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    8 views32 pages

    673 B8 DA6 F15 E48 A4 P08 NS9 DG

    Uploaded by

    vicent marquez

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    FUNCTIONS The machine directly converts Fahrenheit measure into Kelvin measure. is “a relation in which ex In this chapt orresponds to exactly one using functions, evaluate nction, and graph inverse functions, logether with the corresponding applications to be discussed in this chopter. incluge Lessons resentation of Function Evaivation of Functions Operations on Functions inverse Functions 1 VIII Starting Pott The list and the set of ordered pairs below cherw the samme relation Each letter i poised with « number z4> ER Kor 1G, 4), (L, 5), (O, 6), CY, 8), OB, 3). OM, OMA, DF, . ‘The domain is (I, L, O, V,E, M.A, T, H) and the range is (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8]. Mote that for each letter there corresponds exactly one number. This is » special kind of relation called function. “a ain {I, L, O, V, E, M. This relation is a function, since each element in the domain { DAT lement 4 is assigned i hough the range el a is assi e element in the range, Even though the ic fs Ree casan land H, it is still a function since each element of the domain i element , i f the range. assigned to only one element o! : ; On the other hand, relations H and I below are not functions. In bee mn Dumber 2 is assigned to two letters, C and A. In relation I, 3 is assigned to two letters, F an E, and is assigned to two letters, B and A, Relation H Relation | Domain Range Domain Range 4 G 4 1 3 EB 3 i 5 fc 8 U 2 SSE 2 B 2 A 5 A LS K E In Entry Card item No, 1 than one value in the range; 1 each element in the domain, (1, 2, 3, 4} to 10; and » is assigned to no More is assigned only to 2; 2 is assigned only to 5; 3 is assigned only 4 is assigned only to 17, Therefore, it is a function. In Entry Card item No. 2, each in put value matches telationship is a function. The domain is to only one output value. So, this (1, 2, 3} and the range is {2, 4, 6}. Input: 1 2 3 ey Output: 2 4 6 Tf'we are given a set of ordered Pairs, we can easily determine whether lation is a function or not by simply looking if each first element j Fa aaa following sim ‘ement is used on} istics of a function will help us decide when Sets of numbers are given. ust be matched with 2. Some elements in Y may not : ‘Xactly one element j Y. a be matched with any e} tin X. Bane 3. Two or more elements in X may be matched with the same element in Y, The functi on in Entry Card item No, ~ function in Entry 1 was 3. Graph 4. Rule or correspondence tae fixoxetl, x=1,2,3,4 + Notice that the set of ordered pairs of numbers, the mapping diagram, the table of values, and the graph clearly show that each ¢ value of y is obtained by adding | to the square ais of x. Hence, this is the rule or correspondence, expressed in words for the said relation. 5. Equation: The rule or correspondence can be described by the equation y =x? + 1. You have seen that not every set of ordered pairs defines a function. Similarly, not all equations with the variables x and y define a function. If an equation is solved for y and more than one value of y can be obtained for a particular value of x, then the equation does not define yasa function of x. In Entry Card item No. 3, when the equation is solved for y, we have. . x+y'—4=0 Write the original equation. wt+ya4 Add 4 to both sides. =4-x Subtract x? from both sides. y=t@-x) Apply the square root method. The symbol + in the last equation shows that for all values of x between ~2 and 2, there are two values of y. For example, if x = 1, then y= +4/(4— 1°) =+ V3. Hence, the equation does not define y as a function of x. Note: When finding the domain and range of a function involving: 1. A radical with an even index: Radicand must be non-negative. Hence, the radicand must be greater than or equal to zero. 2. A fraction: Denominator must not be equal to zero. Not every graph in the x-y plane represents a function, The vertical line testis the imples ry of deteuniniga whether ot not «graph repreaeaia oy : eacey eget et Using the Vertical Line Test in Entry Card item Ni y lo. 4, we have. - - Thus, y is a function of x- x Likewise, using the Vertical Line Test in Entry Card item No. 5, we have. . . Thus, y is not a function of x. Two values of y correspond to an x X-value. / ee tee ve eee ee Your Business Math teacher wants your class o run a T-Shirt Printing Busi i rinting Business and ; has agreed to provide uo P50 000.0 of his own money fo elp the class started. Bee teat fe prolobily of tr bali fd We Capea Lacy tee cost to produce the printed shirs and how many can the class expect to sell fora given price. The class has identified the following costs: % i Heat machine eT P24 480.00 ‘T-shirts in bulk or A=-x? + 30x Commutative Property i are. Write this equation in the vertex form by completing the sau (x? — 30x + 225) + 225 (x - 15)°+ 225 ‘We know that the graph of the function is a parabola that opens downward and with vertex (the highest point) at (15, 225). The absolute maximum of the function is 225. Therefore, the ‘maximum area is 225 square meters. Since x = 15 (the width) and 30 x = 15 (the length), the dimension that gives the maximum area is 15 meters by 15 meters. The equation y=0.4x? ~ 36x + 1.000 i models the number of car accidents, , per 50 million kilometers driven, as a function | of a drivers age, x, in years, where 18 < x < 70. Find the coordinates of the vertex and { describe what this represents in practical terms. ROR this indicate that 45-year-olds have the least number of car accidents, 190 per 50 million kilometers driven, Also, since the vertex is the minimum point, drivers both older and younger than 45 have more than 190 accidents per 50 million kilometers driven. 