F. TRANSCENDENTAL FUNCTIONS 4 lnwerse Fnetions avd. Thue Dertectiues Definthen! A faction iS ont-fo-one on a domain D if fim)= fla) D “A=. A Patton yetix) 1S one-torene iff ond only rf its geoph miercts each horizentol tine ot most — once. oe Definition Inverse. Finction, Suppose thot f 7s 2 one-to-one fiuction on a domoin D with range R. The invese Rattion fi is define! by fi (a= b rg $tb)=a, Domain #128, Renge FED, The Deivadue Rule fo Inveres 12 8 het cn miened T aa domoun and f/x) exists ond is) newer zero oon T, they fis differrtable of every pomt in its demon, The Value of (ey ee tb in the domain of =f! iS the veciprocad off’ at Hie potit a= f(b): : Flad=b (#'/Q)=2 ——— (Fm) or df! oe de dk 'x=b eet) aExangie Let fixjo x2 Finck Hue value of af! g dx at Xe6= witha fiwdlng 4 fomuta for $b), ae = 7 = djem _ 4 oH 7 & d oft ay" - om a Me Litue. \ 72 Nodureld. — Lagorithmas, ew Def. Lanne . Lat iS x Keds awe if pies ee ——— 4 x Defintker: The Number © : The number @ is thot number m flu! domeun of the nerbocdl Logarithen. souh's Fyiny dnteyed, cs at _d (Ldte tL dL tya)= 1 meoute fi lox= $$ = 7 “ddan ER cy te Cluotnn Rule, . ue tele alse a fl dx — a 4 ee ory dx ta(es) an we cl hu oe a Llax)e% ={,--- Be =2 Ja = —_ te 2 : t+) = 2 J 4((B) = 0%). CcProperties of Logoithms 1, Lnlax)= tuat Ox z 4G. da yh a Paax ce ratonok t.(t)= bal — dake Lux 2, dg (Hq tua — 2x x Poet of Hd talox)=e L, a tox= LS Mnlax)= Onxt dx x dk x Xe1: face ated c=&q > La (ax) = Paat far Pepchey 2 tox’ 1. Gxt ats + (ntex) dx xe x dx 5 guise teres eas coo tix") =rtax ce A> tim fome fy Ban tenn bode Be dad =n ted Kon. > Ln San —@ X>-09 Rengp = 6210) 3 Domain = (0,0) 9X = “iat x>° = t — The btegredd {Adu uo: {4es- ett C: joe fae Te gewens Anal“ uw) te mu fal ates ctatale Ww 6c “ i: : i 2% x= j ke = tau | yeX-S dus2xck x-5 uw -5 2 -5 Keo > Ue > = Aal-tp— Qal-s)=-&S xed uel a ue x5 Reo nus ze dye 2xdY oyna suse! -{s 0 2 &+ | tox dx= Sunk dre [Mes - bi Jeaswlt co tfocex | 4C 4 Xw Cos Ua ix : f cotnelx = (ad J du = tals tC dug -sinede sux & ue Smnme dogorithmse Dr fferr tation Se oor Fd = OYE (ts Day” 1 Lny= etl + > ba (x3) — 1) ye QR gle Ae deh ‘s VC x43. —_ - — Examgles abs ( sess) Ye o Ulr43) I 4 d \ 4 4 ees 0, ( ta lbox)) = * Biep. (ence ee A (ta dx . ) Qnltnx) % ) Qaltax) Ox 6 oe A Xn x alban) © 4 ty (secOt dnb). tmOseeOt x0 _ gee , see + to8 « 2 oy ( Vanbeos8 ) a taonB tacesd — tn (44 2408)] WN 142608 ee 2 a = Lb wtd - bt8~ 5 C14 2008) as A Mpaxcdt © 5 cou oe eee) eC a fe mee dx (241 ) (2043)db (baltix) ) = aw a bn (tax ) - vlA by (sec8+ttan) = (se c+ tend) rea sec ttan& = tanO secD + sec § eco (ted + «c8) Sece +t fend SCO r fen = Sec L { gecx dx= Ly, [secO tte l +c = bld4 ¢ fscex de = (seca. seext tre Ye =Oyloen BCX ttre Fane} 2 - | sec x + seca lore Jy = ussecx + fane : dy duz (tene secx. LL ¥ ecx + tang + sectx ) olVsecadx = ba\ secx+tanx| + C Vcosec x Ax= — bn | corece + cope [tC lo How te 0 blay tls cesut )?