, which will help us in the future.
• We will soon have cured many of the diseases that exist now,for example cancer.
• With cooperation between countries we will be able to solve global problems such as
global warming,
famine and poverty.
• We will be able to travel to and perhaps even live in space.
• We will have flying cars and trains which connect all major cities and safer aeroplanes.

B: The future looks dark!

• Our advances in technology won’t be enough to solve major global problems.
• New diseases are already evolving and old diseases might come back.
• If countries don’t cooperate now, why would they cooperate in the future?
• We might need to move into space in the future because we will have used all the
available land and
resources here on Earth. But who will go, and who will decide who goes and who stays?
• Our biggest problem is not transport, but the environment. We are destroying the planet
and future
generations will have problems that nobody can predict.
STUDENT B
Describe and compare the things and people in the pictures. What are the advantages and
disadvantages of each way of studying? Try to speak for one minute without stopping or
repeating your answer.
STUDENT A
Listen to Student B and then tell him / her your thoughts on this question. Which way
do you like to study?

STUDENT B
Describe and compare the things and people in the pictures. What are the
advantages and disadvantages of watching TV in these places? Try to speak for one
minute without stopping or repeating yourself.
STUDENT A
Listen to Student B and then tell him/her your thoughts on this question:
Why do you think people like watching football matches on TV in large groups?

UNIT 5

SPEECH

The Basic Structure of a Speech

All speeches contain at least three parts:

An Introduction
A Body
A Conclusion

1. In the Introduction, you state the topic of your speech. You tell the audience the
main points of your speech. In other words, you say what you are going to speak
about.

2. In the Body, you speak about each point in detail. For each point you must give
the audience some evidence or information that will help explain and support each
point. The Body is the longest of the three parts.

3. In the Conclusion, you should summarise the main points of your speech, and
emphasise what you want the audience to remember.

Making a Simple Outline

An outline is a way to organise your ideas logically and clearly. Without making an
outline your speech will probably lack structure, and so be difficult to understand. By
using a presentation outline, you can “see” the structure of your speech. In addition,
It can also serve as your speaking script.
The following presentation outline is a very simple way to organise your material into
a speech format. If you have time, you should look at the detailed speech outline.
When making an outline you should not write full sentences, but just key words and
phrases.

1. Introduction
What is the topic of your speech?
Why should the audience listen to your speech ?
What will your main points be?
2. The body
What are your main points and ideas (sub-topics)?
What is your supporting evidence and information (sub-sub-topics)?

3. The conclusion
What were the main main points of your speech, and what do you want the audience
to remember?
Note that the presentation outline is not a word-for-word script for the speech but an
outline of ideas to serve as an organisational and presentation tool for the speaker.

Example:
Ladies and gentlemen, bullying may seem like a small problem for some people.
Most people may not realize that the damage caused by bullying can be so serious.
It can be as serious as “death” in extreme cases. If you think that bullying is not a
serious matter to deal with just because it merely hurt “feelings” then I have to tell
you that you are completely wrong. This “merely hurt your feelings” thing can be the
beginning of various worse scenarios such as physical assault, suicide, or any other
kinds of violent acts carried out in the name of revenge.
As I said just now that bullying is not a serious problem for some people, just
because we simply don’t see the damage. But the thing is, based on my experience
as a teacher, I learned that the effect of bullying can stay undetected for years.
During this time, the effect of bullying keeps corrupting the soul of the victim. They
may hold it inside as a grudge, or they may also develop trauma which may result in
self-withdrawal. I believe that this is something that we don’t want to happen to our
children. That is why we have to act right now to stop it, and I mean all of us with no
exception.

References

https://www.wallstreetenglish.co.id/english-tips/pidato-bahasa-inggris/
https://outandabout.cambridge.es/onlineresources1/
https://www.google.com/url?
sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjP45
PkjM7zAhXC3jgGHaFUDZkQFnoECAUQAQ&url=http%3A%2F
%2Feprints.umpo.ac.id%2F4570%2F1%2FCAN%2520I%2520BE%2520A
%2520PUBLIC%2520SPEAKER%25202ND%2520ED.pdf&usg=AOvVaw18mzB-
49r02O8wUYDtiT-5
https://www.ypo.org/2015/04/7-memorable-ways-to-open-a-speech-or-
presentation/