NAME: JAYV B.

ASTORIAS
YEAR & SECTION: 4-G

A: PROPONDERANCE OF EVIDENCE- Preponderance of Evidence must be proven in civil law cases. When
we say preponderance of evidence it means superior weight of evidence. Preponderance of the
evidence means is that the burden of proof is met if there is greater chance that, based on all the
reasonable evidence shown, plaintiff’s claims are true and defendant did in fact do the wrong that
caused the damage.

B: PROOF BEYOND REASONABLE DOUBT- Proof beyond reasonable doubt is a strong evidence, there’s
no doubt and unprejudiced. It is direct and clearly shown that the accused was guilty beyond reasonable
doubt. Beyond a reasonable doubt means that the evidence presented and the arguments put forward
by the prosecution establish the defendant's guilt so clearly that they must be accepted as fact by any
rational person.

C: CIRCUMSTANCIAL EVIDENCE- Circumstantial evidence is evidence that tends to prove a fact by

proving other events or circumstances which afford a basis for a reasonable inference of the

D: SUBSTANTIAL EVIDENCE- It is an evidence which is a reasoning mind would accept as sufficient to

support a particular conclusion and consist of more than a mere scintilla of evidence but maybe
somewhat less than a preponderance.

2.

A: PAROL EVIDENCE- It governs the extent to which parties to a case may introduce into court evidence
prior or contemporaneous agreement in order to modify, explain, or supplement the contract issue. The
rule excludes the admission of parole evidence.

B: CAN ORAL EVIDENCE PREVAIL OVER PATROL EVIDENCE?- Yes, because oral evidence includes
evidence that by reason of any disability, disorder, or other important, person called as witness gives in
writing or by signs or by way of device.

3.

In section 22 Disqualification by reason of marriage Rule 130, during the marriage, neither the husband
nor wife may testify for or against the other without the consent of the spouse, except in a civil case by
one against other, or the latters direct descendants or ascendants. While section 24 Disqualification by
reason of privileged communication, Rule 130 the husband or the wife , during or after the marriage,
cannot be examined without the consent of the other as to any communication received in the
confidence by one from the other during the marriage except in a civil case by one against the other, or
in a criminal case for a crime committed by one against the other or latters direct descendant or
ascendants.
4.

Yes, if the child has been abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation by his own father.