Republic of the Philippines

Laguna State Polytechnic University

Province of Laguna

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

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LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

LSPU Self-Paced Learning Module (SLM)

Course ICT 101 Introduction to Computing
Sem/AY First Semester/2020-2021
Module No. 4-5
Lesson Title Internet and the World Wide Web, Number System
Week
7-9
Duration
Date
This lesson will discuss the computer system, its components, and the different types
Description of software. This lesson will also provide activities and exercises that will practice the
of the students’ competence on ICT through their profession.
Lesson

Learning Outcomes
Intended Students should be able to meet the following intended learning outcomes:
Learning ● Demonstrate understanding on the computer system
Outcomes ● Identify the different types of software
● Explain the significance of each of the components of the computer system
Targets/ At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
Objectives ● Recognize Information Technology as a tool for the industry
● enumerate the history and evolution of computer
● discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using computers
● select instructional materials

Student Learning Strategies

Online Activities A. Online Discussion via Google Meet

(Synchronous/ You will be directed to attend in a Four-Hour class discussion on the
Internet and the World Wide Web, Number System. To have access to
Asynchronous) the Online Discussion, refer to this link: ____________________.

The online discussion will happen on September 7 and 14, 2020, from
7:00-9:00AM.

(For further instructions, refer to your Google Classroom and see the
schedule of activities for this module)

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

B. Learning Guide Questions:

1. What are the non-projected materials that can be used in
teaching-learning process?
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of these non-projected
materials?
3. How these non-projected materials can enhance the effectiveness of
teaching process?

Note: The insight that you will post on online discussion forum using Learning Management
System (LMS) will receive additional scores in class participation.

Lecture Guide
Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee (born 8 June 1955), also known as TimBL, is an English
computer scientist best known as the inventor of the World Wide Web. He is a Professorial
Fellow of Computer Science at the University of Oxford and a professor at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology (MIT). Berners-Lee proposed an information management system on
12 March 1989, then implemented the first successful communication between a Hypertext
Transfer Protocol (HTTP) client and server via the internet in mid-November.

You affect the world by what you browse.

Anyone who has lost track of time when using a computer knows the propensity to dream, the
urge to make dreams come true and the tendency to miss lunch.

The Web as I envisaged it, we have not seen it yet. The future is still so much bigger than the
past.

Offline Activities Basic Web-related Terms and Concepts

(e-Learning/Self-P The internet is a vast interconnection of computer networks that comprises millions of
aced) computing devices. Desktop computers, mainframes, smartphones, tablets, GPS units, video
game consoles, and smart devices all connect to the internet. No single organization owns or
controls the internet.

The World Wide Web, or web for short, is the space where digital content is served to users of
the internet. The web contains the most popular content on the internet and—most
likely—much of the content that beginning internet users ever see.

For a beginner who strives to make sense of the internet and the World Wide Web, an
understanding of basic terms is helpful.

Browser is a free software package or mobile app that displays web pages, graphics, and most
online content. Popular web browsers include Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Microsoft
Edge, and Safari, but there are many others.

Browser software is specifically designed to convert HTML and XML computer code into
human-readable documents.

Browsers display web pages. Each web page has a unique address called a URL.

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

Web page is what you see in a web browser when you are on the internet. Think of the web
page as a page in a magazine. You may see text, photos, images, diagrams, links, advertisements,
and more on any page you view.

Often, you click or tap on a specific area of a web page to expand the information or move to a
related web page. Clicking a link—a snippet of text that appears in a color that is different from
the rest of the text—takes you to a different web page. If you want to go back, use the arrows
provided for that purpose in most browsers.

Uniform Resource Locators—URLs—are the web browser addresses of internet pages and
files. With a URL, you can locate and bookmark specific pages and files in a web browser. URLs
may be listed at the bottom of business cards, on TV screens during commercial breaks, linked
in documents you read on the internet, or delivered by one of the internet search engines.

Sometimes URLs are longer and more complicated, but all follow acknowledged rules for
naming. URLs consist of three parts:

Protocol: The protocol is the portion ending in //:. Most web pages use the protocol http or
https, but there are other protocols.
Host: The host or top-level domain, which frequently ends in .com, .net, .edu, or .org but can
also end in one of many others that have been officially recognized.
Filename: The filename or page name.

