99999999999999999999

According to the U.S. Bureau of Statistics, workers in the United States earn an average of $47,230 a
year. Suppose an economist wants to check whether this mean has changed or not. The
population of US workers is approximately normally distributed

 A soda company claims that their cans, on average, contain 12 ounces of soda. However, if these
cans contain less than the claimed amount of soda, then the company can be accused of
cheating. Suppose a consumer agency wants to test whether the mean amount of soda per can
is less than 12 ounces.

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At Canon Food Corporation, it takes an average of 90 minutes for workers to learn a food processing
job. Recently the company installed a new food processing machine. The supervisor at the company
wants to find if the mean time taken by workers to learn the food processing procedure on this new
machine is different than 90 minutes. A sample of 20 workers showed that it took, on average, 85
minutes for them to learn the food processing procedure on the new machine. It is known that the
learning times for all workers are normally distributed with a population standard deviation of 7
minutes.

Find the p–value for the test that the mean learning time for the food processing procedure on the new
machine is different from 90 minutes. What will your conclusion be if α = .01?

The management of Priority Health Club claims that its members lose an average of 10 pounds
or more within the first month after joining the club.

A consumer agency wanted to check whether this claim is false.

They take a random sample of 36 members of this health club and find that the members lost
an average of 9.2 pounds within the first month of membership. The population standard
deviation is 2.4 pounds.

Find the p–value for this test. What will your decision be if α = .01? What if α = .05?

The TIV Telephone Company provides long-distance telephone service in an area. According to the
company’s records, the average length of all long-distance calls placed through this company last year
was 12.44 minutes.

The company’s management wanted to check if the mean length of the current long-distance calls is
different from 12.44 minutes.
A sample of 150 such calls placed through this company produced a mean length of 13.71 minutes with
a population standard deviation of 2.65 minutes.

Using the 2% significance level, can you conclude that the mean length of all current long-distance calls
is different from 12.44 minutes?

The mayor of a large city claims that the average net worth of families living in this city is at
least $300,000.

A random sample of 25 families selected from this city produced a mean net worth of $288,000.
Assume that the net worth of all families in this city have a normal distribution with the
population standard deviation of $80,000.

Using the 2.5% significance level, can you conclude that the mayor’s claim is false?

Grand Auto Corporation produces auto batteries. The company claims that its top-of-the-line Never Die
batteries are good, on average, for at least 65 months.

A consumer protection agency tested 45 such batteries to check this claim. It found the mean life of
these 45 batteries to be 63.4 months with a sample standard deviation of 3 months.

Find the p-value for the test that the mean life of all such batteries is less than 65 months. What will
your conclusion be if the significance level is 2.5%?

The management at Massachusetts Savings Bank is always concerned about the service provided to its
customers. With the old computer system, a teller at this bank could serve, on average, 22 customers
per hour. The management noticed that the waiting time for customers was too long. Recently the
management of the bank installed a new computer system in the bank to reduce the waiting time.

To check if the new computer system is more efficient than the old system, the management of the
bank took a random sample of 70 hours and found that during these hours the mean number of
customers served by tellers was 27 per hour with a sample standard deviation of 2.5.

Testing at the 1% significance level using the critical value approach, would you conclude that the new
computer system is more efficient than the old computer system?
A psychologist claims that the mean age at which children start walking is 12.5 months. Carol wanted to
check whether this was false.

She took a random sample of 18 children and found that the mean age at which these children started
walking was 12.9 months with a sample standard deviation of 0.80 month.

Using the 1% significance level, can you conclude that the mean age at which all children start walking is
different from 12.5 months? Assume that the ages at which all children start walking have an
approximately normal distribution. Use the critical value approach to conduct the hypothesis test.

According to a Gallup poll conducted in 2019, 20% of traditional college graduates (those who earned
their degree before age 25) were emotionally attached to their alma mater.

Suppose this result is true for the 2021 population of traditional college graduates. In a recent random
sample of 2000 traditional college graduates, 22% said that they are emotionally attached to their alma
mater.

Find the p-value to test the hypothesis that the current percentage of traditional college graduates
who are emotionally attached to their alma mater is different from 20%.

What is your conclusion if the significance level is 5%?

According to a Gallup poll conducted in 2019, 20% of traditional college graduates (those who earned
their degree before age 25) were emotionally attached to their alma mater.

Suppose this result is true for the 2021 population of traditional college graduates. In a recent random
sample of 2000 traditional college graduates, 22% said that they are emotionally attached to their alma
mater.

Using a 5% significance level, can you conclude that the current percentage of traditional college
graduates who are emotionally attached to their alma mater is different from 20%?

100000000000000000000000000

A survey of low- and middle-income households showed that consumers aged 65 years and older had
an average credit card debt of $10,235 and consumers in the 50 to 64-year age group had an average
credit card debt of $9342 at the time of the survey. Suppose that these averages were based on random
samples of 1200 and 1400 people for the two groups, respectively. Further assume that the population
standard deviations for the two groups were $2800 and $2500, respectively. Let μ1 and μ2 be the
respective population means for the two groups, people aged 65 years and older and people in the 50 to
64 year age group.

Using the critical value approach test at the 1% significance level whether the credit card debts for the
two groups are different.

A sample of 14 cans of Brand I diet soda gave the mean number of calories of 23 per can with a standard
deviation of 3 calories. Another sample of 16 cans of Brand II diet soda gave the mean number of
calories of 25 per can with a standard deviation of 4 calories.

