

                 
                 
                 
                 
                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 1 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

                 
                 
                 
                 
                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
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 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 3 www.mathscentre.co.nz

 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 4 www.mathscentre.co.nz

 

                 
                 
                 
                 
                

                
                 
                
               
               

                

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                
                 
                 

                

                
                 
                
                

                 

                 
                
                
                 
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 5 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

                 
                 
                 
                 
                

                
                 
                
               
               

                

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                
                 
                 

                

                
                 
                
                

                 

                 
                
                
                 
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 6 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

               
                
                 
                
                

                
                 
               
                 
               

                

                
                 
                
               

                

               
                 
                 
                

                

                
                
                 
                 

               

                 
                
                
                 
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 7 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

                 
                 
                 
                 
                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 8 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

                               

                               
                               
                               
                               

                               

                               
                               
                               
                               

                               

                               
                               
                               
                               

                               

                               
                               
                               
                               
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 

                               

                               
                               
                               
                               

                               

                               
                               
                               
                               

                               

                               
                               
                               
                               

                               

                               
                               
                               
                               
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 10 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 11 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
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 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
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 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
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 

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

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 

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

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       
       
       
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               
               
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               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
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               
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               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
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 

                 
                 
                 
                 
                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
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                 
                 
                 
                 
                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
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 

  
             

            

            

             

             

             

           

           

             

              

           

              

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 

  
                

               

               

                

                

                

              

              

                

                 

              

                 

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 

  
            

             

            

             

             

           

             

             

            

            

             

             

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 

  
               

                

               

                

                

              

                

                

               

               

                

                

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 

  
             

            

            

           

            

             

            

            

            

              

              

             

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 

  
                

               

               

              

               

                

               

               

               

                 

                 

                

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  
             

             

            

            

           

            

             

            

            

             

              

             

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  
                

                

               

               

              

               

                

               

               

                

                 

                

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  
             

             

            

            

             

             

            

             

             

           

            

             

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  
                

                

               

               

                

                

               

                

                

              

               

                

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  
            

             

            

             

             

            

             

            

           

             

              

            

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  
               

                

               

                

                

               

                

               

              

                

                 

               

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  
             

             

            

           

            

             

            

             

            

             

             

             

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  
                

                

               

              

               

                

               

                

               

                

                

                

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  
            

             

              

           

            

            

             

             

            

            

             

             

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               

                

                 

              

               

               

                

                

               

               

                

                

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 
            

            

             

           

            

             

             

             

            

              

            

             

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 
               

               

                

              

               

                

                

                

               

                 

               

                

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 

         

        
     
        
 
       
         
   

     
 

       
 
       
   
 
       

         

    

   
     

       

 
        
         
    
      
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 39 www.mathscentre.co.nz
  

         

        
     
       

 
       
         
   

     
 

    

   
 
       
   
 
       

         

        

     

       

 
        
         
    
      
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         

        
     
        
 
       
         
   

       
 

       
 
       
   
 
       

         

    

   
     

       

 
        
         
    
         
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  

         

        
     
        
 
       
         
   

       
 

       
 
       
   
 
       

         

    

   
     

       

 
        
         
    
         
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 

                
                 
                 
                 
                 

                 
                
                
                
                 

                

                 
               
                 
                 

                

                 
                
                 
                 

                 

                
                
                 
               

                

                 
                 
                 
                
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 

                
                 
                 
                 
                 

                 
                
                
                
                 

                

                 
               
                 
                 

                

                 
                
                 
                 

                 

                
                
                 
               

                

                 
                 
                 
                
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 

                 
                 
                 
                 
                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
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 

                 
                 
                 
                 
                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
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 

                
                 
                 
                 
                 

               
                 
               
                 
               

                 

                 
                
                 
                

                 

                 
                 
                
                

                 

                
                 
                
                 

                

                
                 
                 
                 
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 47 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

                
                 
                 
                 
                 

               
                 
               
                 
               

                 

                 
                
                 
                

                 

                 
                 
                
                

                 

                
                 
                
                 

                

                
                 
                 
                 
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 

                 
                 
                 
                 
                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
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 

                 
                 
                 
                 
                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
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 

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
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 

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
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 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
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 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
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 

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
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 

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
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 

  
              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

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 

  
                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

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 

  
              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

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 

  
                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

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  
              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

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 

  
                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

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 

  
              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

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 

  
                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

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 

  
              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

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 

  
                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

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 

  
              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

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 

  
                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

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 

  
              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

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 

  
                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

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              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 71 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

  
                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

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 

 
              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

              

Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 73 www.mathscentre.co.nz
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                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

                 

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           
           
     

           
           
     

           
           
     

           
           
     

           
           
     
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           
           
     

           
           
     

           
           
     

           
           
     

           
           
