CHAPTER 3 LITERATURE SURVEY

III. LITERATURE SURVEY

1. Dilip Kumar Brahma et al., Investigated that the plausibility of permitting quick,
reproducible, and complete medication, disintegration by utilizing Superdisintegrants in
various focuses, FT-IR were done affirm that medication isn’t associating with polymer
under exploratory conditions and timeframe of realistic usability. The rationale of this
examination work was to grow quick-dissolving tablets by utilizing fenugreek gum as a
characteristic super deteriorating operator which likewise had an enemy of diabetic
property for fast authority over anomalous blood glucose levels. For getting the
fenugreek gum an endeavor was made to remove it from fenugreek seeds and exposed it
to different physicochemical investigations. A portion of the physical properties, for
example, consistency and swelling record were seen as 293 cps and 221 individually.
Subtleties were presented to quality considers. Definitions are consistent for 28 days at
400C/75 % RH with insignificant change in the hardness, weakening time, and in vitro
medicine release plan.
2. Gagandeep Chawla et al., Studied that mouth dissolving tablets have becomes the most
demanding application during the last decades, and in the pharmaceutical industry, this
field has become a rapid area. Mouth dissolving tablets during insertion in the mouth
should have to dissolve or disintegrate in the mouth within 15sec to 3 minutes without
the help or need of any drinking agent like water. These mouth dissolving tablets can be
given anytime, anywhere to anyone who needs this without the presence of water and
these will show the effective action in few minutes.
3. Ashish Garg et al., Reported that Conventional dosage forms like tablets and capsules
are nowadays facing the problems like dysphagia, resulting in a high incidence of non-
compliance and making the therapy ineffective. To obviate the problems associated with
conventional dosage forms, mouth dissolving tablets have been developed having a good
hardness, dose uniformity, easy administration and serves as the first choice of dosage
form for pediatrics, geriatrics, and traveling patients. The MDTs were developed to have
sufficient hardness, integrity, and faster disintegration without water. Fast dissolving
Tablets are disintegrating and/or dissolve rapidly in the saliva without the need for water.
Some tablets are designed to dissolve in saliva remarkably fast, within a few seconds,
and are true fast-dissolving tablets. Others contain agents to enhance the rate of tablet

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disintegration in the oral cavity and are more appropriately termed fast-disintegrating
tablets, as they may take up to a minute to completely disintegrate. This tablet format is
designed to allow the administration of an oral solid dose form in the absence of water
or fluid intake. Such tablets readily dissolve or disintegrate in the saliva generally within
<60 seconds.
4. Erande Kumar et al., Studied that From the last decade Mouth dissolving tablets are
gaining more prominence as a novel drug delivery system & emerges as one of the
popular & widely accepted dosage forms, especially for pediatric patients because of
incomplete development of muscular & nervous system & in case of geriatric patients
suffering from Parkinson’s disorder or hand tremors, from both pharmaceutical
industries as well as patients because they are convenient to be manufactured &
administered, free of side effects, offering immediate release & enhance bioavailability
, so as to achieve better patient compliance. MDT is a good choice of drug delivery for
pediatric & geriatric patients because it troubleshoots the problem of dysphagia i.e.
difficulty in swallowing which is seen in many elderly patients. Mouth dissolving tablets
offers rapid disintegration so as it dissolves very fast in saliva & then easily swallowed
without the need of water which is a major benefit over conventional dosage form. The
popularity and usefulness of the formulation resulted in development of several mouth
dissolving tablet technologies for preparation. The current article is focused on ideal
characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, formulation aspects, formulation
technologies, evaluation of products and future potential. Various marketed preparations
along with numerous scientific advancements made so far in this avenue have also been
discussed.
5. J. Nandhini et al., Now-a-days, dispersible drug delivery systems are extensively used
to improve bioavailability and patient compliance. Over the past three decades,
dispersible tablets have gained considerable attention as a preferred alternative to
conventional tablets and capsules due to better patient compliance, improved solubility
and stability profiles. Dispersible tablets could be preferred choice especially with those
drugs sensitive to GI fluids, for masking bitter taste of drug and for patients under
category of pediatrics, geriatrics, bedridden, postoperative and who may have difficulty
in swallowing the conventional tablets and capsules. These types of tablets disintegrate
quickly in the water to produce the suspension. The superdisintegrants are the important
constituent of dispersible tablet. Dispersible tablet on contact with water get wet and

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swell extensively so that the tablet disintegrate quickly. This review includes a detail
updated concept on dispersible tablet.
6. Nagar Praveen Kumar et al., Studied that The desire of improved palatability in orally
administered products has prompted the development of numerous formulations with
improved performance and acceptability. Orally disintegrating tablets are an emerging
trend in novel drug delivery system and have received ever-increasing demand during
the last few decades. This is achieved by decreasing the disintegration time which in turn
enhances drug dissolution rate. Disintegrants are substances or mixture of substances
added to the drug formulation that facilitates the breakup or disintegration of tablet or
capsule content into smaller particles that dissolve more rapidly. Superdisintegrants are
used to improve the efficacy of solid dosage forms. Superdisintegrants are generally used
at a low level in the solid dosage form, typically 1- 10 % by weight relative to the total
weight of the dosage unit. Diverse categories of Superdisintegrants such as synthetic,
semi-synthetic, natural and co-processed blends etc. have been employed to develop
effectual mouth dissolving tablets and to overcome the limitations of conventional tablet
dosage form. The present study describes the various types of Superdisintegrants which
are being used in the formulation to provide the safer, effective drug delivery with
patient's compliance.
7. Hardik Shihora et al., reported that In dosage forms, solid orals gain maximum
popularity, about 85%, because of many advantages over others. The therapeutic activity
of these formulations is obtained through a typical manner like disintegration followed
by dissolution. Hence disintegration has a major role in facilitating drug activity and thus
gain popularity among other dosage forms. In this review article, more emphasis is given
on the application and usage of various super disintegrants comparing with other
disintegrants in available scientific studies. The various sources of super disintegrants
and their modification to improve disintegration properties are also highlighted.
8. Ajay Bera et al., reported that Patient compliance is one of the most important aspects
in the pharmacy practice. In the pharmaceutical industry Oral delivery is currently
regarded as the gold standard as it is the safest, most convenient, and most economical
method of drug delivery having the highest patient compliance mouth dissolving drug
delivery systems (MDDDS) take an important position in the market by overcoming
previously encountered administration problems. Fast disintegrating tablets (FDTs) have
received ever-increasing demand during the last decade, and Mouth Dissolving Tablets