| XOx4t)(x-2 ) 3 ule? 4 (x1 )C2xe3) J: Ly y = bol Xt) CK-2) Ket (xt) (2¥+42) lay = ft } tn + balae)) + Mn(x-2) - balx*ti)- tala WU { x at! a-2 xt) 2xt3 [xe ot 4 4 (x41 )C Uxt3) A + 4 + lt _ 2x _ 2 { . Gls w \\ wl- ~~, os I\73 The Fxpoentel Faction s Having coveloped tte theory of tee fnction nx, we introduce the exponentak — finetion, expx=e* as the inverse of “nx, Def. The Newel Exponential Furetion Ver xety id For euey real number ea Laika expr. Inverse Fas. for eX cud €nx em =k (all x>o) dne® =X (ott x) aro ond x , Def. Cewek Fxpawrtiad Furcting: For any numesss the expontatiood — faction with toe a is ar ex a tows ef Expouds for ex Mexico = 2 eng Bite 4. (ey eta (e")™ The clerivatie onl integro? of eX -1 anes peaks Ti oH fla) dxTheorem The Nuweere as a linnt ex Lin (44%) 0 Proof Bex) = bax, Pore £ £0) = Fim hero y £64) =1. K x90 x20 x = Fim LAn(lte) = Lime 2 (448) tn f Xxv0 X X%o > Bin 4x) 0 i 4) y ime (dex) Se; yet x0 “ es Om (44 +) yorec? The Pur Rule CGerernl Form ) Pooof! ony x>02 id nyhe dx n eR. : T=) de (2+ Sin3x) = mt. (2+sn2x). aK a coer") e268) eriscen) xty xty Ayres! (4ay! oe o Baye er > a ‘J Tie 4 . f (ae?) corectodo = { w (du) = ly 2\4 ie DIY — axe Reod this yousel: Fth)- $4) = tin, FC) -F0) 2 fim tn (44x) - On x tig (as) = 0 Bie, Bcos3x usis et? du =- come ble ot > uslte ead eas uel 9-35 é: j= de=z fa (trem )+C F Axe . occ sete™ Jolye rt l(deer) +C + ater ee, ae. yy . (e Le é (a*)=-a Sao. BY aX oo Log, 2 {e; 1 et Cae IP a0 ond u Bs a diffeehable a x, the ot ps x : a ond att fer 8 hn ole dx x gee o. os daa ean a” knoe also apply te 4 ae Chota Mule Ok Sunk gmx diay tists > Spe con tos tat he ee dx tuk “fe 2° conde f 2" duc tee Cae © mr Laie Definthay For ory posite numer ad, Hog, X is tue Mvete function of 0%. \nvese Ais | qit%= oo dog a% = %. (ettx)S\s ea L 2 e* = (z2)° e* =2xe* 4 oe ™™ © (tmx) eo K a — tan. => - sec xn € a 1G ‘ o gale) (6°) ainle*) - (-20e° ) sin (eo ) ’ (cosu) =- u' shuztY dy fn (x-y )=e oe §=9(%) . dx y x+Y RK [xty) e x-Y xt 4 1.4 xX. 4 U+y')e “s a*dJ 1p *4 d ~ ayili © | e-*< 4 Us {+e% - (# 1+e™ “ duze~dx ( ove XH - d&lule C= Bl r+e*ltc 1+e* @® 2 - _ 14e% dn = { 1 eF de ex -((«- o£ )deo x - On (140 dee a (te (ede a 14+e~ e~(1+e™) ent du=-€ de _ ( -4o = - ele +c =< -b(4te*) +e4 % (e* dus e+e a” ous a" J 4 Za t < | O | toga Xy= M4axt t4Q¥ tog. t= — Aha y Log ade ya % tet, $= bog, 5 fea 4 ca d oa du fd, Fag. ( tog, u) = a == a (tots a A (hog uje = 6 deal a hao ove ae Gen= 2—- + bus 2x tax dx eee xt) dal We Dnt . a : { 2on axe j feo Bs leer acass(e cH) x mn X 4nd oy ax Rak . yeux) > Lny = tax. Sa(4nx) ---- dy 2) eS " DIY (f 2 ace fa 214 aie otal) 4 Ke dk 2K i 1 Bnd y Di ake Se 3 (444- —to8 4c = -e8_ 40 oe = nk x (4x) ax” x. a08 uw uw eX 4FF Invese Trigonometric Finetions 4 Domain restrictions thot make the trigonometric fnctionS one-to- one and the graphs of the faverse Factors Function —_Dorrarn —” Ronaee Graph Inverse Finction & Graph. sx 5) Lat) CoeX lox) (4.1) dane (3 /h) 2 Cor) ot ta?) (0) y secx ORE CoD), yacosee ® 1% De R\ (Hh) Re