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Flightpath Student's Book

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Вусал Гасанов
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6K views190 pages

Flightpath Student's Book

Uploaded by

Вусал Гасанов
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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CAMBRIDGE Professional English _Flightpath _ AVIATION ENGLISH FOR PILOTS AND ATCOs STUDENT’S BOOK Philip Shawcross iq “Wee ammncnan | Sune asaya | «En an arom mt_|« Bart el Kaspar Hee |-tmagecmemem |>Sartmemacennta |~ Setee mr Incorrect cal sign ++ Using wossery definitions, | 2 yeaa Seem cee 2 1 Ate tet ed oes ‘nota cae | sc Sess : Saataeco ene trovente | Sinn rs eer soeeesan Br Eevee. | Seeincoew, Milow | scm + Bing tencion os tre 3 eo SSrovngpcomeygnos)” |" arm ace pene Screen | Vang Ses oce | « Rpg Sesonce + Sooune comin nthe pod |" segneerg onoeuree | * Beating yon oe, ear |S Grund supe aru wees | Siar enniorehnes |” once 1 Recipe ome alt = 2 Eide ctoten airy cNreronscainct: | Ranengte pane _erguonenrgane Tthigagetesteny | © Nope Saran {ere Se che come noe = Sot ans cge ns Thaw i Tee sre ny Geta th be at SBokcmoomimem | Rowbgqe same 1 Ritecton pcos Secerunrymerces | Rompteonog tesan ngage | "Reve ire 1 Soot ore | DART A REVIEW ints 2-2) age BS 7% = al Beers] cmc ar exer pores ieee sa en | tae re jaa Se. Hib | Regents aeatr 1 are manta | TES ene. |” Satay 1 ienmnoore nage 1 Cato beacuse 1 Recommenn bts (oe cmcirn fr eng Peoring sere Beni see atege spn ane cree pee + Prepaons 1 Enon tain ad pean 7 Whines Fao $ Rorgatenen too 5 SE ig ne + Sing wi ogo ‘ponceng {soa anton 7 Ue enon pao Ueto or deg ‘ke ees + Sie tc ig itn mae 0 Appin oc eae 1 fons peas 1 coaune 1 fet eat son con i rating + Betton + Sermon 1 Susie stew 7 Seng int See [iGo at tes [ES tecimne | Sertnnemee | Sei cacases |: eee ee | Helos). Sees sain Sees aecces | Jesson (Part 2} | * RS "sttvetion on ose. | Soot |: ates Peru iate | conus THES [stint | See come creee 5 commen roa Bean + egertng res + beng cee 1 Prcore Sessa Panel of expert reviewers ‘he sutor and pubes woul parc eo then the flan vain an langease roesinas wo revwod fat and ina maton fr Fghoa to esure tat roles bt ney Bt paces and CAD Level {ain ay served a Techical Ofer in he Sef ofthe nein hi “Aveuon Organisation (GAO) ul ansry 2007. As he Secretary of te PRCE Study Grow nat farms the propose provisions for eaten Engh poten or itm crtoers an les, Ban wae response for ensuing ther operate 2 ffi, ngs leginasy, nse of eguain ana genes cee to we ‘etna ation emma. Jeremy Mal cccapis the posto Deputy Causes for Sustainable Devopment and Pansporson 3 the Embassy of farce n Washington. OC. preovs poets had boen i ation Ein ond human factors ring m Fance (EMAC. Toulouse wl sn ting, management ae cretion! ‘cotton. Jaen ms 8 PRICESG member nab parked in avaton working Boups ecusng on communictons t 040 and Euocontrel anh a doctorate in ngage sconces apps Ie _seronauiatelecoomanicaton (Uivrsy of eo) ‘An Emig has 9 bacayound in a fe contol and hs been struments ‘evlonng lnguageprafce) osts fora ate col sec 1888, oundet, ‘membar of G80 PRICE Stay Group, Aan wes twohed in fomalog he ‘rotons thet row tne the EAD lene protien equrenents fr oF wae oriolers and pits. Alan wos he Projet Lender for Croco ELIAS tat (Engisn Language Proton fr Reorates! Commu. ‘exp Matson is Depry Oectofr esting an Iterstonal Co-operation at the CamsLang ‘ntton Tang Cer n Moscow a merbor oY Boa of eAEA, anda mero the Pg Seley Foupdetin. Heis eur of ser ooks on ato communes na ceveope oe TELLCAP* oe of Eglsh Language Lee for Con's end Pts nthe past. tas wre 9s 8 Snir treter ‘th Macaw ATC Cone, a arade opera fr evr Russian ates, nd wos afl ete of ‘he ICAO PRICE Stic Go, NB martin neade is an artne Captain with over 15 years” experience thing around Europe, He cure os th Arbus AS20 suis for Eoylt. He ao 8 Mode Langage (watano of Aton Unveraty an hes exoerance ef Teaching Engish vo 9 Foley ‘anquee ico! rmaud has over 40 goa experienc natin, i hyig ngineeing. Np operas, ‘igi say and management ros He has bes aed for ov 15 yrs conte _naon Ergin oto ets, pray fo Arbus i seen of romero Mi perons ‘uel, recedes ae arises. he ute fe Flank Sey Funan Aroha ang acide Rein et Nes aren Tol was ICAO Reglonal Deter, rope ae Neth Aste fo 2004 ui 2010. He nas orga vais ard inenead ae on ate conta, aN ed ‘ exoerse ta nigaton Ho saved aa the Repesetnte of Dana oe ‘ound ef (A0 om 1905 t0 