Degasser DG 2.

1S
Instructions

HPLC
Document No. V6880
 Note:  For your own safety, read the instructions and observe the warn-
ings and safety information on the device and in the instructions. Keep
the instructions for future reference.

Note:  In case you require this instruction in another language, please

submit your request including the corresponding document number via
e-mail or fax to KNAUER.

Support: Do you have questions about the installation or the operation of your
instrument or software?
International Support:
Contact your local KNAUER partner for support:
www.knauer.net/en/Support/Distributors-worldwide

Support in Germany
(Austria & Switzerland on case-to-case basis):
Phone: +49 30 809727-111 (workdays 9-17h CET)
Fax : +49 30 8015010
Email: support@knauer.net

Publisher: KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH

Hegauer Weg 38
14163 Berlin
Germany
Phone: +49 30 809727-0
Fax: +49 30 8015010
Internet: www.knauer.net
E-Mail: info@knauer.net

Version information: Document number: V6880

Version number: 4.0
Release date: 2021/03/26
Translation of the original edition
The information in this document is subject to change
without prior notice. For the latest version of the instructions,
visit our website: www.knauer.net/library.

Sustainability: The printed versions of our instructions are printed according to

Blue Angel standards (www.blauer-engel.de/en/uz195).

Copyright: This document contains confidential information and may not be

reproduced without written consent of KNAUER Wissenschaftliche
Geräte GmbH.

© KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH 2021

All rights reserved.

AZURA® is a registered trademark of

KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH.


Table of contents
1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 About these instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Signal words. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 Additional typographical conventions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.4 Legal information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.4.1 Liability limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.4.2 Transport damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.4.3 Warranty conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.4.4 Warranty seal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.4.5 Declaration of conformity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Basic safety instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1 Intended use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1.1 Operating ranges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1.2 Foreseeable misuse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 User qualification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.3 Operator responsibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.4 Personal safety equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.5 Safety features on the device. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.6 Working with solvents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.6.1 General requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.6.2 Contamination by health-threatening solvents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.6.3 Avoiding leakage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.7 Specific environments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.7.1 Earthquake-endangered areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.7.2 Explosive environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.7.3 Cooling room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.7.4 Wet room. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.8 Maintenance, care and repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.9 Service request form and decontamination report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3. Product information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.1 Device overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.2 Symbols and signs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.3 Scope of delivery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.4 Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.5 Degassing Principle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.6 Eluents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

AZURA® DG 2.1S Instructions, V6880



4. Unpacking and setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

4.1 Unpacking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.2 Ambient conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.2.1 Operation site. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.2.2 Ambient temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.2.3 Space requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.3 Power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Power supply requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Power supply cables and plugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5. Initial startup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.1 Screw fitting of the solvent tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.2 Solvent tube connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.3 Connecting degasser and pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.4 Switching on the degasser. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.5 Purging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.6 Leak test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.7 Switching off the degasser. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.7.1 Short-term switch-off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.7.2 Long-term switch-fff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6. Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6.1 Possible problems and rectifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
7. Maintenance and care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7.1 Maintenance contract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7.2 Cleaning and caring for the device. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7.3 What to do if the degasser is leaking?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7.4 Tightening screw fittings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7.5 Preventative measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
8. Disposal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
9. Technical data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
10. Chemical compatibility of wetted materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
10.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
10.2 Plastics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
10.3 Non-metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
10.4 Metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
11. Accessories and spare parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
11.1 Device and accessories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

AZURA® DG 2.1S Instructions, V6880

 1

1. General
1.1 About these instructions
These operating instructions enable the safe and efficient operation of
the device. The user must have carefully read and understood these
operating instructions before starting any work.
The basic prerequisite for safe operation is compliance with all safety
instructions (see “2 Basic safety instructions”, p. 3). In addition to the
safety and warning instructions in these operating instructions, the local
accident prevention regulations and the national industrial safety regula-
tions apply.
These operating instructions are an integral part of the device. It must be
kept in the immediate vicinity of the device and accessible to the user at
all times.
You can download these and other instructions from the KNAUER web-
site: www.knauer.net/library

1.2 Signal words

Possible dangers related to the device are distinguished in personal and
material damages.

Symbol Meaning
DANGER (red) indicates a highly hazardous situa-
tion. If not avoided, it will result in death or serious
injury.

WARNING (orange) indicates a hazardous situa-

tion. If not avoided, it could result in death or
serious injury.

CAUTION (yellow) indicates a moderate hazardous

situation. If not avoided, it could result in minor or
moderate injury.

NOTICE (blue) is used to address issues which are

not related to physical injury.