CEE}Definition. yx cid’ is the mumber in (3,2) far ubich ongex, 10 ys cos! Perera ” in [on] for whith “aYy=X. sin, x cos'x Tale us WBl2 | W/E are Cos, R/2 Ud Bz] nYy & > Bees jer /e ara] ys oe = ° oO} nya -4 | oot “te | anys a e ~My Gh ay arc Sin, oa ade -Bl2] st, |dertities involving Aresme ond Are Cosine + Cod'x + cos (Ky = TH + sin'x + coS'x = W2 © sta (-x) = — sivi'x Definition y= ton’x is the number in (3,7) for which tmy=X. ye Cot'x is the number jn (oT) For whith wty=x. s _% ton x. Bf 26 aT hielo % wt z 2 Ty 3 6 Te a -/B aie js a ei wait i ieee “18 am/3 os -1)3 “| ee -B sn/¢ Identities: torn '(-x) = - ton 'x wi" (x) = c08'($)= B-sm'( 4)d= sin ow => yl. ? wa sin biffeantak wrt x: {= 4’ cos a KS 4 sine eL2,1] 2 d © og => ws ZO a ‘ l ———— + |—(sray Jt xt41 * ot tan ‘x= — Ax It x* Prove this (+)The Dervodive of y=sm 44 yssin x > wesmy > feylasy > y’=—+—= 4 oosy FV Asiny 7? gin'x is dephaad on [-4 1], ancl © we expect ft fo be defreatiable on (11), if A 0 for x (-4,1). 4. 1 a de eet 4 | e=tny > toy! (44 tony) y At Xx ee, eee dx pea: The Desivatie of yaseeu ye sede > xsseey > day’ tmyseey Domains R\(-41) , Rowe = CORINLES ae 1 4 +4 a tony seey ; sey (t¥sety-1) KX] Pes pase ap vy! >? for ah oe € doweuns > de Bee 9: rire Sets eee, Tu ox ful f=)Denvetives of He star three Invese Ruction— lnuese Co fimckion Iclertities ds -! -! - -! -) =! wos x= K~ sin'x cof'x= D~ ex cove x= T- v0d x 2 gre eye 2 (Ze sintx\ eet e (cos'x = oF (2 sink) = View Deivatiues sf He invese trgownutric finctong 2 situs ee met ax age Ss cos'ue -Sldn jui<4 dx =u a tees ox ature eas tage — du/lx dx atue pach sthiate, Rut | dx (ul Vr=r Ble ope a NOR \ lod 2 tut Vw lntegretion. Formulas 5 ae = sit'(+)+¢ (Valid for vear) Var yr ( ae tw (ee (Valid fer atl 1t) es a aur Se = 4 wi!|e|+e (Vatid for [ul > ayo )13 Framples ; dx = { H——- | dx/3 fos fer | Var) (ey ao ~ (i + ( ele = ls) 46 Vaxex® 4 (k-2)" te (2y =f2x ° lb = | ee : u=\2 [ait titar OF. 4 VE ome te] G = =| eur oe wei ((Ex)* | dx é | dx | te ox. - uszard (3 x4 X4] (ro) e Fale S0+d)'] cate B -4{ ax nd: B ole v (ere PD ee ue Nees ae et : (= 2 uzex = uy, =| olu. 6 dus ex ue-6 afi? ~+ se! [uj+e a= Ve a a = dee cer (0%) 1G "ae ceExercises 14 -! tim, sin'x2 TZ Lim cos'x= TE Loon fon xT or xo 5 : a) Bon corse yn tome cow y=0 in, seé'x2 B Law EX a eas er x30 bac 4 5 d_ cos Ot) = 8X 2 on ats aoa kei) i= oe dt f1— att J toc! (4t) = eee oth (bs. a7 aE ie 1+ ort d0 At 4? y me qe 32 (ax) a = ie cori! (e+) = Re ae et | er My € ety § ae 4 ton (Lut) | eA : 7 t(4rePe) A 4 : carer us cl 4 = = p, Vi- (M+) = at ae farue —yt 4 dus a8 = (* ae ee } 4— ut 2 ays +s ste" dus tone] / Ty 4 = 8-4 Size je. dx zine Viext ws - 20x = fle —dsmxte Pane ae ie Vet onZ0rea2 Deer. gre x-rshat ylo)=78 Hyperbolic Finctions 19 Eur ad Odd Pets of He Fxporvtiol Raction fo) EO)+ PX) 4 POI FO) & g 2 X -* x ay, en £75. gees a 2 ener port odd port ’ the oi teste: hyperbolic finetions we ie sit a: sinhe=er€ Hyper bali sine of ae x thyberbolic cesme of ws coshns SHE” : 2 ox Hyperbolic torment 5 donhy = smc. ee oe feat can e%e~ Hypertelic cotngar . x cothx= coshX - eX+€ smhe eX en* ; ; : Site Hyper bic sent > seche= 2 oer S covvcont, coechk=1-- A Hypé-bolic Ga k Faken gee Aelelertites for Hyperbolic Finetions 46 1, Gosh®x- Sinh’x= { 4, coshx= Coshax+! 