Pr 0 (a) Processing gain = 10log,9(2™-1) = 10log,9(219-1) = 57 dB s A oe Ey ©) Antijam margin = (Processing gain) 10logyo|-——* 0 The probability of error is 1 IE Py = 5 erfe | With P, = 10°, we have Ey/No = 9. Hence, Antijam margin = 57 - 10logy99 = 57 - 9.5 = 47.5 dB 417Problem 7.11 ‘The DS/QPSK signal modulator is given below: oft) Baseband *| filter NRZ encoder] > oO Ld sw (Ginary dats) Baseband ‘ler co) ‘The DS/QPSK modulated signal is |E |E x(t) (1)cos(2n f.1) + Feots)sin(2nf.t) where eft) = {¢9, (0, €4, (ss Cyn, CE} and Colt) = {ep, (4.61, ols ey-4, of} denote the spreading sequences for 0 <1 < T,, which are applied to the in-phase and quadrature channels of the modulator. Consider the following set of orthonormal basis functions: os(2nft), kT S1S(k+1)T, otherwise 418i [Fsmcns.n, ) AT ,StS (k+1)T, 0, otherwise Go, = where T, is the chip duration; & = 0, 1, 2, «++, N-1,and N= TIT,, that is, N is the number of chips per bit ‘The DS/QPSK modulated signal can be written as follows (using the set of basis functions): T 2 TE [2 a [Pooenranetns oF Fonens.ncac [25 ze. 190, 4, {2 Xo, 1% eg ‘The channel output at the receiving end of the system has the following form A(t) = s(t) + f(D) where j(t) denotes the interference signal. We may express the interference signal using the 2N-dimensional basis functions as follows: wa xa FO = Yer ie, + Dieg. (eg (0 k= k=O " where (EN, Jin, "HO%, (D4 Jeng (kstyr jean = Sur, HOMeg Oat k= OLN The average power of the interferer is given by 419Assuming that the power is equally distributed between the in-phase and quadrature components: N-1) Sees ee L Matis sie ef) There are two stages of demodulation. First, the received signal x(7) is multiplied by the despreading sequences et) and co(0), yielding u(t) uo(t) Feos(2m ft) £ exneo(Esint2n7.0 +e(O() Esnensn t+ eqhne so) Boosters. + eo(t)i(t) 420The second terms in the right-hand side of uj(t) and ug(t) are filtered by the bandpass filters, and the BPSK demodulators recover estimates of their respective binary sequences. Finally, the multiplexer reconstructs the original binary data stream, Proc: it The signal-to-noise ratio at the output of the receiver is (SNR), = Mstantaneous peak signal _power ‘The signal-to-noise ratio at the input of the coherent receiver is average input-signal power (SNR), average interferer power We may therefore write (SNR) oi 2: (r oe, GAR, = totes, (7) = 3+ 10log, | 7) The QPSK processing gain= T/T, That is, PGaesx = 21PGypsx] Solving for the antenna aperture: ziProblem 7.12 ‘The processing gain (PG) is PG Hence, expressed in decibels, PG = 101og1920 = 26 db Problem 7.13 The processing gain is PG =4x4 = 16 Hence, in decibels, PG = 101ogi916 = 124B 422Problem 7.13 Matlab codes % Problem 7.13(a), CS: Haykin 4% Generating 63-chip PN sequences % polynomial (x) = x°6+x+1 4% polynomial2(x) = x°6 + x°6 + x24 x44 4% Mathini Sellathurai, 10.08.1999 % polynomials polt={t 0000143; polz[1 100414]; % chip size 35 % generating the PN sequence pnseqi = PNseq(pol1); pnseq? = Pliseq(pol2); % mapping antipodal signals (0-->-1, 1-->4) u=2epnseqi~1; spnseq?-14% autocorrelation of pnseqi [eorrf]=pn_corr(u, u, M) % prints plot(~61:62,corrt(2:126)); axis([-62, 62,-10, 80]) xlabel(’ Delay \tau’) ylabel(’ Autocorrelation function R_{c}(\tau)’) pause Yautocorrelation of pnseq? [eorr#]=pn_eorr(v, v, N) % prints plot (~61:62, corrf(2:125)); axis([-62, 62,-10, 80]) xlabel(? Delay \tau’) ylabel(? Autocorrelation function R_{ch(\tau)’) pause 4% cross correlation of pnseqi, pnseq? [eucorr]=pn_corr(u, v, W) % prints plot (-61:62,c_corr(2:426)); axis([-62, 62,~20, 20]) xlabel(’ Delay \tan’) ylabel(? Cross-correlation function R{Ji}(\tau)’) 4244% Problem 7.13 (b), CS: Haykin 4% Generating 63-chip PN sequences % polynomiali(x) =x6+x+4 % polynomial2(x) = x6 + x6 + x24 x41 % Mathini Sellathurai, 10.05.1999 % polynomials polis{i 1100141; pola[t 1001147; % chip size N63; % generating the PN sequence pnseqi = PNseq(pol1); Pnseq? = PNseq(pol2); % mapping antipodal signals (0-->-1, u=2+pnseqi-1; v=2epnseq2-1} 4% autocorrelation of pnseqi (corr#]=pn_corr(u, u, MN) % prints plot(-61:62,corrt(2:126)); axis([-62, 62,-10, 80]) xlabel(’ Delay \tau’) ylabel(’ Autocorrelation function R{c}(\tau)’) pause autocorrelation of pnseq2 Ceorrf}=pncorr(v, v, N) 4 prints plot(-61:62,corré(2:125)); axis([-62, 62,-10, 80]) xlabel(? Delay \tau’) ylabel(? Autocorrelation function R_{c}(\tau)") pause % cross correlation of pneegi, pnseq? (e_corr]=pn_corr(u, v, ND % prints 425plot(~61:62,c_corr(2:426)); axis([-62, 62,-20, 20)) Habel(? Delay \tau’) ylabel(’ Cross-correlation function R{ji}(\tau)’) 426