     
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         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    
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 

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    
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 

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    
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 

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    
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 

                
                
               
                
                

                
                 
                
              
               

                 

                
                
               
                

               

               
                
               
                

                

                
              
               
                 

                

                
                 
              
               

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 

                
                
               
                
                

                
                 
                
              
               

                 

                
                
               
                

               

               
                
               
                

                

                
              
               
                 

                

                
                 
              
               

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 

                 
                 
                 
                 
                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

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 

                 
                 
                 
                 
                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

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 

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
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 

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
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                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

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 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

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 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
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 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
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 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
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 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
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 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
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 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                 
                 
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 94 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 95 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    
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 

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    
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 

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 98 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 99 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 100 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    
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 

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    
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         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 103 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 104 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    
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         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    
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         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    
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         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    
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         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    
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 

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    
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         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    
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         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    

         

         
    
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             

             
        
        
    

             

             
        
        
    

             

             
        
        
    

             

             
        
        
    
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             

             
        
        
    

             

             
        
        
    

             

             
        
        
    

             

             
        
        
    
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             

             
        
        
    

             

             
        
        
    

             

             
        
        
    

             

             
        
        
    
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             

             
        
        
    

             

             
        
        
    

             

             
        
        
    

             

             
        
        
    
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             
             
        
       
    

             
             
        
        
    

             
             
        
        
    

             
             
        
        
    
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             
             
        
       
    

             
             
        
        
    

             
             
        
        
    

             
             
        
        
    
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             
             
        
        
    

             
             
        
        
    

             
             
        
        
    

             
             
        
        
    
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             
             
        
        
    

             
             
        
        
    

             
             
        
        
    

             
             
        
        
    
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             
             
        
        
    

             
             
        
        
    

             
             
        
        
    

             
             
        
        
    
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             
             
        
        
    

             
             
        
        
    

             
             
        
        
    

             
             
        
        
    
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 

  

                
                 
                
                
               

                 
                 
               
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                
                

                 

                
                
                 
                 

                

              
                
                
                 

               

                 
                
                
               
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 123 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

  

                
                 
                
                
               

                 
                 
               
                 
                 

                 

                 
                 
                
                

                 

                
                
                 
                 

                

              
                
                
                 

               

                 
                
                
               
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 124 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

  

                
                 
               
                 
                

                
                 
                
               
              

                

                 
               
                 
               

                

                 
                
               
                

                

                 
                
                
                 

                 

                
                 
               
                 
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 125 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

  

                
                 
               
                 
                

                
                 
                
               
              

                

                 
               
                 
               

                

                 
                
               
                

                

                 
                
                
                 

                 

                
                 
               
                 
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 126 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

  

                 
                
                
               
                 

                 
                
                 
                
                

                 

                 
                 
                
                

               

                 
                
                 
                

                 

                 
                 
                
                

                 

                 
                
               
                 
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 127 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

  

                 
                
                
               
                 

                 
                
                 
                
                

                 

                 
                 
                
                

               

                 
                
                 
                

                 

                 
                 
                
                

                 

                 
                
               
                 
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 128 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               

               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 129 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               

               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 130 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

               
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

               
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 131 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               

               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 132 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

               
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

               
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 133 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               

               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
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 

  

             
             
             
             
            

              
              
             
              
             

             

             
             
              
             

              

             
              
              
             

            

             
              
             
              

             

             
              
              
             
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 135 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

  

                
                
                
                
               

                 
                 
                
                 
                

                

                
                
                 
                

                 

                
                 
                 
                

               

                
                 
                
                 

                

                
                 
                 
                
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 

  

                
                 
               
                 
                

                 
                
                
               
               

               

                 
                
                
                

               

                 
                
               
                 

               

                 
                
                 
                

                 

                 
                
                
                
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 137 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

  

                
                 
               
                 
                

                 
                
                
               
               

               

                 
                
                
                

               

                 
                
               
                 

               

                 
                
                 
                

                 

                 
                
                
                
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 138 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

  

                 
                 
                 
                 
                 

                 
                
                
                 
                

                 

                
               
               
                

                 

                 
                 
                 
                

                

                 
                
                 
                

                

                
                 
               
                
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 139 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

  

                 
                 
                 
                 
                 

                 
                
                
                 
                

                 

                
               
               
                

                 

                 
                 
                 
                

                

                 
                
                 
                

                

                
                 
               
                
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 

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 141 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 142 www.mathscentre.co.nz

 

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 143 www.mathscentre.co.nz

 

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 144 www.mathscentre.co.nz

 

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        
Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 145 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

  
        

Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 146 www.mathscentre.co.nz

 

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

Supplied by The NZ Centre of Mathematics Page 147 www.mathscentre.co.nz

 

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

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 

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

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 

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

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 

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

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        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

        

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