At the 1% significance level using the critical value approach, can you conclude that the mean number of
calories per can are different for these two brands of diet soda? Assume that the calories per can of diet
soda are normally distributed for each of the two brands and that the standard deviations for the two
populations are equal.

A sample of 40 children from New York State showed that the mean time they spend watching television
is 28.50 hours per week with a standard deviation of 4 hours. Another sample of 35 children from
California showed that the mean time spent by them watching television is 23.25 hours per week with a
standard deviation of 5 hours.

Using a 2.5% significance level, can you conclude that the mean time spent watching television by
children in New York State is greater than that for children in California? Assume that the standard
deviations for the two populations are equal.

A sample of 14 cans of Brand I diet soda gave the mean number of calories per can of 23 with a standard
deviation of 3 calories. Another sample of 16 cans of Brand II diet soda gave the mean number of
calories as 25 per can with a standard deviation of 4 calories.

Test at the 1% significance level using the critical value approach whether the mean numbers of calories
per can of diet soda are different for these two brands. Assume that the calories per can of diet soda are
normally distributed for each of these two brands and that the standard deviations for the two
populations are not equal.
1000000000.222222222222222222

A researcher wanted to find the effect of a special diet on systolic blood pressure. She selected a sample
of seven adults and put them on this dietary plan for 3 months. The following table gives the systolic
blood pressures of these seven adults before and after the completion of this plan.

Let μd be the mean reduction in the systolic blood pressure due to this special dietary plan for the
population of all adults. Using the 5% significance level, can we conclude that the mean of the paired
differences μd is different from zero? Assume that the population of paired differences is
(approximately) normally distributed.

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A bank has an ATM installed inside the bank, and it is available to its customers Monday through Friday.
The manager of the bank wanted to investigate if the percentage of transactions made on this ATM is
the same for each of the 5 days (Monday through Friday) of the week. She randomly selected one week
and counted the number of transactions made on this ATM on each of the 5 days during this week. The
information obtained is in the following table, where the number of users represents the number of
transactions on this ATM. For convenience, we will refer to these transactions as “people” or “users.”

At the 1% level of significance, can we reject the null hypothesis that the number of people who use
this ATM each of the 5 days of the week is the same?
In a Gallup poll conducted in 2019, Americans aged 18 and older were asked if upper-income people
were “paying their fair share in federal taxes, paying too much or paying too little.” Of the respondents,
61% said too little, 24% said fair share, 13% said too much, and 2% had no opinion. Assume that these
percentages hold true for the 2019 population of Americans aged 18 and older. Recently, 1000
randomly selected Americans aged 18 and older were asked the same question. The following table lists
the number of Americans in this sample who belonged to each response.

Test at a 2.5% level of significance whether the current distribution of opinions is different from that for
2019.

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Reconsider the two-way classification table given in Example 11-5. In that example, a random sample of
300 adults was selected, and they were asked if they favor giving more freedom to schoolteachers to
punish students for lack of discipline. Based on the results of the survey, a two-way classification table
was prepared and presented in Example 11-5. Does the sample provide sufficient information to test
and conclude that the two attributes, gender and opinions of adults, are dependent? Use a 1%
significance level.

A researcher wanted to study the relationship between gender and owning smart phones among adults
who have cell phones. She took a sample of 2000 adults and obtained the information given in the
following table.

At a 5% level of significance, test that gender and owning a smart phone are related/dependant for

all adults?
Haddad Food Company manufactures Cocoa Cookies. The machine that fills packages of these cookies is
set up in such a way that the average net weight of these packages is 32 ounces with a variance of .015
square ounce. From time to time the quality control inspector at the company selects a sample of a few
packages, calculates the variance of the net weights of these packages, and makes a test of hypothesis
about the population variance. She always uses α=.01.

The acceptable value of the population variance is .015 square ounce or less. If the conclusion from the
test of hypothesis is that the population variance is not within the acceptable limit, the machine is
stopped and adjusted.

A recently taken random sample of 25 packages from the production line gave a sample variance of .029
square ounce. Based on this sample information, test whether the machine needs an adjustment?
Assume that the net weights of cookies in all packages are normally distributed

It is known that the variance of GPAs (with a maximum GPA of 4) of all students at a large university was
0.24 in 2019. A professor wants to determine whether currently the variance of the GPAs of students at
this university is different from 0.24.

She took a random sample of 20 students and found that the variance of their GPAs is 0.27. Using a 5%
significance level, test that the current variance of the GPAs of students at this university is different
from 0.24? Assume that the GPAs of all current students at this university are (approximately) normally
distributed.

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15 fourth-grade students were randomly assigned to three groups to experiment with three different
methods of teaching arithmetic. At the end of the semester, the same test was given to all 15 students.
The table gives the scores of students in the three groups.
Calculate the value of the test statistic F. Assume that all the required assumptions to conduct a One-
way ANOVA hold true.

Reconsider Example 12-2 about the scores of 15 fourth-grade students who were randomly
assigned to three groups in order to experiment with three different methods of teaching
arithmetic. At the 1% significance level, can we reject the null hypothesis that the mean
arithmetic score of all fourth-grade students taught by each of these three methods is the
same? Assume that all the assumptions required to apply the one-way ANOVA procedure hold
true.