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    Systematic qualitative analysis (3)

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    Systematic Qualitative Analysis

    Uploaded by

    Mayookha

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    a ee ‘HE INDIAN HIGH SCHOOL, DUBAI o, are a (CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT. ‘SYSTEMATIC QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS PRELIMINARY TESTS Pwe ' ‘OBSERVATION INFERENCE EXPERIMENT, 7. Colour ofthe sat a ‘Brown or yellowish brown, Pink or flesh colour May pe Cu’ May be Cu or NY xa 2, Flame Test ‘Make a paste of the sait with conc. HCIin a watch glass. Dip the platinum wire in the ‘paste and introduce it into the non- luminous flame of Bunsen bumer Greenish blue ‘YAbple green Crimson red Brick read ‘TESTS FOR ANIONS Take a small amount of the salt in a test tube and add 2-3mt! of dil HzSOs to it {ay Brisk effervescence of colourless, odourless gas which turns lime water milky , (©) Colourtess ghs with rotten egg | S* present smell which tums lead acetate paper black Z falion of cone HoSO, (e colourless gas with pungent eT present To the given salt add cone. HjSO, and invitating smell which gives dense heat the contents, white furnes with a glass rod (©) violet vapours T present (© brown vapours May be NOs’ or Br present « If brown fum@s'ée there then heat the sait_| Dense brown vapours and solution tums NOs’ present with cu turing and,cone. H:SO. ue (@ colourless gas with vinegar smell 2F7,COO’ present SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF ANIONS: Preparation of lution: referred to as the Te ‘Take a small amount of the salt in a test tube'&’add 10ml of water. If the substance dissolves completely, the solution Is lution or water extract. OBSERVATION. INFERENCE EXPERIMENT COs ‘Take small amount of the salt in a test tube and add dil H»SO4 odourless gas which tums lime water milky Brisk effervescence of colouriess, 4-50; confirmed Ss 1) Take 1m of water extract inatest | Black ppt * confirmed tube and add lead acetate solution 2) To 1ml of water extract adq sodium itoRS He solution > Violet or purple colour S* confirmed Page tof 6 ¢ Scanned with CamScanner INFERENCE i Vv EXPERIMENT. OBSERVATION indy white ppt which is soluble in Cl” confirmed ke tml of water extract in atest | Cu 1 Tone and add AQNOs solution NH.OH ioride Test; Take small | Red vapours YL salt ina test tube and add Siig KscrOr and conc. H;S0. (heat if required) ass the red vapours through NaQH Yellow solution solution. ‘Add lead acetate solution to the yellow Yellow ppt ct contirmed solution er 1) To-Aml of water extract add AgNO | Pale yellow ppt. which is Br” confirmed solution Partially soluble in NH,OH 2) Layertest Orange or brown layer Br” confirmed To tm of water extract add tm! of chloroform of CCI4 and 2mi of chlorine water and shake well nM vit 1) Take 1ml of water extract in a test tube Yellow ppt insoluble in NH;OH 1 confirmed . add AgNOs solution 2 Layer Test Pink or violet layer 1 confirmed To 1ml of water extract add 1ml of chloroform: or CCl, and 2m of chlorine water and shake well v PaO 7 ¥ ae im of water extract in a test tube and Brown ring at the junction of the two | NO; confirmed add equal volume of freshly prepared FeSO, solution and a few drops of conc. H50. by the sides of the test tube. liquids ” gARCOO™ 1, To 1ml of the water extract add few drops of Feck solution. Dilute red colour solution with 3mt of water and boil the solution 2. Rub a pinch of the salt with dil H»SO, between the fingers & smell Red colour appears Reddish brown ppt. Vinegar smell CHsCOO confirmed CH;COO confirmed a2 4. Add Bach solution to 1mi of water extract 2. Take {ml of water extract in a test tube and add lead acetate solution ‘White ppl. which is insoluble in conc. HNOs and conc. HC} White ppt. which is insoluble in dit HCI but soluble in ammonium acetate solution. $0,” confirmed $0," confirmed Page 2 of 5 Scanned with CamScanner S EXPERIMENT, we ‘OBSERVATION |. Take tml of water extract in‘a test | ¢, — tube and ad cone, HNO ana nary yellaw colour or ppt, PO. confirmed ammonium molyodat ammonium molybdate and heat the : 2. Take Imi of water extract tube and add NH.OH and oie fey pt soluble in dil HCI and ait | PO,* confirmed SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF c. -ATIONS:- “The cations are detected and confirmed through i Travels the ean ed and cenfimed tvsugh a-aystemaleaahsavelng wal ests: Fo he sake of quae is based on te deronces rree esr groups by making use bf sutaberedgets (own as group reagents) | dae : ms, The following table shows the group reagents for diferent roups and tn orn in when cations of he paar group ae preipated et ‘Group Reagent Cations oan Which Cations ‘Group zero He ni Are Preciliated Supt - ine HT ca ; CHASE Group I HS in presence of dilute Hal | Cu Suiphides ip HOH in the presence of TAP" Fe" Hyco 4 NHicl cra HS inthe presence of NHLOH_| 2a", Win", NT Suiphides roup V (iit, COs inne presence of | Bs SCs Carbonates ey Group VE No. mg 1 PREPARATION OF ORIGINAL SOLUTION: The first step is fo prepare a clear and transparent Soluion ofthe sal, for This purpose the following solvents are tied one after another in a systematic order. = : in ease the salt does not dissolve in a particular solvent even on heating, try the next solvent ened “The following solvents are tried @ Distilled water (cold or hoty (i) Dilute HC! (cold or hot) Gi) Conc. HCI (cold or hot) ‘Take 2 smalt quantity of the given Satin a test tube and add some suitable solvent to it and shake. If salt does not datcive overvafter heating for sometime, take the fresh quantity ofthe salt again and treat tina similar manner with next solvent. The clear solution thus obtained is labeled as original solution (O.S)_ EXPERIMENT. ‘OBSERVATION INFERENCE Zero Group Small Tammonia gas which gives PRH" present Heat pinch ofthe salt with NaH | dense white fumes witha glass rod solution. dipped in conc. HCL {Bring moist rod limus paper near | Red itmus turns blue TAS" present the month ofthe test tube 2 To the waler extract add flessiers | Reddish brown ppt Te contimied reagent 1 group Wie ppt TF group present To Sml of original solution add dilute Het Dissolve white ppt in hot water and Givide the hot solution in 3 parts Page 3ot 5 Scanned with CamScanner ERVATION INFERENCI EXPERIMENT To the 1 part add Kz CrO. solution 2. To the 2™ part add KI solution 3. To the 3" part add dil H,SO. If 1* group is absent divide the 1° ‘group solution in 2 parts ‘Add HS water or pass H:S gas through 1" part of the solution Dissolve black ppt in 50% HNO and divide solution into 2 parts. T ‘Yellow ppt. Yellow ppt. Black ppt. PE confirmed Pb++ confirmed 2" group present 1. To the 1* part add NH,OH drop by_ drop and then in excess Light biue ppl. which dissolves in excess of NH,OH and gives deep blue colour Cur confirmed 2.To 2” part add acetic acid and Ky Fe(CN)s {f 2 group is absent add 0.5g solid NH,CI to 2™ part of 1 group solution and heat the:solution. Cool it and add NH,OH solution. ‘Chocolate brown ppt. ‘White ppt or reddish brown ppt Cut* confirmed 3" group present ‘White ppt Lake test 4. Dissolve white ppt in dil HCI ‘and add one drop of blue litmus solution to it and the NH.OH. A blue ppt (lake) floating on clear solution LLAT™ confirmed 2. Cobalt nitrate test Take white ppt on filter paper and add 1 or 2 drops of cobatt nitrate solution and bum the filter paper in flame. : Biue ash Al” confirmed Brown ppt. Dissolve brown ppt in dil HC! and ide the solution in 2 parts [14. To 1" part add Ks Fe(CN)e Solution Prussian blue colour of ppt Fe * confirmed 2.70 2 part add ammonium thio- cyanate solution If 3 group is absent divide 3° group solution into 2 parts. Blood red colour Fe** confirmed To 1™ part of the 3° group solution add | H-S water ‘White ppt or buff ppt or black ppt TWih group present ‘White ppt. Dissolve white ppt in dil HCI and divide Take small portion of buff ppt in a test tube add conc. HNO; and solid PbO2 heat the contents Purple colour the solution in 2 parts 1. To 1 part add NaoH solution | White ppt which is soluble in excess of | Zn++ confirmed NaOH. 2. To2™ part add K, Fe(CN)e White ppt or bluish white ppt. Zn+* confirmed ‘solution Buff ppt. : Dissolve buff ppt in dil HCI and add | White ppt which turns brown Mn++ confirmed rake smal por Mn++ confirmed Page 4 of 5 Scannet d with CamScanner fs PERIMENT ‘Black ppt. Dissolve black ppt in minimum amount of aqua regia (3 parts cone. HCI and 1 part conc, HNOs) Dilute the solution with water and divide it in 2 parts 1. To 1 part add NaOH solution 2. To2™ part add NH,OH and OBSERVATION INFERENCE ‘Greenish ppt Red ppt ALN confirmed Nit confirmed e TIV™ Group is absent add ammonium carbonate to 2" part of 3 group solution Dissolve white ppt in minimum amount of acetic acid and divide the solution into 3 parts To 1 part add K:CrO.solution Flame test To 2 part add (NH.)2SO, solution Flame test ‘To 3% part add (NH.)2 C20, solution Flame test ‘White ppt Yellow ppt Apple green colour White ppt. Crimson red colour V™ group present a++ confirmed Be Sane Sr++ confirmed Sr++ confirmed OR ‘add 1 oF 2 drops of cobalt nitrate solution and bum the filler paper flame White ppt. Cas+ confirmed Brick red colour Ca++ confirmed ‘White ppt Vi" group present »| m i To gos SSS oan te sides of the test tube if required) ‘Ada cobait nitrate solution to the Violet or purple ppt

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