2. Constant Function and Identity Function Pr rela) Thus, fix) =b. i function fis an identity function if f(x) = mx +b, wh Tell whether the function described in each of the following is a linear function, a constant function, an identity function, or none of these. Give a reason for your answer. a. f(x)=7-4x b. h(x) =-2 c, f(x) =3x-2 e. Linear fimnction. It takes the form f(x) = mx + b. a b. Constant function. The range is the set {2}. c._Linear function. It takes the form f(x) = mx + b. d. Linear function, It takes the form f(x) = mx +b where m0. e. Identity function. The first and second numbers are identical. air £ Constant function. The graph is the function described by f(x) =2. 3. Absolute Value Function Fe The front side of a playpen is modeled by the function + y=7-2.8)x-2.5} where the x-axis represents the ground and both x and y are measured in feet, Graph the function, Make table of values for x and y. Plot the points on the x-y plane, The graph of the function is shown on the right. The vertex is (2.5, 7) and opens downward, Note: Domain; 0 2, the values of 2x ~4 are positive; and for x = 0, f(x) = 0. Thus, the function could be written as a compound function as follows. _{-Ox-4), if x<2 MO") ox-4, if x>2 ‘To graph, assign values for x as what we do when we graph linear equations. The graph is shown on the right, 4. Piecewise Function In the previous discussions of this lesson, a single equation represented each function, In many real-life problems, functions may be represented by a combination of equations. Such functions are called compound functions, For example, the compound function given by 2x -2, if xs4 mya fe-2 if x>1 is defined by two equations. One equation gives the value of fx) when x is less than or equal to 1, and the other equation gives the value of f(x) when x is greater than 1. The following are examples of piecewise functions. 2, if x>-4 Baas) tee if x<-4 ‘Sketch the graph of the given piecewise function. What is (4)? What is (2)? x+2, if x20 _{ x+1, if x<1 +2, if x<0 b= TD | “x, if x<2 by ie if x>2 A the graph is a line that has a slope Sa ia Use the horizontal line test to answer each. (not one-to-one function) (one-to-one function) The horizontal line intersects Any horizontal line intersects the graph at exactly one point. the graph at two points. The table relates a school, x, to the number of delegates in the Palarong Pampalakasan, y, in the year 2014. Does this [pase 1 ea | relation define a one-to-one function? 1, x, to the number of delegates, y, does not define a one-to-one : The table relating a school of f, there are two values x in the domain, | function because for the value 10 in the range | namely ABC and UPB. E To find the value of ©. 7 when m is 15: I Substitute 15 in place of n in to get n+7 A543 29 i LSA ee ee ee ee Meet best friends Emily and Anton. They have formed a partnership. Anton, being” the creative one, makes costume jewelry. Emily, being business-minded, markets the jewelry Anton makes. Ina recent month, they spent P’1 000.00 on raw materials to make 50 pieces of jewelry and sold each for 25.00, Assuming that they are not required to Pay a sales tax, their net profit depends on the number of pieces of jewelry sold. 1. The problem includes three constants: the fixed cost of raw materials (1 000.00), the selling price for each piece (25.00), and the total number of jewelry pieces made (50) Let us use n to represent the number of pieces of costume jewelry sold and P for the net profit in pesos. a. What should be the greatest value of n? The greatest value of P? b. What should be the least value of n? e ee The least value of P? os aut 25 375 3. Some of the data for selling the costume 30 =250 jewelry are shown in the table on the right. 45, 125 4. A function machine that clearly shows the input, the process, and the output after selling the costume jewelry is given as follows. » Use the function machine to write an equation that shows algebraically how to compute the net profit given the number of pieces of "jewelry sold. P= 5 ‘ Ifthere are 40 pieces of jewelry sold, how much should be the profit? ana) If fx) © x + 8, evaluate each, a, fd) b. M2) @ flex) d. fix #3) RTI OTT a, Replacing x with 4, we have ¢, Replacing x with -x, we have fd) 448 or 12 fox) =x +8 b. Replacing x with -2, we have d, Replacing x with x + 3, we have f[-2) = 2+ 8 or 6 fx +3)ex +348 orx +11 x42, ifx<0 and 5x+2, ifx 20, find: a. f(-4) b, £3) a. To find f(- 4), we let x =~4. Since ~ 4 is less than 0, we use the first line of the function, Thus, If aw-{ fl) =? +2 = (4 +2= 18 b. To find ((3), we let x = 3. Since 3 is greater than 0, we use the second line of the function. Thus, ; ’ fx) = 5x +2 =5(3)+2=17 ‘The price function p(x) = 640 ~ 0.2(x) represents the price for which you can printed T-shirts in Example 1 of Lesson 1.1. What must be the price of the shirt for the first 3 entries in the table? ‘ means we have to find (500), AIO, and ph) 300) Thi pe wy For (500) Por pA! E i 45 ptt 300) ~ AD - O24) OO) (500) = 640 ~ 0.2(500) 60-260 640 ~ 100 -360 ~ 540 mt Thus, the price of the shirt is 540.00 “Thus, the price of the sit P39, Note: This is the same price indicated Note: “This is the same price indicates iq in the table, the table, This only shows teat te price function px) - a ~ Oy For p(900): fits each data point i the gi (900) = 640 - 0.2900) = = 640 ~ 180 = 460 ‘Thus, the price of the shirt is 460.00. Note: This is the same price indicated in the table, ON : r Operations on Functions ee ea> Perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and composition of functions Getting Ready Sites meets: | Perform the indicated operations. a, (4x +3)+(3x—2) d. (x?~ 5x + 2)(3x + 1) b, (2x?~3x —2)~ (4x? + 5x +3) e. (¥3+x)(¥3-x) c. (2x-3)(x +4) f. (2x? 9x — 35) + (2x + 5) Addition and Subtraction of Polynomials (1x-8)= Gx +78) + 4-8) of LGR EG), To simplify (x°y\(x'y9), se, the produ rule or, exponents ac

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