2 2. Sinh 2x= 2Smhx Coshx 5S. sinh’, = _cosh2x—) 2 3, Cosh ax= cosh’ + sinh?x 6. 1- fonh?y = seh" x Ba cothtn= — comch'x Proofs 1 Direct ver Frcedtion. ax 42x Be css) (exces ee whe Yet) . ashe coun 2 2 -2) eye ti gree 2 letnes) 2) - 2 Genk x f 2 2 a tate") 4 = usmhix +1 Te Taaag = chtx+ th'x +4 bts» Fellows fom #3. & Jo. dotixe 1- SUK. esech'x et chx . 2 -/ = —Gosech"x #o t—athx= f- aes BekDeivatives endl Integroke © dF S sinhus 2 dnt a ole [ smbudus coshat C a coshu = du sly = cosht = a sinh i fe ence e a hus ye sech'y | secttude = tyhutc dk dk cothys te come { corel uda = —cothute dx dk a gechy = -du igh sechu fish sechudu = — sechut C dx & compels = Hes cal cach { csehaco thud = — esha dx aX Frameles « {sith axdxe? u ‘ oR tah Vite = oi sech Vaee + [ 6cosh( s- ~€n3)dx2? aus a ech (E jon dete? ‘ [ coth SAX = ( ehBede = 4 (dus 1b [clot C smh SK S uM Ss 1 1 . | sinh x dx = [ coshax a) dye 4 (4 sontx-¥) =shh 4 2a 2 ae. q 2 ° Oo tnd bn2 + (et Suhxae= | yer (eke) = 3-242 0 ° _ 4 [erlsishv)-4 wthv]- chy -1 2. hy. (~casech \ ae inhv ) cf } fy fe cothy. (—caeeh'v ) [ehwde= f+ ;, dks ate She cn aie e+e ( -Uz, weede =? e ae (x) dna?Invese Hyper bolic. Reactions Ys sin hose x= sinhy sinks RAS RK co ai snk: RR a chy — = ses ye corte x= Ghy ‘oahe Loo) 3 [4, ») aa y'siohy =! fe L wk's Loa) ahem) YE) ye = er qs fonhi'x x= tonhyy toh: RES C-Wit) Aa yf geeky ah as ee fous (41) > R De any” xt i ye see K e=sechy Af F gach > L0,8) “> (0/4] aay (—tabysedy) oh: (0,4) > Lo») od FY fraehy seehy 4 fa ie a vieDei vatives col Indegrofs =P |neese Hyper boli Finchong 19 4 sin hear rol id dx dx igae ot csh'us de 4 us| eS oe YH dhs 4 te. luted dx dx 4-u> 2 othus de 1 jul>l dx dx {-ue 4 geck' y= _—au/dx ocuc| ax uVva-ur di cosech us adufde ue dx (ul V4 eu | du__ = smh'( “)+e a>o Vabtut | lu Sate ( ous) $6... Mare oo Oo u—at -) x au Adak (“)tc Fue \ lu = din Gs) aS i Pierce: Ee eee a | a meee geek! (4)4C O< UE uVva-ur % = J du. eel corer! | | + uto od a>o {4 j = ox { ex = 2 (c dx een OV 3+ dnt Bee) Bs eer | ew 4 1 , * a ay fe du__ = emhu E S tue x20 Vet eS = V(g)|! Beek! & )- 0.99665 = smk'(Ex)| = ant! ER )-0 % 8 see 4 - -! fee tal [Pe deh C4) - tole (2) = dal 4-¥€ ° a 4 sh ke 4+ 4 dx atk RII 4 wsh'(e)2 e* t= ax , (era - s vty. _C-2y) 4 (cd'y — y seelat = tL - eh yg: Be er io 1 tonk'Cotho)= eee O _ -axect@ 4 d8 {oth 6 = shpat wie Idevtities for invese hyperbole fnctions, geen #= co'( + ) coseeh'#= sinh’ (4) ot! x = tok! (4)Inuese Hyperbolres a Towa sf He Logeritwe 2 Sin w= tn (xt UH) ~w] 2 ad = es a hice ya coeeh % > = cosechy = ae = 3 ot eyo: e Y x pe et EP eed) a = de 4+ 4x |: Af ag 2 fax 24 [ x se | + nH AtK e a cf Ee Vi+xt 3 qeta( it Txt ) 4 ® 3] ® |x]