UNIT 8: MODAL VERB

I. Ability: can, could & be able to

A. Can and can’t
1. She can’t play the violin
2. He can climb trees
3. She can juggle
4. They can’t lift the weights
B. Can and be able to
1. I can walk
2. I can go
3. To be able to get
4. Been able to do
C. Could and was/ were able to
1. C
2. A
D. Could and was/ were able to
1. Was able to
2. Could
3. Was able to
4. Were able to
5. Wasn’t able to
II. Permission: can, may, could & be allowed to
A. Asking permission
1. Can I borrow your calculator?
2. May I join with you?
3. Could i look at your notes?
B. Giving and refusing permission
1. You can have a picnic
2. You can’t drop letter
3. You can turn left
4. You can’t play football
5. You can’t smoke
C. Be allowed to
1. I wasn’t allowed to have 2. We are allowed to have
3. We are allowed to do
4. We are allowed to hold
D. May i…? or Am I allowed to…?
1. Am I allowed to
2. May I
3. Am I allowed to
4. Am I allowed to
5. May I
III. Possibility and certainty: may, might, could,
must
A. Might be and might be doing
1. She might be
2. May be
3. She might be sitting
4. She may be having
5. You might find
6. She might know
B. May and might
1. Daniel might win
2. I may have a holiday
3. We may get an invitation
4. Sarah may be late
5. My friends may be inviting me
C. Mightn’t and couldn’t
1. Mightn’t
2. Mightn’t
3. Couldn’t
4. Couldn’t
5. Mightn’t
D. Must, can’t and might
1. Can’t
2. Must
3. Must
4. Can’t
5. Might
6. Must
IV. Necessity: must and have to
A. Have to
1. I had to pay/ did you have to pay?
2. You have to slam, you will have to fix
3. Do you have to take, I’ll have to take
4. We had to move, we didn’t have to look, we’ve had
to do
5. Has to start, does he have to get
B. Must and have to
1. Must get to work on time
2. Has to keep his dog under control
3. You must listen carefully
4. Visitors have to report to the security officer
C. Must or have to
1. Must
2. Has to
3. Have to
4. Must
5. Have to
6. Must
7. Must

V. Necessity: mustn’t, needn’t, etc

A. Must, mustn’t or needn’t

1. Must, mustn’t, needn’t
2. Mustn’t, must
3. Mustn’t, needn’t
4. Mustn’t, must, needn’t
B. Don’t have to
1. Didn’t have to wait ages to cross the road
2. Don’t have to work long hours
3. Doesn’t have to work in a factory
4. Didn’t have to lock their doors
5. Don’t have to wash their clothes by hand

C. Didn’t need to or needn’t have?

1. We didn’t need to borrow any money

2. I needn’t have bother
3. We didn’t need to have so early
4. I didn’t need to pay to go in
5. You needn’t have tipped the waiter
VI. Should, ought to, had better and be supposed to
A. Should and ought to
1. Shouldn’t
2. Ought
3. Should
4. Shouldn’t
5. Should
6. Ought not
B. Had better
1. We’d better wait for Rachel
2. You’d better lock it
3. You’d better tidy my room
4. You’d better not to go too fast
5. We’d better do some revision
C. Be supposed to
1. I’m supposed to take two before meals
2. They are supposed to report to the police
3. You are supposed to stand in a queue
4. They aren’t supposed to watch it
D. Should, ought to, had better and be supposed to
1. We should hurry
2. We’d better not be
3. Should arrive
4. You shouldn’t take
5. We aren’t supposed to get
VII. Asking people to do things
A. Asking people to do things
1. Can I have a fork, please?
2. Could I have a towel, please?
3. Would you mind answering the phone?
B. Asking people to do things
1. Must
2. Have
3. Like
4. Want
5. Can
6. Would
7. Wonder
8. Could
C. Asking people to do things
1. Can I have a receipt, please?
2. Could you tell me the time, please?
3. Can you help me, please?
4. Could you give me a bag, please?
5. Would you mind cleaning a space on the table,
please?
6. Could I speak to the manager, please?
VIII. Suggestions, offers and invitations
A. Suggestions, offers and invitations
1. Shall we stop for a minute?
2. Would you like a game?
3. I’ll post that letter for you
B. Suggestions and offers
1. Shall
2. Shall
3. Could
4. Would
5. Will
6. Would
C. Suggestions, offers and invitations
1. Would you like a cup of tea?
2. What can I say in my letter?
3. Let’s have a cup of coffee.
4. Can I walk home with you?
5. Would you like to visit me on weekend?
IX.
Will, would, shall and should
A. Will and would 1. Will
2. Won’t
3. Would
4. Will
5. Would
6. Wouldn’t
7. Would
B. Some other uses of will and would
1. Will help
2. Wouldn’t let
3. Will give
4. Won’t go
5. Would like
6. Wouldn’t open
7. Won’t stand
C. Will, would, shall and should
1. Shall we go to the swimming pool?
2. I won’t take any risks
3. I would like a shower
4. You shouldn’t decide in a hurry
5. I think the word will end in the year 3000
X. It may/ could/ must have been
A. It may/ could/ must have been
1. B
2. A
3. B
B. Should and ought to
1. They shouldn’t have left litter everywhere
2. She should say hello to people
3. He shouldn’t have been late for the interview
4. She should have looked
C. It may/ could/ must have been
1. He shouldn’t have left
2. Might have taken
3. You must have been 4. He can’t have ring
D. It may/ could/ must have been
1. Someone must have posted it
2. She may not have heard the alarm
3. He shouldn’t have driven at 100 miles an hour
4. He can’t have failed the exam