HTTP is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, the data communication standard of web
pages. When a web page has this prefix, the links, text, and pictures should work correctly in a
web browser.

HTTPS is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. This indicates that the web page
has a special layer of encryption added to hide your personal information and passwords from
others. Whenever you log in to your online bank account or a shopping site that you enter
credit card information into, look for https in the URL for security.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the programming language of web pages. HTML
commands a web browser to display text and graphics in a specific fashion. Beginning internet
users don't need to know HTML coding to enjoy the web pages the programming language
delivers to browsers.

IP Address- Your computer and every device that connects to the internet uses an Internet
Protocol address for identification. In most cases, IP addresses are assigned automatically.

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

Beginners don't usually need to assign an IP address. An IP address can look something like
this:

202.3.104.55

Every computer, smartphone, and mobile device that accesses the internet is assigned an IP
address for tracking purposes. It may be a permanently assigned IP address, or the IP address
may change occasionally, but it is always a unique identifier.

Wherever you browse, whenever you send an email or instant message, and whenever you
download a file, your IP address serves as the equivalent of an automobile license plate to
enforce accountability and traceability.

You need an internet service provider (ISP) to get to the internet. You may access a free ISP at
school, a library, or work, or you may pay for a private ISP at home. An ISP is the company or
government organization that plugs you into the vast internet. For example: PLDT, Globe,
Smart, Converge etc.

An ISP offers a variety of services for a variety of prices: web page access, email, web page
hosting, and so on. Most ISPs provide various internet connection speeds for a monthly fee. You
may choose to pay more for a higher-speed internet connection if you like to stream movies or
select a less expensive package if you use the internet mostly for light browsing and email.

A router or router-modem combination is the hardware device that acts as the traffic cop for
network signals arriving at your home or business from your ISP. A router can be wired or
wireless or both.

A router provides a defense against hackers and directs content to the specific computer,
device, streaming device, or printer that should receive it.

Often your ISP provides the network router it prefers for your internet service. When it does,
the router is configured appropriately. If you choose to use a different router, you may need to
enter information into it.

Email is electronic mail. It is the sending and receiving of typewritten messages from one
screen to another. Email is usually handled by a webmail service—Gmail or Yahoo Mail, for
example—or an installed software package such as Microsoft Outlook or Apple Mail.

E-commerce is electronic commerce—the transactions of selling and buying online. Every day,
billions of dollars exchange hands through the internet and the World Wide Web.

Social media is the broad term for any online tool that enables users to interact with
thousands of other users. Facebook and Twitter are among the largest social networking sites.
LinkedIn is a combination of a social and professional site. Other popular sites include
YouTube, Instagram, Pinterest, Snapchat, Tumblr, and Reddit.

Encryption is the basis for how we use the internet as a pipeline to conduct trusted business,
like online banking and online credit card purchasing. When reliable encryption is in place,
banking information and credit card numbers are kept private.

Authentication is directly related to encryption. Authentication is the complex way that

computer systems verify that you are who you say you are.

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

Cloud computing began as a term to describe software that was online and borrowed, instead
of purchased and installed on a computer. Web-based email is one example of cloud computing.
The user's email is stored and accessed in the cloud of the internet.

Firewall is a generic term to describe a barrier against destruction. In the case of computing, a
firewall consists of software or hardware that protects a computer from hackers and viruses.

Malware is a broad term that describes any malicious software designed by hackers. Malware
includes viruses, Trojans, keyloggers, zombie programs, and other software that seeks to do
one of four things:

● Vandalize your computer in some way.

● Steal your private information.
● Take remote control of your computer (zombie your computer) for other ends.
● Manipulate you into purchasing something.

Phishing is the use of convincing-looking emails and web pages to lure you into typing your
account numbers and passwords or PINs. Often in the form of fake PayPal warning messages or
phony bank login screens, phishing attacks can be convincing to anyone who is not trained to
watch for the subtle clues.

A Blog is a modern online writer's column. Amateur and professional writers publish blogs on
all kinds of topics: their hobby interests in paintball and tennis, their opinions on health care,
their commentaries on celebrity gossip, photoblogs of favorite pictures, or tech tips on using
Microsoft Office. Absolutely anyone can start a blog.

