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Incidence matrix is that matrix which represents the graph such that with the
help of that matrix we can draw a graph. This matrix can be denoted as [AC] As
in every matrix, there are also rows and columns in incidence matrix [AC].
The rows of the matrix [AC] represent the number of nodes and the column of
the matrix [AC] represent the number of branches in the given graph. If there are
‘n’ number of rows in a given incidence matrix, that means in a graph there are
‘n’ number of nodes. Similarly, if there are ‘m’ number of columns in that given
incidence matrix, that means in that graph there are ‘m’ number of branches.
In the above shown graph or directed graph, there are 4 nodes and 6 branches.
Thus the incidence matrix for the above graph will have 4 rows and 6 columns.
The entries of incidence matrix is always -1, 0, +1. This matrix is always
analogous to KCL (Krichoff Current Law). Thus from KCL we can derive that,
Now drawing its reduced incidence matrix. For this we just simply have to
delete any node (in this we have deleted node 2). Its reduced incidence matrix
is:-