MOT so VAN ot Li LOAN vt HOAT DONG TU VAN HOC TAP
CHO SINH VIEN CUA CO VAN HOC
•
iAP
•
·u CAC TRUONG DAi• HOC•
T hl!C techo thay, trong cac trl!O'ng d9i hQC (DH)
hi$n nay, co van hQc t$p (CVHT) con lung tung
khi trq giup sinh vien (SV) trong qua trinh hQc
t$p. MQt so CVHT chl!a n~m vling chLJang trinh va
quy che dao t9o, chua hieu r6 chvc nang, nhi$m vt,J
can lam Va chlla n~m VCing d~C diem Va tien dQ hQC
t$p cua SV ... 8e ho9t dc)ng cua CVHT d9t hi$u qua,
can c6 nhling quy dinh c6 tinh phap che cua BQ GD·
BT, cua trl!O'ng ve chvc nang, nhi$m Vl,J cua CVHT
mQt each r6 rang; CO ChlJO'ng trinh t$p huan Ve thl/C
hi$n chvc nang CVHT nh&m dem l9i hi$u qua cao
trong ho9t dc)ng CVHT cho SV.
Xuat phattCr nhting Ii do tren, vi$c nghien cw ho9t
dc)ng tu van hQc t$p (TVHT) cho- SV cua CVHT
cua cac trl!O'ng 8H la vi$c lam c6 y nghia Ii lu$n va
thllc ti§n.
. 1. Tam quan tr9ng cua ho~t dQng TVHT cho
SV cua CVHT acac tnrang E>H
Phuang thuc dao t9o theo tin chi (TC) doi hoi sv
phaitich clfc, chu dc)ng. Song song v6ivi$ctrao quyen
chu dc)ng cho sv, hQc che tin chi (HCTC) cOng doi
hoi sv mc)tslf chu dc)ng va tl/trach nhi$m, tl/ytht.'.rc lay
vi$c hQC cua ban than minh. flay cOng chinh la diem
ma nhieu rat nhieu SV Viet Nam con thieu, nhieu SV
to ra bi dc)ng va kh6ng hi~u r6 dLJO'ng huci'ng h9c t$p
ren luy$n trong nhCing nam hQc DH. Ct!den dqtdang
ki mon hQc, nhieu sv chi biet dang ki theo bc;in be
ho~c chu quan trong qua trinh dang ki nen ke ho9ch
hQC t$p kh6ng kha thi. Vci'i mo hinh TC, lci'p hQC bi pha
vfJ, SV kh6ng c6 Sl/ g~n b6 vci'i nhau trong hQc t$p vi
phai theo h9c qua nhieu lci'p h9c khac nhau. B9n be it
quen biet cOng la m9t nguyen nhan quan tr9ng lam
nhieu sv khOng hvng thu khi ngoitrong giang duO'ng.
Vi~c luqng h6a m9t khoi luqng kien thuc khong lo tu
chvang trinh dao t90 nien kh6a sang HCTC kh6tranh
khoi nhting thieu sot, sai lam cOng g6p phan d~n den
kh6 khan ChO Vi$c hQC CUa SV Va Cong tac giang d9Y
Cua giang Vien; SV g~p nhieu kh6 khan khi dang ki
mon hQC Vi m9ng thllctng xuyen bj qua tai nen cac
em kh6 dang nh$p vao h$ thong; kh6 khan trong vi$c
(ki2-9/2013)
ThS. NGUYEN TH! UT SAU*
tim tai li$u pht,Jc vt,J cho qua trinh tl/ hQc ... TCt nhCing Ii
do d6, nhat thiet phai c6 dQi ngO CVHT trq giup SV
trong qua trinh hQc t$p.