1996. t|CA0' Eeventh At Nivgaton Coerra 2003 ne was elected Caiman o Carmi A He seed as esa the Nor atte Stes Paeing Group (HAF SP om 1993 0 1985 and wos Charman of We Euepean sr Neveston Ping Grup EANPG) on 2000 un his appoininent as ICAO Repo! Osun 2004, He rated n 2040, UNIT 1 Language and communication in aviation UNIT 4 LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION IN AVIATION CUCM ee sae eed 22 ©2.04 Listen to ten ATC (Air Traffic Control) and pilot transmissions. Are they in standard phraseology or plain language? Pilot Request taxi for departure to Montreal. Standard phraseology ATCO What is the condition of your injured passenger? Plain language 2104 Listen again and decide which transmissions itis possible to respond to in standard phraseology. If itis not possible, explain why. © @2.01 Listen again and respond appropriately to each transmission, Pilot Request taxi for departure to Montreal, A(ATCO) Taxi to holding point Bravo 3 Runway 27 Right via Delta. Hold short of Runway 27 Right. ATCO What is the condition of your injured passenger? A(Pllot) He appears to be concussed and have severe brulsing. The cabin crew are administering first. id, but he requires urgent medical attention. Wet eet Sa Look at the six different ways in which misunderstanding can occur. For each one, give an exemple, * vocabulary confusion * incorrect or imprecise English 4 a readback error + a garbled message * non-standard phraseology * incorrect pronunciation b 102 Listen to six transmissions. Match the transmissions (4-6) to the reasons (a-f) why each one hhas been, or could be, misunderstood, 2 vooabulary contusion 4 incorrect or imprecise use of grammar b @ readback error 1 © 2 garbled message © nonstandard phraseology f incorrect pronunciation © 4.02 Listen again and respond to each R/T exchange, removing the misunderstanding, ATCO Delta 357, descend to altitude 9,000 feet, QNH 1017. Pilot Descend to altitude 5,000 feet, Delta 357. A(ATCO) Delta 357, negative: descend to altitude niner thousand feet. | say again, altitude niner thousand feet. In pairs, describe a situation from your operational experience in which language was an obstacle in ‘communicating effectively. Explain why. © How can cases of misunderstanding like these affect safety? UNIT 4. LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION IN AVIATION eee kena al 4 In pairs, Identify the word which Is incorrect in the sentences below. Then propose a more appropriate [ihdahdbibehed word and explain the difference In meaning Neen eenearies ‘Sometimes | won't catch the numbers in a frequency change, the 4 The cabin crew have reported an unruly Tae passenger in the after cabin. Aft 2 The smoke fumes being sucked into the air : Coneitioning system could pose a threat to the | “ifferently. passengers’ security. quoted in United States Airline Transport Pilot 3 We have an elderly passenger who has suffered | International Flight Language Experiences - a stroke. Request information about the nearest | Report 2: word meaning and pronunciation name of a fix or off-route waypoints because they might be pronounced alternative? (National Technical Information Service) 4 All strangers will have to fll in immigration cards, Which aspects of language have you found 5 We have three passengers suffering from create the most obstacles to a complete severe concussion and bruises, and will request | understanding? {an ambulance when we reach the stand, 6 The Antonov 124 made a hardly landing and may have some damage to the gear and tyres. 7 Number 2 engine ingested some birds during climb-out. Engine performance seems OK, but we are controlling the indications. 8 I'm waiting for some vegetarian meat trays to be delivered by catering: then we'll be ready to depart. 04.03 Listen to ten transmissions. Each transmission contains a word which is pronounced incorrectly. Cross out the word you hear, and circle the word witich is intended. Lgute /GieD 2 loose/ lose 3 services / surfaces 4 wheel / well Samay / area 6 feet / feed 7 ridge / rich B ice / eyes 9 watching / washing 10 heat / hit © 4.04 Listen to ten sentences and choose the correct ending for the words (4-40). Choose (-) if the word has no added ending. aint 8/ed/ ing /- 6 clear s/ed/ ing / ly /— 2 disconnect s/ed/ ing /- 7 slow s/ed/ ing / ly /— 3 service s/ed/ ing /- 8 check s/ed/ ing /- 4 clear 8 /ed/ing /— 9 disconnect, 8 /ed/ ing /- 5 tum s/ed/ ing /— 10 reduce s/ed/ ing /- @ ©1.04 Listen again and practise saying the sentences. UNIT 2. LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION IN AVIATION | | Readback Se 2.05 Listen to eight ATCO instructions, clearances ‘and approvals. For each transmission, read back or respond appropriately. Pay attention to pronunciation, clarity and delivery. ATCO —_Descend to Flight Level 130. A(Pitot) Descending to Flight Level 130.