1.3 Additional typographical conventions

Note: Specific information are prefixed with the word “Note” and an
information icon.

Note:  This is an example.

1.4 Legal information

1.4.1 Liability limitation
The manufacturer is not liable for the following issues:

AZURA® DG 2.1S Instructions, V6880

2 General

ƒ Non-compliance of these instructions

ƒ Non-observance of necessary safety precautions
ƒ Improper use
ƒ Operation of the device by unqualified personnel (see “2.2 User quali-
fication”, p. 3)
ƒ Use of non-approved spare parts
ƒ Technical changes by the user such as opening the device and unau-
thorized modifications
ƒ Violations of General Terms and Conditions (GTC)

1.4.2 Transport damage

The packaging of our devices provides the best possible protection
against transport damage. However, check the packaging for transport
damage. In case you notice any damage, inform the Technical Support
and the shipping company within three workdays.

1.4.3 Warranty conditions

For information on warranty please refer to our general terms and condi-
tions on the website: www.knauer.net/terms

1.4.4 Warranty seal

A blue or orange warranty seal is affixed to some devices.

ƒ A blue seal is used by KNAUER’s Manufacturing or Customer Support

for devices to be sold.
ƒ After repair, service technicians attach an orange seal onto the identi-
cal position.
After repair, the service technician affixes an orange seal in the same
place. If unauthorised persons tamper with the device or if the seal is
damaged, the warranty will lapse.

1.4.5 Declaration of conformity

The declaration of conformity is enclosed as a separate document with
the product and can be obtained online:
www.knauer.net/en/Support/Declarations-of-conformity

AZURA® DG 2.1S Instructions, V6880

 3

2. Basic safety instructions

The device has been developed and constructed in such a way that haz-
ards arising from its intended use are largely excluded. Nevertheless, the
following safety instructions must be observed in order to exclude residu-
al hazards.

2.1 Intended use

Only use the device for applications that fall within the range of the
intended use. Otherwise, the protective and safety equipment of the
device could fail.

2.1.1 Operating ranges

The device is intended to be used indoors for chromatographic
applications.

2.1.2 Foreseeable misuse

Refrain from the use of the device for the following purposes or
conditions:
ƒ Medical purposes. The device is not approved as a medical product.
ƒ Operating outdoors. Otherwise, the manufacturer does not guarantee
the functionality and safety of the device.
ƒ Operation in potentially explosive areas without special and addition-
al explosion protection. Contact the KNAUER Customer Support for
more information.

2.2 User qualification

The users are qualified to handle the device if all of the following points
apply:
ƒ They have at least a basic knowledge of liquid chromatography.
ƒ They have knowledge about the properties of the used solvents and
their health risks.
ƒ They are trained for the special tasks and activities in the laboratory
and know the relevant standards and regulations.
ƒ Due to their technical training and experience, they can under-
stand and carry out all the work described in the operating instruc-
tions on the instrument and recognize and avoid possible dangers
independently.
ƒ Their ability to react is not impaired by the consumption of drugs,
alcohol or medication.
ƒ They have participated in the installation of an instrument or training
by KNAUER or an authorized company.
If users do not meet these qualifications, they must inform their
supervisors.

AZURA® DG 2.1S Instructions, V6880

4 Basic safety instructions

2.3 Operator responsibility

The operator is any person who operates the device himself or leaves it to
a third party for use and who bears the legal product responsibility for the
protection of the user or third parties during operation.
The obligations of the operator are listed below:
ƒ Know and follow the applicable work safety regulations
ƒ Identify hazards arising from the working conditions at the place of use
in a risk assessment.
ƒ Set up operating instructions for the operation of the device.
ƒ Regularly check whether the operating instructions correspond to the
current status of the regulations.
ƒ Clearly regulate and specify responsibilities for installation, operation,
troubleshooting, maintenance and cleaning and set clear rules
ƒ Ensure that all personnel who work with the device have read and
understood these operating instructions
ƒ Train the personnel who work with the device at regular intervals and
inform them about the dangers.
ƒ Provide the necessary safety equipment to the employees working
with the unit (see section below).

2.4 Personal safety equipment

The protective measures required in the laboratory must be observed
and the following protective clothing worn during all work on the device:
ƒ Safety glasses with side protection
ƒ Protective gloves in accordance with the prevailing ambient conditions
and used solvents (e.g. heat, cold, protection against chemicals)
ƒ Lab coat
ƒ Personalised protective safety equipment which is specified in the
particular laboratory.