f)a c6 rat nhieu cac nghien cvu va cac bai bao ve
CVHT va ho9t d(>ng cua CVHT dua ra cac quan ni$m
veCVHT. Chung t6i quan ni$m: CVHT/il nguOiquan
If va TVHT cho SV nh&m nang cao hi~u qua, chat
lu9ng dao t?o theo HCTC d'cac trud'ngfJH. NhLJv$y,
CVHT c6 2 chLrc nang ca ban: quan Ii SV (giong nhv
cong tac giao vien chu nhi$m trong phuang thLrc dao
t9o theo nien che) va TVHT cho SV. Theo chung t6i:
TVHTcho SV ta ho?td<?ng ciia CVHT nhjm trQ'giup
SV, trong do CVHTtrao d6/th6ng tin ae'cung cap gi8.i
phap nh&m giup svphat huy to/ aa kh8. nang hf?c t?p,
/lfa ch9n tien dQ Va phUO'ng phap h9C t?,p phu hQ'p rJe'
tfch ltly duh? th6ng m6n hqc theo trlnh fl/ quy djnh
ciia chtJO'ng trinh dao t?o nh&m d?t dtJQ'c van b&ng
m<?tcach totnh!Jt.
2. NQi dung TVHT cho SV cua CVHT cac a
truang E>H ·
TVHT la van de rat phuc t9p, bao gem nhieu nc)i
dung v6i cac d9ng ho9t d(>ng va hinh thLrc khac nhau.
Chung t6i t$p trung phan tich 4 nc)i dung ma giang
vien can tu van cho sv d6 la:
I
1) TL!van cho sv ve' vi~c xay dL{ng ke'hO?Ch
hflC t~p. Xay dlfng ke ho9ch hQC t$p la xay dlfng m(>t
thO'i gian bieu Cl,l the, hqp Ii de d9t dLtqc mQt ket qua
hQc t$p hi$u qua trong m<?t khoang thO'i gian nhat
djnh . Moi nguai tuy thUQC vao nhu cau va dieu ki$n
cua ban than, se 1$p mQt ke ho9ch hQC t$p rieng, ke
ho9ch d6 c6 the thay doi nhung dieu quan tr9ng la
phai tuan thu ke ho9ch da de ra. Vi$c xay dl/ng ke
ho9ch hQc t$p hqp Ii se giup sv chu dc)ng thO'i gian
cua ban than va slid1,mg quythO'i gian trong ngay mQt
each c6 hi$u qua; phat huy tu duy sang t90 va chu
d(>ng trong mQi tinh the. Khi tu van cho SV, CVHT
can ch.Ii tr9ng vao cac nc)i dung Cl,l the sau: • Giai
dO?n aang kf khOJ /llQ'ng hQC t?,p: can tl! van cho SV
*Truong D~i hQC SU' ph~m. D~i hQC Thai Nguyen .
T~p chi Giao dye so 318 j _17
 tim hieu chLtO'ng trlnh dao tq.o HCTC cua nha trLtong;
cac m6n hQc se dang ki; dang ki khoi llfQ'ng so TC;
dang ki cac m6n ti! ChQn; l!fa ChQn giang Vien giang
dq.y; dang ki bo sung; rut bOt hQC phan; dang ki hQC
Cai thi$n; dang ki mon hQC tren mq.ng tnfc tuyen CUa
nha trvong; each khai thac cht.'rc nang cua phan mem
dang ki hQC lnfC tuyen; - Qua fr/nh hQC t?p can tll van
cho SV nhung n<?i dung sau: xac djnh mvc tieu cho
ban than; 1$p kehoq.ch thlfc hi$n mvc tieu; c$p nh$t
nh(i'ng mon hQC da dang ki Va thO'i gian den lap; phan
bothoi gian cho tung dq.ng hoq.td¢ng (hQc t$p, phor,g
trao t~p the, vui cho'i. .. ); tvng m6n h9c; danh gia ket
qua dq.t dU'Q'C , bo sung, SVa doi, dieu Chlnh ke hoq.ch
(xac djnh Ii do dieu chlnh va nqi dung can dieu chinh,
each tht.'rc dieu chinh);- Thd'igian !hi, kiem Ira can tv
van cho sv nh(i'ng nqi dung sau: c$p nh$t cac m6n
phai kiem tra, thi; xac djnh khoi lvqng bai h9c; s~p xep
cac mon theo th Lr tlf Va khoi IVQ'ng bai hQC CUa m6n
kiem tra, thi; giam tai nhVng c6ng vi$c kh6ng can thiet
de tang CVOOQ thOi gian cho cac mon can hQC dekiem
tra va thi.