* “NoTE: Some States have preferred to omit 10 In such clearances to avoid confusion with two and too but ICAO has not supported this decision. EM Pilots > p147 | ATCOs > p57 Pena to give instructions and information or make requests. Request clarification it necessary. Lack of a readback or an incorrect readback, not challenged by the air traffic controller, resulted in confusion events and runway incursions. Miche! Ttémaud, Erasing Confusion In Flight Safety Foundation AeroSafety World, May 2010 * In what ways does good readback discipline reinforce aviation safety and avold contusion? * In your experience, do pilots and controllers always monitor readback? ATCO Air France 475, report ready for pushback. Pilot Ready for pushback, Air France 475. Pilot Malaysian 261, request ILS approach Runway 31 Left. ATCO Malaysian 261, cleared ILS approach Runway 31 Left. Ee eee (04.06 Listen to eight controller-pilot ‘communications in which there is either no readback of an incorrect readback. For each communication, give a correct readback, ATCO Aeroflot 238, cleaved to land Runway 26 Right, wind 220 degrees, six knots. A(Pllot) Cleared Runway 26 Right, six knots, Aeroflot 238. ATCO Gulfair 4752, turn left heading 290, intercept LS 26 Left. Pilot Tum left heading 250, intercept ILS 26 Left, Gutfair 4752, A(ATCO) Gulfair 4752, negative. Turn left heading 290, | say again 290, intercept ILS 26 Left. Omitting the call sign or using an incorrect call sign jeopardises an effective readback/hearback. Flight Safety Foundation ALAR Briefing Note 2.3; Pilot-Controller Communication | ‘¢ What outcomes could an omitted or incorrect call sign have? Give examples. ‘* What is the difference between readback and hearback? UNIT 2. LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION IN AVIATION | | Communication fee 73 4.07 Listen to eight transmissions and match them to the pictures (ah). b ©207 Listen again and identify the type of transmission. Mark each transmission Instruction, Request or Information. 4 Instruction 2 3 4 anxaa © Look at the transmissions (1-6) below. Are they in standard phraseology or plain language? 1 Request departure information 2 Expect start-up time at 19:38 due traffic 3 Which is the latest ATIS information? 4 Maintain 3,000 feet until glide path interception 5 Taxiing to holding point Runway 17 Left 6 What sort of assistance do you require on arrival? © @4.08 Work in pairs. Listen to 42 transmissions and match them to the task types (a-f) below. Some of the transmissions are in standard phraseology, some in plain language. a giving, amending and cancelling instructions 1 b acknowledging and reading back © asking for clarification or more precise information 4 giving information € requesting action/permission asking about needs, preferences, readiness, reasons and feasibility 8 In pairs, prepare transmissions between a controller and a pilot using the six task types in Exercise 7d, Then perform them for the class. UNIT 1. LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION IN AVIATION EEE ee 22 In pairs, clarity these ambiguous statements in plain English. Dh aed 4. We're having trouble stabilising. 2 It's very bumpy up here. 3 We're showing a drop in hydraulic Sometimes the phraseology “Say again” should be understood as a request for clarification rather than repetition. pressure. 4 We're having 2 smooth ride ICAO Doe. 9835 Manual on the Implementation of ICAO 5 There's nothing in sight. Language Proficiency Requirements, 4.5.3¢ 2" edition, 2010 6 We've got three greens. 7 avewe stare caren + What isthe difference between repatition and clarification? 8 Perform 2 360 + What else, apart from the words used, do you listen for in a 9 Vl get back to you, transmission? 