A Vlog is a form of web television. Vlog entries often combine embedded video (or a video link)
with supporting text, images, and other metadata. Entries can be recorded in one take or cut
into multiple parts. Vlog category is popular on the video-sharing platform YouTube.

In recent years, “vlogging” has spawned a large community on social media, becoming one of
the most popular forms of digital entertainment. It is popularly believed that, alongside being
entertaining, vlogs can deliver deep context through imagery as opposed to written blogs.

Criteria for Evaluating Web Resources

Challenges of Web resources

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

● Use of Hypertext Links

● Use of Frames
● Search Engines can retrieve pages out of context
● Marketing-Oriented Web Page
● Blending of Entertainment, Information and Advertising
● Software requirements may limit access
● Instability of Web pages
● Susceptibility of Web pages to alteration

Number System
A numeral system is a writing system for expressing numbers; that is, a mathematical notation
for representing numbers of a given set, using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner.
The same sequence of symbols may represent different numbers in different numeral systems.

Decimal Number System

The Decimal number system is a number system of base or radix equal to 10, which means that
there are 10, called Arabic numerals, symbols used to represent number : 0, 1, 2, 3,…….,9 ,
which are used for counting.

To represent more than nine units, we must either develop additional symbols or use those we
have in combination. When used in combination, the value of the symbol depends on its
position in the position in the combination of symbols. We refer to this as positional notation
and refer to the position as having a weight designated as units, tens, hundreds, thousands, and
so on.

The units symbol occupies the first position to the left of the decimal point is represented as
100. The second position is represented as 101, and so forth. To determine what the actual
number is in each position, take the number that appears in the position, and multiply it by
10X, where x is the power representation.

This is expressed mathematically of the first five positions as

104 103 102 101 100
Ten thousands, thousands, hundreds, tens, units

For example the value of the combination of symbols 435 is determined by adding the weight
of each position as
4 x 10²+ 3 x 10¹+ 5 x 10⁰

Which can be written as

4 x 100 + 3 x 10 + 5 x 1
Or 400 + 30 + 5 = 435

The position to the right of the decimal point carry a positional notation and corresponding
weight as well. The exponents to the right of the decimal point are negative and increase in
integer steps starting with-1. This is expressed mathematically for each of the first four
positions as; 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4

Binary Number System

In mathematics and digital electronics, a binary number is a number expressed in the base-2
numeral system or binary numeral system, which uses only two symbols: typically "0" and "1".
The base-2 numeral system is a positional notation with a radix of 2. Each digit is referred to as
a bit. Our computers and circuits use a number set, -binary system. The binary system tells the
computers and circuits which wires need to be on and which needs to be off. Binary system

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

uses two digits, so each column is worth twice the one before. ( 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128,
256…)

Binary and Decimal Correspondence

An easy way to remember that how to write a binary sequence such as in the above table for a
four-bits example is as follows:
1. The right most column in the binary number begins with a 0 and alternate each bit.
2. The next column begin with two O's and alternate every two bits.
3. The next column begin with four 0's and alternate every four bits.
4. The next column begin with eight-O's and alternate every eight bits.
It is seen that it takes at least four bits from 0 to 15. The formula to Count the decimal number
with n bits, beginning with zero is:
Highest decimal number = 2n – 1
for example, with two bits we can count the decimal number from 0 to 3 as,
22 – 1 = 3

Binary to Decimal Conversion

Since we are programmed to count in the decimal number system, it is only natural that we
think in terms of the decimal equivalent value when we see a binary number. The conversion

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

process is straight forward and is done as follows: Multiply binary digit (1 or 0) in each
position by the weight of the position and add the results. The following examples explain the
process.

Decimal to Binary Conversion

It is frequently necessary to convert decimal numbers to equivalent binary numbers. To
convert a decimal whole number to an equivalent number in a new base, the decimal number is
repeatedly divided by the new base. For the case of interest here, the new base is 2, hence the
repeated division by 2. Repeated division by 2 means that the original number is divided by 2,
the resulting quotient is divides by 2, and each resulting quotient thereafter is divided by 2
until the quotient is 0. The remainder resulting from each division forms binary number. The
first remainder to be produced is called the least significant bit (LSB) and the last remainder is
called most significant bit (MSB).