2.5 Safety features on the device

ƒ Power switch: Devices of the AZURA® L series may be switched off
using the power switch (toggle switch on the back side of housing) at
any time, this causes no damage to the device. To switch off devices of
the AZURA® S series, remove the plug from the power socket.
ƒ Front cover: Devices of the AZURA® L series have a front cover as a
splash protection for the user
ƒ Leak tray: Devices of the AZURA® L series have a leak tray on the front
side. The leak tray collects leaking solvents and protects components
from potential damage caused by discharging liquid.
ƒ Lamp: For the detectors AZURA DAD 2.1L, DAD 6.1L und MWD 2.1L,
the lamp switches off automatically when the cover is opened.

AZURA® DG 2.1S Instructions, V6880

 Basic safety instructions5

2.6 Working with solvents

2.6.1 General requirements
ƒ The user is trained for handling different solvents.
ƒ Note recommended solvents and concentrations in these instructions
in order to avoid personal injury or damage to the device. For exam-
ple, certain chemicals may cause PEEK capillaries to swell or burst (see
“10 Chemical compatibility of wetted materials”, p. 19).
ƒ Note that organic solvents are toxic above a certain concentration. For
handling hazardous solvents see the following section.
ƒ Mobile phases and samples may contain volatile or combustible sol-
vents. Avoid the accumulation of these substances. Ensure good ven-
tilation of the installation site. Avoid open flames and sparks. Do not
operate the instrument in the presence of flammable gases or vapors.
ƒ Only use solvents which do not self-ignite under given conditions. This
applies especially to the use of a thermostat where liquids could get
onto hot surfaces in the interior.
ƒ Degas solvents before use and observe their purity.

2.6.2 Contamination by health-threatening solvents

ƒ Contamination with toxic, infectious or radioactive substances poses
a hazard for all persons involved during operation, repair, sale, and dis-
posal of a device.
ƒ All contaminated devices must be properly decontaminated by a spe-
cialist company or the operating company before they can be recom-
missioned, repaired, sold, or disposed (see “8 Disposal”, p. 18).

2.6.3 Avoiding leakage

Risk of electrical shock or short circuit if solvents or other liquids leak into
the interior of the device. You can avoid a leakage through the following
measures:
ƒ Tightness: Visually check the device or system regularly for leaks.
ƒ Solvent tray: The use of a solvent tray prevents liquids get from the
bottles into the inside of the device.
ƒ Eluent lines: Install capillaries and hoses in such a way that, in case of a
leak, liquids cannot get into the interior of the devices underneath.
ƒ In case of leakage: Switch off the system. Only take the device into
operation if the cause of the leak has been resolved (see “7 Mainte-
nance and care”, p. 17).

2.7 Specific environments

2.7.1 Earthquake-endangered areas
In earthquake-endangered areas, do not stack more than 3 devices on
top of each other. Otherwise there is risk of injury due to falling devices
or loose parts.

AZURA® DG 2.1S Instructions, V6880

6 Basic safety instructions

2.7.2 Explosive environment

Never use the system in potentially explosive atmospheres without
appropriate protective equipment. For more information, contact the
KNAUER Customer Support.

2.7.3 Cooling room

You may operate the device in a cooling room. To prevent condensation,
note the following instructions:

ƒ Allow the device to acclimatize for min. 3 hours before taking it into
operation.
ƒ After taking into operation, the device should stay switched on.
ƒ Avoid temperature fluctuations.

2.7.4 Wet room

The device must not be operated in wet rooms.

2.8 Maintenance, care and repair

ƒ Avoiding electric shock: Before performing any maintenance and ser-
vice work, disconnect the device from the power supply.
ƒ Tools: Use only tools recommended or prescribed by the
manufacturer.
ƒ Spare parts and accessories: Only use original parts and accessories
made by KNAUER or a company authorized by KNAUER.
ƒ PEEK fittings: Use PEEK fittings only for a single port or brand-new
PEEK fittings in order to avoid dead volume or not exactly fitting
connections.
ƒ Column care: Follow KNAUER or other manufacturer’s instructions on
caring for the columns (see www.knauer.net/columncare)
ƒ Used capillaries: Do not use any used capillaries elsewhere in the
system in order to avoid dead volumes, not exactly fitting connections
and spreading contamination.
ƒ Safety features: The device may only be opened by the KNAUER Cus-
tomer Support of KNAUER or any company authorized by KNAUER
(see “1.4.1 Liability limitation”, p. 1).
ƒ For more information visit the KNAUER website:
www.knauer.net/hplc-troubleshooting

2.9 Service request form and decontamination

report
Devices which are shipped without the completed document “Service
request form and decontamination report” will not be repaired. If you
would like to return a device to KNAUER, make sure to enclose the com-
pleted document: www.knauer.net/servicerequest

AZURA® DG 2.1S Instructions, V6880

 7

3. Product information

3.1 Device overview

Description The degasser is a device for degassing eluents. On the front of the
device, there are 2 analytical degasser chambers with inlet and outlet
side, one bicolor LED and the exhaust port. Air and possibly solvent
vapors will be pumped out through the exhaust port. If necessary, it can
be combined with a fume hood or similar extraction devices. The ports
for ground and mains connection are located on the rear side of the
degasser.

Legend:
1 Exhaust port
2 LED
3 Outlets
1
4 Inlets
2
3

Fig. 1: Analytical 2-channel degasser front view

Legend:
1 CE mark
2 Serial number
3 Warning 1 1
4 Warning 2 2
5 Mains connection
for power supply with
power switch 3
6 Ground 4
5
6

Fig. 2: Analytical 2-channel degasser, rear view

Operating range Gases that have dissolved into the solvent can cause bubbles in pumps
and detectors. Good chromatographic separation therefore requires
degassing the solvent. The analytical 2-channel degasser DG 2.1S is

AZURA® DG 2.1S Instructions, V6880

8 Product information

equipped with two degassing chambers and can thus simultaneously

degas two solvents.
The device can be used in the following areas:
ƒ Biochemistry analyses
ƒ Chemical analyses
ƒ Food analyses
ƒ Pharmaceutical analyses
ƒ Environmental analyses
ƒ Chiral analyses
The degasser is, e. g., used at universities, research institutions, and rou-
tine laboratories.

3.2 Symbols and signs

The following symbols are located on the device:

Symbol Explanation

Electrostatic-discharge hazard.

Danger due to electric shock. Failure to observe

this warning may result in loss of life, serious
injury, or damage to or destruction of the
device.

Device fulfills the requirements of the Con-

formité Européenne, which is confirmed by the
Declaration of Conformity.

3.3 Scope of delivery

Note:  Only use original parts and accessories made by the manufacturer
or a company authorized by the manufacturer.

ƒ Degasser DG 2.1S plus user manual

ƒ Power unit, 24 V , 60 W
ƒ Accessory kit AZURA small devices‘
ƒ Accessory kit DG 2.1S

3.4 Features
ƒ Reliable and convenient degassing of up to two eluents at the same
time.
ƒ Teflon AF® allows high gas diffusion rates
ƒ Constant performance vacuum pump for high baseline stability

AZURA® DG 2.1S Instructions, V6880

 Product information9

ƒ Chamber volumes lower than 0.5 ml, thus fast eluent changes are
possible
ƒ Very good physical and chemical stability

3.5 Degassing Principle

While the solvent flows through the short Teflon AF® tubes, the dissolved
gases are removed from the solvent by means of a vacuum on the other
side of the membrane.

Fig. 3: Degassing principle

An integrated vacuum pump maintains a constant vacuum.

ƒ Structural properties of the Teflon AF® membrane accelerate the
degassing process.
ƒ The solvophobic and hydrophobic properties of Teflon AF® reduces
the risk of contamination when exchanging the solvent.
ƒ Thanks to the molecular structure of the Teflon AF® membrane, only a
very small surface is required for degassing the solvent. Thus the risk
of carryover during a solvent change is reduced.
The special pump design makes it possible to flush the pump head with
a small blast of air, to remove solvent fumes, which could escape from the
vacuum chamber.

AZURA® DG 2.1S Instructions, V6880

10 Product information

3.6 Eluents
Even small quantities of other substances, such as additives, modifiers, or
salts can influence the durability of the materials.

Note:  The list of selected solvents was compiled based on research in

the pertinent literature and is only a recommendation by the manufactur-
er. If there is any doubt, contact the technical support of the manufacturer.

Suitable eluents

ƒ Acetic acid, glacial ƒ Isopropanol

ƒ Acetone ƒ Methanol, anhydrous
ƒ Acetonitrile ƒ Methyl ethyl ketone
ƒ Buffers ƒ Methyl isobutyl ketone
ƒ Chlorobenzene ƒ Methyl tert-butyl ether
ƒ Chloroform ƒ N,N-Dimethylacetamide
ƒ Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) ƒ N,N-Dimethylformamide
ƒ Ethanol ƒ n-Propyl alcohol
ƒ Ether ƒ NMP (N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone)
ƒ Ethyl acetate ƒ Salt solutions (flush after use)
ƒ Heptane ƒ Tetrahydrofuran (THF)
ƒ Hexane ƒ Toluene
ƒ Water