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(MDT) is one of the fruitful results of these technological advancements. Upon

introduction into the mouth, these FDT or MDT tablets dissolve or disintegrate in the
mouth in the absence of additional water for easy administration of active pharmaceutical
ingredients. A variety of drugs can be administered in the form of MD tablets as they
give the advantage of liquid medication in solid preparation. Fast- or mouth dissolving
tablets have been formulated for pediatric, geriatric, and bedridden patients and for active
patients who are busy and traveling and may not have access to water. Technologies used
for manufacturing orally disintegrating tablets are either conventional technologies or
patented technologies. In conventional freeze-drying, tablet molding, sublimation, spray
drying, etc., and in patented technology such as Zydis, Orasolv, Durasolv, Wowtab, and
Flashdose technology are important. Important ingredients that are used in the
formulation of ODTs should allow quick release of the drug, resulting in faster
dissolution. This review describes the various formulation aspects, disintegrants
employed, and technologies developed for FDTs, patent formulation, evaluation tests,
and marketed formulations.
9. P. S. Mohanchandran et al., Review that an oral solid dosage form should ideally
disperse into the primary particles from which it was prepared. Superdisintegrant is used
to improve the efficacy of solid dosage form.
10. Shrivastav Saurabh et al., stated that an orally disintegrating tablet or mouth dissolving
tablet (MDT) is a drug dosage form available for a limited amount of over-the-counter
(OTC) and prescription medications. MDTs differ from traditional tablets in that they are
designed to be dissolved on the tongue rather than swallowed whole. A variety of
pharmaceutical research has been conducted to develop new dosage forms. Among the
dosage forms developed to facilitate ease of medication, the mouth dissolving tablet
(MDT) is one of the most widely employed commercial products. As our society is
becoming increasingly aged, the development of mouth dissolving tablets have been
formulated for pediatric, geriatric, and bedridden patients and for active patients who are
busy and travelling and may not have access to water. Such formulations provide an
opportunity for product line extension in the many elderly persons will have difficulties
in taking conventional oral dosage forms (viz., solutions, suspensions, tablets, and
capsules) because of hand tremors and dysphagia. Oral delivery is currently the gold
standard in the pharmaceutical industry where it is regarded as the safest, most
convenient and most economical method of drug delivery having the highest patient

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compliance. Recent development in fast disintegrating technology mainly works to

improve the disintegration quality of these delicate dosage forms without affecting their
integrity. This article focuses on the patented technologies available and the advances
made so far in the field of fabrication of mouth dissolving tablets. Apart from the
conventional methods of fabrication, this review also provides the detailed concept of
some unique technologies like freeze drying, direct compression, spray drying, tablet
molding, sublimation, fast dissolving films cotton candy process, along with their
advantages and limitations.
11. Omprakash G. Bhusnure et al., Fast dissolving tablet format is designed to allow
administration of an oral solid dose form in the absence of water or fluid intake. Such
tablets readily dissolve or disintegrate in the saliva. Nifedipine is a calcium channel
blocker which is used as an antianginal and antihypertensive drug.
12. Madan et al. studied that natural polymer remain attractive primarily because they are
natural products of plants, readily available inexpensive, and capable of a multitude of
chemical modifications. They have examined the disintegrants property of dried
mucilage of Hibiscus rosa-sinesis (Family: Malvaceae) leaves to access its functionality
as a pharmaceutical excipient.
13. Dibyalochan Mohanty et al., employed experimental design to formulate and optimize
sitagliptin oral disintegrating tablets (ODT’s) by direct compression technique, using the
mutual effect of synthetic sod. Starch glycolate and natural fenugreek mucilage as
disintegrants in the formulation.
14. Mr. Kulkarni Sarang et al., Given the use of natural Superdisintegrant in mouth
dissolving tablet. As fast dissolving tablets overcome the advantage of conventional
dosage form especially dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing) in pediatric and geriatric
patients.
15. Santosh Kumar et al. In this review, the main emphasis is given on different types of
Superdisintegrant used in mouth dissolving tablets, their mechanism, and applications.
16. Rajshree Panigrahi et al., Studies effect of the combination of natural super
disintegrants on fast dissolving tablets of lisinopril. It was concluded that the super
disintegrants addition technique is a useful method for preparing orally disintegrating
tablets by direct compression method.

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17. Bhupendra G. Prajapati et al, The main objective of this study was to formulate
directly compressible orally disintegrating tablets of Cinnarizine with sufficient
mechanical integrity, content uniformity, and acceptable palatability to assist patients of
any age group for administration.
18. Ameena Begum, Sridhar R, et al., Formulated and evaluated sitagliptin tablet for in-
vitro evaluation. The direct compression method was used in the present study.

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