When converting decimal fraction to binary, multiply repeatedly by 2 any fractional part. The
equivalent binary number is formed from the 1 or 0 in the units position. The following
examples illustrate the procedure.

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

Binary Addition
Binary addition is performed in the same way as addition in the decimal-system and is, in fact,
much easier to master. Binary addition obeys the following four basic rules:

The results of the last rule may seem some what strange, remember that these are binary
numbers. Put into words, the last rule states that
binary one + binary one = binary two = binary "one zero"
When adding more than single-digit binary number, carry into, higher order columns as is done
when adding decimal numbers. For example 11 and 10 are added as follows:

When we add 1 + 1.+ 1 (carry) produces 11, recorded as 1 with a carry to the next
column

Binary Subtraction
Binary subtraction is just as simple as addition subtraction of one bit from another obey the
following four basic rules
0–0=0
1 – 1 =0
1–0=1
10 – 1 = 1 with a transfer (borrow) of 1.

When doing subtracting, it is sometimes necessary to borrow from the next higher-order
column. The only it will be necessary to borrow is when we try to subtract a 1 from a 0. In this
case a 1 is borrowed from the next higher-order column, which leaves a 0 in that column and
creates a 10 i.e., 2 in the column being subtracted. The following examples illustrate binary
subtraction.

Part (c) involves to borrows, which handled as follows. Since a 1 is to be subtracted from a 0 in
the first column, a borrow is required from the next higher-order column. However, it also

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

contains a 0; therefore, the second column must borrow the 1 in the third column. This leaves a
0 in the third column and place a 10 in the second column. Borrowing a 1 from 10 leaves a 1 in
the second column and places a 10 i.e, 2 in the first column:

When subtracting a larger number from a smaller number, the results will be negative. To
perform this subtraction, one must subtract the smaller number from the larger and prefix the
results with the sign of the larger number.

Engaging Activities
A. Shade the words that are related computer components. Put your
answers on the space provided.

B. Although a valuable instructional tool in the classroom, the Internet

does come with some real dangers. Keeping in mind a few simple
precautions will help protect students from potential dangers. List 5
safety tips to avoid getting into trouble online (and offline)

1.

2.

3.

4.

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

5.

Performance Tasks

PT 1

Directions: Create an inforgraphic concerning Digital Etiquette or Commandments of Computer

Ethics. Example:

PT 2

Directions: Convert the following Decimal numbers to Binary number and vice versa:
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

1. 3610= ___________________2
2. 51210=__________________2
3. 86410=__________________2
4. 205610=_________________2
5. 409610=_________________2
6. 1112=______________________________10
7. 1011012=__________________________10
8. 11011112=________________________10
9. 10111010102=____________________10
10. 111101110111012=_______________10
Understanding Directed Assessment
Reflection Paper General Instructions:
Throughout the semester, you will be asked to write reflections on every module. The
format of these reflections will be consistent throughout the semester; you will be asked to
write a three-paragraph reflection with each paragraph answering one of the following
questions:

What?
So what?
What now?

Let’s clarify the expectations for each of those paragraphs…

The What? paragraph is your opportunity to describe in clear and concise language what
you did during reading the material. This paragraph is your chance to practice writing in a
form consistent with a methods section for reflecting the learning material. This means that
you should offer just enough detail that the reader understands what you did without so
much detail that the key points are lost. If you keep the length of this paragraph to 3-4
sentences, you should be in the right zone.

The So what? paragraph moves from description to analysis. What did you learn from this
module? Why is it important? Why does it matter? This paragraph does not have a
particular format; it is really about your thoughts and assessment. Communicate your ideas
clearly and, where appropriate, use examples from the activity to support your ideas.

The What now? paragraph is your chance to think ahead. What did you learn from this
activity that might be useful for your future? How might you use the ideas or techniques
discussed for your own research? If you do not think the ideas or activities relate to your
future modules, say that and explain why.

For all three paragraphs, you are welcome to use either first- or third-person voice. Because
these are
personal reflections, we would expect you to use first person, but if you are more
comfortable writing in the third person, that is acceptable as well.

You are expected to complete the reflection paper and then the remaining modules. In
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

other words, you get two free weeks during the semester. You can decide when you want to
take them.

Learning Resources

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology