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Preainble of the Indian constitution .
(rbe term preamble refers to the introduction to the constitution. lt
contains the essence of the constitution which is key to its spirit and
meaningJ K-~.Munshi described it as the political horoscope of the
constituti
. ·on.(!>reamble lists the basic fe~tu.:e~ an~ ph~ sophy for which
it is considered as the soul of the const:ltu.t:lo~ . } ::2--M ·
American constitution was the first to introduce the preamble. Many
countries including India followed this practice.
The preamble to the Indian constitution is based on the "Objectives of
· Resolution" drafted and moved by Pt Nehru and adopted by the
r constituent assembly. It has been amended by the 42ndConstitutional
·· Amendment Act of 1976 which added three new words Socialist, Secular
1 and integrity.
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3. Socialist:
[ Th e term socialist has been added as per the 42 nd amendment
in 1976. It means the government is constitutionally bound to
. ·b ring about socio-economic changes to ensure decent life to Indian
citizens] 2.1'4@ @ .
. Secular:
This term is also added by the42 nd Constitutional Arnendment Act
of 1976, secularism implies. ·
v G he State would have no official religion of its own.
v It would not extend special favour to any particular religion .
v The people of India are free !o accept, practice and propagate
any religion . of their choice] 2-M @
5.. Demn~T~t1,... ·
Unit 5 - Constitution of India 77
6~-.. Republic: .
( The head of the state is elected by the people directly or indirectly
for a fixed ·period. And the system is quite opposite to hereditary.
. principl9 2-N @ . · · . . . -
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Unit 5 - Constitution ·of India '79
5) ··Parliam-ntary form. of Government.
.' [indian constitution provides for a parliamentary form of government
both at t~e centre and the stat~ I President and Gov~rnors ·are
·constitutional Heads. The real executive is created by and responsible
· to legisla\u~e both at tlle centre and state] z..N(f)
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3) Fundamental rights :
{j,art III of the Indian constitution embodies six fun damental righ ts
from Article -12 to 35. They are termed as M agna carta of th e
Indian people. However _fundamental rights are not absolute b ut
are subject to the reasonable restrictions"J ,ZN(!)
7\ Directive principles of state policy:
G'hey are enumerated in the part IV of the . constitutiofi. They
can be classified into three broad categories Socialistic, Gandhian
~d Libe;al, They . promote 'the ideals of Social and Economic .
democracy] 1- M ©
9\ Single citizenship: , "
( 1ndia is a union of states and th ere iS single citizen,s h ip for everyon; ]
All Indian citizens owe allegiance to t h e state.@ itizensh ip entitles
them to equ al righ ts and freed 6m and e qu al p rotectio19 2 N@
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I PUC - Political · Scie-
/1 ii I 80
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[J.Article 352-
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/ ·· Ji National emergency .·. i
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Ii"; ·2 . Article .:- 3 56- . $tate .. emergency .
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·:·,:. =···.• J.AtHcle 360- _:_ Financial emerg~ncy]. · ·. ~ l p ~--·
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we_eq all round development. •
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thelf . . · .. .-4 •
(Art 14-.18,)-
Right to equality •
. Right to freedom (Art. 19-22)
2
3. Right against exploitation (Art. 23-24)
4. Right to freedom of Religion (Art. ~5-28) r-:2-M
·. 5. Cultural.and Educational rights (Art. 29-30) ®
6. Right to con_
s titutional ..remedies (Art. 32'0 ...
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'. ·1{(univ~r~al adult s~irrage:
·. _- _- . ,· .?lie ·Indiap.
cOnStiu:i.tiOn has made ,~ visiop. for u.niv«;::rsal a~ult
·· .5ufr1:t~e::Ci~ e1:1~ have attained the age Of 18 years are provided
. . . . ·-¥1i~.1'f; !~ e::ii~l#i tb, y~te without any discrimination of c~ste, colour,
, · ·e~"eP,j.'.}f)~:} i~G~:. of
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 II. Right to freedom
[3rt.19 guarantees six fundamental freedoms. They are:
i) Freedom of speech and expression.
ii) Fieedom to assemble peacefully and without arms.
i:r1' iii) Freedom to form associations or unions.
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'W iv) ' Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India.
.• v) Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India.
vi) Freedom to practice·· any profession or to carry on any occupation
trade or business·: , -·