2) Tu van cho SV ve'phuung phap hqc theo
HCTC. Khi chuyen doi sang phLtong tht.'rc dao tq.o
theo HCTC SV g~p rat nhieu kh6 khan: kh6ng n~m
• duqc ljch hQc, ljch thi; kh6ng quen v6i phlfO'ng phap
dq.y hQC tich ClfC h6a hoq.t dqng nh~n thlrC Cua nglfO'i
h9c; khong quen v6i vi$c m<?t mon c6 nhieu bai kiem
tra; khong quen v6i vi$c tlf h9c, tl.Jnghien cU'u ... Chinh
dieu nay da anh hvang den chat luqng hQC t~p DH. a phat trien nghe nghi$p ... Trong do llfa ch9n nghe
TLJ'thlfc te tren, m<?t trong nhvng nhi$m vv quan tr9ng
cua CVHT latLtvan phvong phclp hQct~p theo HCTC
cho SV. Co rat nhieu nqidung can tvvan, nhlfng theo
chung t6i, CVHT can t~p trung &nhting nc)idung sau:
tlm hieu chLJO'ng trlnh dao tq.o HCTC cua nha trlfong;
c~p nh~t thong tin h9c t~p tren mq.ng trlfc tuyen; xac
djnh ml.Jc dich va dqng ca h9c t~p; thay d6i phvong
phcip h9c t~p truyen thong; hlnh thanh phLtang phap
h9c t~p tich clfc (tham gia xay dl!flg bai, phat bieu y
kien ho~c tham gia tranh lu~n trong nhom, lien h$
kien thltC dLJQ'C hQC v6i thl/C te, tJm each ap dt,mg kien
tht.'rc vao thlfc te); hinh thanh ki nang (KN) hQc t~p can
thiet: KN d9c, l9c th6ng tin, tra cU'u thong tin, KN lam
vi$c nh6m, thuyettrinh ... ); d~tcau hoi va tra IO'i cau hoi
lien quan den bai h9c; nh~n thU'c dvqc nhi$m Vl.J tl!
hQc; hinh thanh KN tlf h9c, tlf nghien cU'u: KN tim tai
li$u, thu th~p tai li$u theo yeu cau; KN ghi chep, tom
t~t tai li$u; KN trlnh bay van de tru6c t~p the; KN tlf
kiem tra, tljdanh gia ... ; t~p trung cao dq trong h9c t~p;
tuan thu cac bLJ6C hQC t~p: hQC trl16c khi den lap, hQC
1s I Tt;1p chi Giao dye so 318
tren l&p, hQc sau khi ra khoi l&p; nang cao nang llfc tri
tu$ d~C bi~t nang llfC tll duy, nang llfC sang tq.o; nghi
ngO'i hqp Ii; tham gia cac phong trao t~p the; t.'rng dt,Jng
ban do tu duy va U'ng dt,Jng cong ngh~ thong tin trong
hQC t~p.
3) Tu van cho SV ve' ho9t d9ng nghien ctiu
khoa hqc (NCKH). Song hanh v&i hoq.t d¢ng h9c
t~p la hoq.t dqng NCKH cua SV. NCKH trong SV c6
ynghia VO cung to l&n, giup sv tiep nh$n v&i each
h9c m&iva t$p lam quen v&i hoq.t dqng NCKH. Tuy
nhien, NCKH la dq.ng hoq.t d¢ng kh6 khan doi hoi slf
n6 llfc, St/ nghiem tuc va chuyen can cua sv. Khi
tham gia NCKH, SV se g~p rat nhieu kh6 khan nhLt:
ch9n van de nghien cvu, ch9n giang vien hu6ng
d~n, nhling yeu cau cua mqt c6ng trinh NCKH ...
Giang vien - CVHT se la nguO'i tu van, djnh hLtO'ng
cho cac em nhting nqi dung do. Cho nen, khitlfvan,
giang vien nen t~p trung vao nhling nc)i dung ca ba1
sau: tieu chi de nha trvang llfa ch9n sv NcKH; quyen
lqi va trach nhi$m cua SV khi tham gia NCKH; cac
bvO'c NCKH; llfa ch9n van de nghien cvu; llfa ch9n
I
giang vien hv&ng d~n; giai quyet nhling kh6 khan
khi th am gia NCKH ; cac bLtO'c NCKH; tra cLru tai li$u_
lien quan de tai; cac bLt&c nghi$m thu de tai; tham
I
'I
gia giai thLtang sang tq.o tre, tai nang NCKH sv .
