Falsification 

What is falsification?
What is the importance of falsification in philosophy?
Where do we apply this falsification in our philosophy of science?

An essential question of the philosophy of science is "what is called science", and philosophy
is an integral part of science. Therefore, it's important to distinguish between science,
pseudoscience and non-science. In 1919, Eddington experiment falsified Einstein theories of
relativity and concluded with the same result as Einstein's predictions. Karl Popper, a famous
philosopher of science, noted this experiment and used it as a good theory model, named
falsification. 

Falsification draws a line between science and non-science (also pseudoscience). Suppose a
theory withstand all the possible empirical observation; in that case, a non-scientific theory
juxtaposed if a theory does not withstand the possible empirical observation, is a scientific
theory. It also says that scientific theories take the deduction model to conclude, as we know
the theory's starting point is a problem followed by observations and experiments. Popper
substituted falsifiability in place of the inductive approach as a characteristic method for
scientific inference. From the falsification point of view, a genuine counter instance or
argument can falsify a universal law of nature. Hence, Popper said that a single
counterargument is not the correct methodology to falsify a universal theory. 

The “Logic of Scientific Discovery”  added a technical concept as a “basic statement” for

falsification. In empirical falsification, basic statements are premises that must be singular
and existential also must be inter-subjective testable. The highly informative theory is
considered a good theory because of testability; improbable is more scientific and closer to
the truth. At the same time, the background knowledge of the theory is worth questioning
when the need arises. 

In general, we consider the best available theory to be a good theory until any competitive
theory comes into the picture—for example, atomic model theory. J.J. Thomson's plum
pudding model was used widely before Rutherford's gold foil experiment. Results of the
experiment falsify the Thomson theory and new speculative theory on the atomic model
introduced named Rutherford atomic model. Science evolves from mistakes.