Battery Life Cycle Tester / State of Charge of Battery A Project report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of B. Tech in Electrical Engineering by Shinjini Mukherjee (EE/2016/027) Under the supervision of Dr. Ashoke Mondal Prof. of Dept. of Electrical Engineering, RCCLUT gi sete tty wer Department of Electrical Engineering RCC INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CANAL SOUTH ROAD, BELIAGHATA, KOLKATA ~ 700015, WEST BENGAL, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology (MAKAUT) © 2020PREFACE This report comprises of the summary of work we, namely, Shinjini Mukherjee, Ravi Ranjan Ravi, Debatra Bhattacharjee and Rounak Mondal have completed for our final year project. The topic on which we worked is Battery Life Cycle Tester/State of Charge of Battery. We have conducted our elaborate project under the supervision and guidance of Prof. (Dr.) Ashoke Mondal, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, RCC Institute of Information Technology. Battery life cycle tester is a device which is used to test the life cycle of any given battery [8] and if connected to the given battery it can also precisely measure the state of charge or the depth of discharge of the battery. On the other hand we can use this battery life cycle tester to also find the actual capacity of the battery. We can also use this to predict the health of a used battery by using various predictive algorithms thereby preventing a substantial damage to the battery by giving ambient charging and discharging conditions i.e. preventing deep discharging or over charging of the battery.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is of great fortune that we have got an opportunity to carry out this project work under the supervision of Prof (Dr.) Ashoke Mondal, Department of Electrical Engineering, RCC Institute of Information Technology (RCCIIT), Canal South Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata-700015, affiliated to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology (MAKAUT), West Bengal, India. We express our sincere gratitude and we are highly obliged to our guide for his constant support, unparalleled guidance and limitless encouragement throughout. We wish to convey our gratitude to Prof. (Dr.) Debasish Mondal, HOD, Department of Electrical Engineering, RCCIIT and to the authority of RCCIIT for providing all kinds of infrastructural facilities towards the research work. We would also like to convey our gratitude to all the faculty members and staffs of the Department of Electrical Engineering, RCCIIT for their whole hearted cooperation to make our work turn into reality. Name and Signature of the Student Place: Date:Ra Department of Electrical Engineering RCC INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY on GROUND FLOOR, NEW BUILDING, “ee ar CANAL SOUTH ROAD, BELIAGHATA, KOLKATA — 700015, WEST BENGAL CERTIFICATE To whom it may concern ‘This is to certify that the project work entitled BATTERY LIFE CYCLE TESTER / STATE OF CHARGE OF BATTERY is the bona fide work carried out by SHINJINI MUKHERJEE (1171616031) a student of B.Tech in the Dept. of Electrical Engineering, RCC Institute of Information Technology (RCCIIT), Canal South Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata-700015, affiliated to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of ‘Technology (MAKAUT), West Bengal, India, during the academic year 2016-20, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering and that this project has not been submitted previously for the award of any other degree, diploma or fellowship. Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD Name: Name: Designation Designation Signature of the External Examiner Name: Designation:ABSTRACT Batteries have varied uses in our day to day lives starting from using them in several electronic instruments like mobile phones, UPS, car batteries to even submarines and power plants. Thus it is absolutely essential that we maintain the batteries for their longevity and make periodic replacements for uninterrupted service [2]. In this paper, we have illustrated The Battery Life Cycle Tester with intelligent charging and discharging units comprising of measurement [1], data logging, remote monitoring and communication sections for data acquisition. For this device, we can manually input parameters (e.g. rated battery voltage, battery capacity, full charged voltage, low battery voltage, charging/discharging rate) thus making it compatible with all types of batteries [6]. This device charges and discharges the given battery continuously, monitors the parameters, logs the data and through the gathered data it is able to decide upon the state of charge/depth of discharge and also suggest the life cycle of the battery [8]. This device can also precisely measure the actual capacity of a battery. We can also improve the life of the battery by preventing substantial damage to the battery by giving ambient charging and discharging conditions i.e. prevention of overcharging or deep discharging [3].SNA RY Table of Contents Introduction Theory 2.1 Working Principle 2.2 Flow Chart 2.3. Block Diagram 2.4 Circuit Diagram 2.5 Components List 2.6 Components Description 2.3.1 Microcontroller 2.3.2 n-MOSFET 2.3.3 Hall Sensor ACS712 2.3.4 NodeMcu 2.3.5 LCD Module 2.3.6 SD Card Module 2.3.7 Opto-Isolator Software Program Hardware Model Observation & Results Discussion Conclusion References1. Introduction: Renewable or Non-conventional sources of energy like solar, wind, tidal, wave and others are of variable nature. Therefore it is very important that we store the produced energy in some sort of accessible device that will provide us with power when required. Since use of such forms of enerey has escalated so is the use of batteries. Not only that batteries are used in several instruments like health instruments, mobile phones, laptops, electric, cars, wireless electronic items. The uses are varied. Batteries are a collection of one or more cells where the chemical reaction creates a flow of electrons in the circuit. Each battery is made of three basic constituents, namely, anode, cathode and electrolyte. We have used two types of rechargeable batteries, namely, sealed lead acid battery and lithium ion battery for this experiment for their wide range of uses and popularity. Lead acid battery uses sponge lead and lead peroxide to chemical energy into electrical enerey [3]. It can provide higher cell voltage at a lower cost thus used in vehicles, power stations ete. It consists of glass or ebonite or lead lined wood container, plate made of an alloy of lead and antimony. The active elements are lead peroxide, sponge lead and dilute . sulphuric acid which acts as an electrolyte. Cathode om Anode On the ather hand, for lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery the key components is lithium ion [4]. During the discharging condition lithium atoms in the anode are ionized and separated from their electrons. The lithium. =| =! ions move from anode to cathode through the electrolyte thus recombining with the electrons from the cathode and getting neutralized, Lithium ion batteries can provide a very high voltage and high charge storage 12 Lend Batery per unit mass and unit volume owing to lithium’s — —™us2%7 ag small size. The life cycle of a battery is the number of complete charge/discharge cycles that the iu battery can support until the capacity falls under 80% of its original capacity [1]. The state of charge. sss ofa battery is the level of charge of a battery relative "| to its original capacity usually expressed in spare orPonpeincre percentage. The depth of discharge of a battery is the percentage of battery capacity that has been discharged relative to the overall capacity of the battery, Thus a battery life cycle tester is Used to find the life cycle of a given battery, to find out the state of charge or depth of discharge at different operational points, to find the actual capacity of the battery. It also aids inPARTS OF A LITHIUM-ION BATTERY slecTROWTE| ANODE () UTHUMLCARBON (Rape) caHooe (+) Purim. LON ‘erat ‘OxDE benchmarking of different manufacturer's battery which are either of the same rated capacity or batteries of different types. Further we have microcontrollers which are to change charge and discharge conditions according to our needs. Thus we will be able to find the performance of any battery in different working conditions.