4) Tu van hucfng nghi~p va vi~c lam cho SV. 1I
I
HLt&ng nghi$p dltQ'C hieu la Slf ket hQ'p cua nhieu ffnh
vt.fc nhv: danh gia nghe nghi$p, quan Ii nghe nghi$p, l
r
nghi$p chi la m<?t giai doq.n dau trong tien trinh hLtO'ng
nghi$p cua moi ngLtoi. Vi v~y c6 the thay r~ng, vi$c
djnh hv&ng nghe nghi$p cho SV la m<?t qua trinh
lien tL,JC Va keo dai Cho den nhling nam CUOi cung
I
cua b~c £) H: sau khi da llfa ch9n nganh nghe &trvang
£)HI sv nam th Lr nhat can dVQ'C tiep tyc hLtO'ng dan
nhVng KN can thiet nhlf lam the nao co thehoa nh~p
moi trvang DH, lam the naode co m<?t phuang phap
hQC 8H hi$u qua. Khi tlf van hLtO'ng nghi$p cho sv I
a
giang vien can t~p trung nhling nqi dung ca ban
sau: phLtong phap hqc t~p . n<?i dung, d~c diem
cua nganh, nghe va trinh dQ dlfQ'C dao tq.o; cac van
deve chlnh sach, phap lu$tcua Nha nuO'c lien quan
den nganh, nghe dLtQ'c dao t~o; ca h<?i tim vi$c lam
sau khi tot nghi$p; bo sung kien th Ve thtJC te Va CaC
KN can thiet de hoa nh$p vO'i moi trLtong lam vi$c
sau khi tot nghi$p ; cac kenh thong tin ve vi$c lam;
mot so KN khi tim viec nhu: each viet ho sa va dan
xi~ vi$c, cac KN ca~ thiet khi dt.! phong van, giao
tiep v6'i ngvai tuyen dvng; hqc van b~ng 2 (dqng
(ki2-9/2013)
CC1 hQC t~p van b~ng 2; dieu ki$n de dllqC hQC van
b~ng 2; yeu cgu khi tham gia hqc t~p; nhvng kh6
khan khi tham gia hQC van b~ng 2) ...
3. f)e ho9t d<)ng tll van cua CVHT d9t hi$u qua,
c6ng tac CVHT va tllvan cho SV phai dung luc, kip
thO'i phu hqp v6'i doi tvqng va nh6m doi tllqng , dong
thoi phai da d9ng va linh ho9tve thoi gian, dja diem,
hinh thLrc nh~m giup giai quyet ngay nhvng kh6 khan
trong hQc t~p va d&i song. f)ong thcl'i d<)i ngu CVHT
phai dap Lrng nhvng yeu cau ve kien thLrc chuyen
m6n, am hieu nhvng rinh vlfc lien quan den hqc t$p,:
chl1C1ng trinh dao t90 cua khoa!bQ m6n (cau true
ChLWng trinh, danh mL;JC Va nQi dung cac mon hQC,
. de wong chi tiet cac mon hqc ... ), dinh hv6'ng dau
ra, yeu cau cua nha tuyen dt,mg; cac hinh thLrc ve
yeu cau kiem tra, danh gia, lam tieu lu~n. de tai,
kh6a lu~n ... cac quy djnh, quy trinh khac nhau lien
quan den hqc t~p . thL!c t$p thL!c te... phllong phap
nghien clru va hqc t$p, phllO'ng phap tL!hQC, IL! nghien
cU'u ... tai li$u, tai nguyen hqc t$p, thll vi$n, t9P chi
chuyen nganh, cac kh6a hqc ngo9i kh6a, ngo9i ngv,
tin hqc, cac kh6a hqc KN mem ... Ben c9nh d6, CVHT
can CO kien thtJC hieu biet Ve CaC rinh Vl/C lien quan
den doi song SV: cac phong ban, trung tam (trong
¥a ngoai trl!O'ng) de gi6'i thi$u sv den lien h$ khi can
!hie!}, cac chinh sach, hQC b6ng, che de), cac trung
tam gi6'i thi$u vi$c lam, hi$p h9i nghe nghi$p g6p
phan giai quyet nhvng kh6 khan trong dO'i song cua
SV. f)ong thd'i CVHT phai c6 KN giao tiep tot, kheo
leo, nhanh nh~n. ho9t bat, c6 kha nang phan doan,
phan tich, n~m b~t van de nhanh, biet l~ng nghe y
kien sv ... giup sv phan nao nhling th~c m~c. mau
thuan trong CUQC song. Ngoai ra, ph~m chat d90
dLl'c tot cung la mc?t yeu cau quan trqng doi v6'i dqi
ngu CVHT: nhi$t tlnh, het long v6'i sv, quan tam