10 Is that clear? f Pilot We are stil held up at our stand. Compare your suggestions with the ATCO Say again. rest of the class. Pilot We have a mechanical problem and are unable to h back for the moment 402 94.09 Listen to ten Eee communications. Explain why each | * Suggest plain English phrases you can use to clarity a one could be misunderstood. statement. LANGUAGE FOCUS: Asking questions Do/Does Do you have any indication of weather? Does the radar show any adverse weather? ro/s Are you ready? Is the cabin secure? Have/Has Have you got any dangerous goods? Has Runway 24R been re-opened? say Say heading Confirm Confirm position over MSA Report Report airborne What? What is the problem? What do you mean? What sort/type? What sort of TCAS advisory did you have? Which? Which runway is in use? who? Who issued the clearance? Whose? Whose call sign is ‘Speedbird’? why? Why cid you aiscontirue the approach? / Report reason for going around When? When do you expect to reach CAM? / Report ETO CAM How much? How much fuel have you got? / Report endurance How many? How many passengers are (there) on board? / Report passengers on board How far? How far are you from the threshold? / Report distance from threshold How long? How long do you require to turn around? (time) How long is the runnay? (distance) / Advise runway length How often? How often have you had that advisory? NOTE: In R/T, report, advise, say will usually be used instead of plain English questions. Plain English may be used in situations requiring longer explanations. 01.09 Listen again and ask a question to clarify the original message using words and phrases from ‘the Language Focus box. UNIT 4 LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION IN AVIATION INSEE id CACHES ETA Take turns to ask and answer questions. ATCO cue Pilot cue Passengers on board 238 ATCO How many passengers are there / do you have on board? Pilot There are / We have 238 passengers on board. LANGUAGE FOCUS: Making requests Request higher level May | amend our fignt pian? Say again Would you confirm our ETD? Can we expedite our departure? Have an ambulance standing by. Will you hold? Could you stand by ten minutes? ‘Which of the requests in the Language Focus box are in standard phraseology? When would you say the others? ©1.10 Listen to ten situations and make an appropriate request to solve the problem. ‘Situation On approach, after an In-ight turback, you are just over your maximum landing weight. A(Pilot) We need the longer runway. Request emergency services standing by. Request instructions to dump three tonnes of fuel. ee ns, Complete the table. Match the abbreviations and acronyms to the explanations (1-12). AIRPROX TCAS ATIS RVR EGPWS ETOPS IAF ILS inHg LDA MSA RVSM 1 ‘the combination [5 the rules by 9 ICAO provision of localiser and which the vertical permitting twin- glidestope separation engine aircraft to between aircraft fly more than 60 ‘can be reduced minutes from 2 diversion airfield 2 distance over 6 the situation in [40 ‘the altitude below which runway AIRPROX | which twa aircraft which aircraft markings and ‘come dangerously must not descend lights are visible close in the terminal area 3 the length of 7 the point at which 44 the automated runway which can the first segment system to actually be used of an instrument provide updated during touchdown approach begins aerodrome and and landi meteorological information 4 aitborne system | 8 aircraft system [42 ‘the unit of designed to avoid designed to warn measurement aitcratt collisions crew of aircraft used for approaching barometric terrain settings in North America UNIT 4. LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION IN AVIATION 5 @4,44 Listen to these abbreviations and identify the order in which you hear them. [eae oo 1 ean ASI EFS (Ta IAS INS. ‘OAT 7 [irs Identify the abbreviations in Exercise 42b. «© d.a4 Listen again and repeat the abbreviations, What abbreviations can you see on this chart? Say what they mean, “TW JEPPESEN AOMORI, JAPAN RSA AO) unitate susteutete VOR 7 Ruy 24 i 12.57 120.57. 1 118.3 126.2 es ers |icemoircnas| aiieia? [Aer tw 650" | ee (eee) BE eet Essen arcu. Climb 10 6000' ourbound via MRE YOR 8-251 | soo" zl] BSS T AG Seacdtatite a ad a m8 Rael Fue eae 28 eet 45. Look at the words (a-1) below, which you may encounter i the definitions (4-42). 