den lqi ich cua SV, c6 tinh than trach nhi$m va ki lu~t
cao, gili dung ljch h~n v6'i SV, biet gili gin nhling bi
m~trieng tll cua SV, lu6n gilitll each cua nglld'i giang
vien, w xudung mlfc, phu hqp, lam gllong cho SV ,
phai c6ng b&ng va khach quan. Cl
Tai Ii~u tham khao
I. Tran Thi Minh Due (chii trl). Bao cao de tai: "Xay
di.mg mo hlnh ho?t d<)ng ciia co van h<;>c t~p trong dao
t?o tin chi atn.rong d?i hQc Vii;t Nam". Ha N<)i, 2012.
2. B<) GD-DT. Quy che 43/2007/QD-BGDDT.
3. Nguyen Van Van. Bao cao m<)t so n<)i dung ve
Cong tac CO van hQC t~p trong dao t?O theo tin chi.
H¢i nghi ban ve mo hlnh ho?t d¢ng ciia co van hoc
t~p . Tn.rcmg D?i hoc Lu~t. 2010.
(ki 2 - 9 I 2013)
SUMMARY
The article contents not only analysed the impor-
tance of educational consultancy activities carried out
by educational consultants at Universities but also
gave students the clear definition of the terms in -
cluding ~educational consultant" and "educational
consultancy activity". Simultaneously. the article fo-
cused on some basic content which educational con-
sultants should provide for students. To be specific.
they guided their students how to build their own
learning plans for the whole school year as well as
register for the subjects. Along with this, they also
showed s tudents the way to form the suitable learn-
ing methods under credit-based system and gave
them advice about scientiJJc research activities and
professional orientation. ·
Hay d~g cong c~ kiem tra, danh gia...
(Tiep theo trang 24)
than tL! giac trong qua trinh hqc t~p. Vi$c KT, 8G
giup cac nha quan Ii, cac CO' s& dao t90 £)G dllqc
chat ILtqng dao t9o, co the theo d6i 8G qua trinh
giang d9y cua GV va hQc t$p cua SV, can cvvao do
ma b6 sung, phat trien nqi d·ung chLtong trlnh dao
t90 dong thd'i la dieu ki$n tot trong vi$c phoi hqp gilia
gia dlnh va nha trllO'ng . Cl
Tai Ii~u tham khao
I. Tran Khanh Due. Ghio dl}c va phat trien nguon
nhan ll}'c trong the ki XXI. NXB Giao di'c Vi~t Nam,
H.2010.
2. D~ng Thanh Hung. D~y hQc hi~n d~i • Li lu~n,
hi~n phap, ki thu~t. NXB D9i h9c quoc gia, H. 2002.
3. D~ng Va Ho?t - Ha Thi Due. Li lu{in d~y hQc d~i
hQc. NXB Dr,zi h9C su ph~un, H. 2004.
4. Lecner I. Ia. D~y hQc neu van de. NXB Giao d{lc,
H. 1977.
SUMMARY
Test evaluation is an important part of the teach-
ing process. have a great role in improving the qual-
ity and effectiveness of training. Renewal oftest and
evaluation is becoming an urgent demand in the cur-
rent period. if the wrong test will lead to wrongjudg-
ment about the quality of training, examination and
assessment for learn ers Correct drunk love ofleam-
ing actively contribute to improving the overall qual-
ity of education to meet the high-quality human re-
sources. So. along with innovative teaching methods
as problem-solving approach, the paper introduced
the process of developing a tool to test, evaluate ap-
propriate teaching approach to resolve to contribute
to improving effective teaching.
T~p chi Giao dye so 318 j 19