1 period of team work 2 disoontinuing an approach and performing a circuit for a new approach 3 heading issued to an aircraft for the purpose of providing navigational guidance 4 trajectory followed by the crew at a given gradient (ypically 3°) during approach 5 rotating the nose of the eircraft to cause touchdown 6 narrow piece of paper or cardboard, or electronic equivalent, containing information about a flight for the ATCO 7 assigned departure time frame 8 fine rain 9 place where aircraft stop before lining up on the runway 20 parts of the apron, taxiways and runways which are in conerete or bitumen 111 loss of engine combustion 112 form of delaying action by performing @ 360° turn an operational environment. Match them tc a holding point b flare go-around d obit e drizzle f flame-out g vector hh shift it paving j strip k glide path I slot UNIT 1 LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION IN AVIATION Ee 24a Look at the pairs of words and Identify which are written with American spelling and which with British spel 1 center centre 2 color colour 3 downdraught downdrat 4 gege gauge 5 leveled levelled 6 programme program 7 stabiliser stabilizer Bye tire Look at the pairs of terms (4-10) below. For each pai, identify which Is the American English and which is the British English usage. Ahandott American handover British 2 vatfic pattern traffic circuit 3 hold stack 4 airplane aiteratt 5 Jetway airbridge 6hPa in.tig 7 ramp apron & visibility: statute miles visibility: kilometres 10 disembark Cor ofotty When we experience problems, it's not that this has necessarily caused me to make a wrong turn or do something Incorrectly; the problem that | feel it has caused is the communication and the deciphering of what it is exactly that they want us to do takes a little bit of time and puts us behind the aircraft. quoted in United States Airline Transport Pilot International Flight Language Experiences ~ Report 2: word meaning and pronunciation (National Technical information Service) Describe any personal experiences in which communication caused you to be ‘behind the aircraft’ ‘* Why Is It better not to be ‘behind the aircraft’? 9 clearthe runway vacate the runway deplane ‘What other differences do you know between American and British English? Why do you think that Tax! into position and hold and Descend Level two-ten are not part of approved ICAO phraseology? (04.42 Listen to the same transmissions spoken by six different people from different parts of the world, Can you identify which countries or regions they are from? Preparation Look at the transmissions (4-40). Are they in standard phraseology, non-standard phraseology or plain language? 1 Cleared straightin ILS approach Runway 27 2 Are you going around? 3 Line up. Be ready for immediate departure. 4 Regional 748, line up in tum. 5 There is @ dog on the runway. 6 Taxi into position and hold. 7 Taxi to holding position 8 We have a hydraulic leak. 9 Extend downwind, you are Number 2. Number 1 is the 737 on three-mile final. 10 There is standing water on Runway 19. dik eee ees bb In your operational experience, which accents have caused you the most problems? MEUM cunen es Icao Focus ICAO standardized phraseology shall be used in all situations for which it has been specified. Only when standardized phraseology cannot serve an intended purpose, plain language shall be used. ICAO Annex 10, Volume ii, 5.1.1.4 Describe a situation in which you have needed to switch from standard phraseology to plain language. UNIT 4 LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION IN AVIATION b Look at the transmissions (1-8), which explain why you are unable to comply with an instruction or a request, and complate them with the words in the box. minimum tumnoff direct failure blind IMC heavy wsiilty 41 Unable to climo FL 370: we are too heavy 2 We cannot expedite our departure: we seem to have @ pneumatic 3 Unable reduce our speed. We are already at our ___ clean speed. 4 Unable to route you to Calgary. The runways are closed due to low 5 | am unable to clear you Madras: there are military exercises in the airspace. 6 Negative contact: we are in 7 We cannot exit by the first ‘we are making a flans-up landing. 8 I'm unable to tell you the aircraft type ahead of you: | have a ____spot on my screen Communication recor 04.43 EXE Usten to ten pilot requests. Responaeaying you are unablc’and Development of proficiency in fluency Pilot Request Taxiway Echo. and interaction will be dependent on: ‘ATCO Unable. There is work in progress along | + clearly identifying the impacts of the taxiway. “code switching” between standard » 01.16 [IE Listen to ten controller requests. phraseology and plain language Respond saying you are unable and why. + identifying appropriate and effective ATCO Adjust speed to cross Bologna at 28. checking mechanisms ... Pitot Unable. We are already at our minimum | py Jeremy Mell, ICAO Journal, Volume 58 ‘operating speed. ESE Eas CASE Ed Take turns to + Give an example of a checking mechanism. ‘ask questions to check understanding. ‘+ Why are checking mechanisms important ATCO There is a chance of hailstorms beyond |_in communication? Ablbotsford Pilato you mean there may be hail? / So we could encounter hall on our route? Debriefing Debrief Exercises 17 and 18 with the class. Discuss those aspects which you found most challenging. eres 4 Complete the progress check for this unit. Assess your proficiency in these areas. (1= [need more work on this, § = I feel confident in this area) | at IL can distinguish between standard phraseology and plain language. ies 5 | | can give instructions and make readbacks. a eee | I can check to make sure | have understood information. de 2s oS: 2 Choose three areas of communication from this unit which you are less confident in. ‘Make plans for improving your skills in these three areas. 16 UNIT 2 Ground movements COMMUNICATION FUNCTIONS * Communication errors: failure to ¢ Describing the seriousness of a situation acknowledge correctly (ATCOs) + Giving instructions and resolving problems © Confirming and clarifying + Detailed taxi instructions + Requesting confirmation + Handling turnaround incidents A typical day at any busy aerodrome anywhere in the world: dozens, sometimes hundreds, of vehicles and aircraft transit active runways every hour. For the most part, all of them get where they are going without incident. Occasionally, however, someone makes a mistake. Perhaps it is a pilot who is arriving at an unfamiliar field. Or maybe it is a poorly-trained vehicle driver who takes a short cut across a seemingly inactive runway. Or possibly it is a busy air traffic controller who momentarily forgets @ particular aircraft. Any one of these mistakes could result in a runway incursion ~ a serious compromise to aerodrome safety that could easily result In a catastrophic collision and loss of life. Dr Assad Kotaite, the former President of ICAO, ICAO Runway Incursion video Ls Apart from aircraft, what other vehicles move around the airport? » What makes an airport such a potentially dangerous place? © What examples of mistakes made by pilots, drivers and controllers have you encountered? UNIT 2 GROUND MOVEMENTS Ena 2a Label these signs and markings from international airports with the definitions below. What is the difference between a marking and a sign? Funway holding position sign utbound destination sign taxinay ending marking no-entry sign runway ext sign ILS ential atea sign runway centreline marking taxi location sign » How far do airport signs vary from country to country? In what way can these variations create ifficulties? © 4.48 Listen to eight ATCO transmissions to pilots. Mark the order in which you hear the markings and signs referred to in Exercise 2a, 32_In pairs, look at the airport chart on page 19 and brainstorm as many different aitport areas, bulldings and equipment as you can, Airport areas Airport buildings Airport equipment apron hangar glideslope antenna © Describe what these areas, buildings and equipment are used for. Which are most important for pilots and controllers to be familiar with? © Match these airport facilities, services and equipment to their short definitions. apron 2 blast fences 3 deicing gantry 4 dispatch 5 engineering a service which provides flight crew with flight data » place where taxiways or runways cross each other part of aerodrome security which prevents intrusions 4 parking position ‘€ open area in front of terminal or hangar 6 intersection f part of ILS equipment T localizer g service which keeps runways available in winter 8 perimeter fence fh barriers used to protect people, vehicles ete. from engine thrust 9 snow clearance | department in charge of aircraft maintenance 10 stand j_ used in cold conditions to spray aircraft UNIT 2 GROUND MOVEMENTS Runway incursion Hot Spots Gites Maintenance ‘contre e ie 1383 p Control Tower eC ne a Tot ep ‘axiway D agjacent to ‘Terminal B, gates 34 and 35, Terminal , gates 77 and 78 not 016 = sible by Tower 4 ©4.46 Look at the chart based on Kansas City International Airport and decide if the information you hear is True (1) or False (F). eS 7 a) ae Words of location and movement are used constantly in aviation language. Match the words in the box to their opposites in the table. LANGUAGE FOCUS: Location and movement out from outgoing into from under along inbound forward far behind off right across near { aft on ahead out of back to ‘outbound incoming over left to a9

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