Less suitable eluents

ƒ Methylene chloride
ƒ Diluted acids and bases (flush after use)
ƒ Slightly volatile eluents

Unsuitable eluents

ƒ Concentrated acids (≥1 mol/l) ƒ Hydro fluoro solvents

ƒ Concentrated bases (≥1 mol/l)
ƒ Eluents containing particles
ƒ Halogenated hydrocarbons,
e.g. Freon®
ƒ Hexafluorisopropanol
ƒ Hydrochloric acid
ƒ Perfluorinated eluents,
e.g. Fluorinert® FC-75, FC-40
ƒ Perfluorinated polyether,
e.g. Fomblin®
ƒ Sodium azide

AZURA® DG 2.1S Instructions, V6880

 11

4. Unpacking and setup

Before you determine the operation site, read the chapter “Technical
Data” (see chapter 9 on page 18). There you will find all device-specific
information on power supply, ambient conditions and humidity.

Note:  The intended use be ensured only if the requirements for ambient
conditions of the operating environment are met.

4.1 Unpacking
Store all packing materials. Packing list should be kept for repeat orders.

Note:  Contact Technical Customer Support if you notice any defects in

the delivery.

Tools Utility knife

Procedure 1. Check for damages caused during transportation. In case you

notice any damage, contact the technical support and the forwarder
company.
2. Setup the delivery so the label is in the correct position. Using the
utility knife, cut the adhesive tape. Open the delivery.
3. Remove the foam insert. Take out the accessories kit and the manual.
4. Open the accessories kit and take out all accessories. Check the
scope of delivery. In case any parts are missing, contact the technical
support.
5. Grip the device at its side panels and lift it out of the packaging.
6. Remove the foam inserts from the device.
7. Check for damages caused during transportation. In case you notice
any damage, contact the technical support.
8. Set up the device in its location.

Next steps ƒ Keep the included packing list for repeat orders.
ƒ Keep the original packaging for safe storage or transportation.

4.2 Ambient conditions

4.2.1 Operation site
Observe the following requirements for the operation site so that the
measurement results are not influenced:

ƒ Place on a firm, level and straight surface.

ƒ Protect against direct sunlight.
ƒ Do not expose to air drafts such as air conditioning systems.
ƒ Do not set up next to other machines that cause floor vibrations.
ƒ Keep from high frequency sources.
ƒ Ensure adequate ventilation (see chapter 4.2.3 on page 12).
ƒ Avoid temperature fluctuations (see chapter 4.2.2 on page 12).

AZURA® DG 2.1S Instructions, V6880

12 Unpacking and setup

4.2.2 Ambient temperature

If the ambient temperature of the device is abruptly changed (e.g. when
it is installed in a cooling chamber), condensation will form inside the
device and may cause damage to the device. Allow the device to accli-
mate for 3 h, before it is connected to the power supply and taken into
operation.

4.2.3 Space requirements

ƒ Make sure that the power plug on the power supply (wall socket or
power strip) is always accessible, so that the device can be disconnect-
ed from the power supply.
ƒ Ensure adequate ventilation around the device, otherwise it may over-
heat and malfunction:
- Min. 5 cm distance if another device is set on one side.
- Min. 10 cm distance if further devices are set on both sides.
- At least 15 cm to the cooler fan on the rear.
ƒ The mounting of a small device to an AZURA L device with a mounting
bracket does not affect the performance of either device. The space
requirements specified in both device instructions do not apply in this
case.

4.3 Power supply

Power supply requirements

ƒ Failure-free power supply: For failure-free operation, the electrical

voltage must be free of fluctuations, residual currents, voltage peaks
and electromagnetic interference. The device must receive sufficient
voltage and reserve capacity.
ƒ Check voltage: Only connect devices to a power supply whose voltage
corresponds to the permissible voltage of the device.
ƒ Power consumption: The nominal power of the connected devices
must not exceed 50 % of the highest connected power capacity, since
higher currents can flow briefly when the device is switched on.
ƒ Main connection: The electrical power supply at the operation site
must be connected directly to the nearest main power connection.
ƒ Grounding: The connectors for the voltage must be grounded
accordingly.

Power supply cables and plugs

ƒ Original parts: For power supply, use the supplied power cable and
plug to meet the specifications which are described in the chapter
“Technical Data” (see chapter 9 on page 18). Detachable power
cable cables are not allowed to be replaced with other cable types.
ƒ Country-specific plugs: Before switching on the device, check wheth-
er the supplied plug is approved for your country. Overview of the
device- and country-specific plug types from KNAUER:
www.knauer.net/plugs
ƒ Power strips: If several devices are connected to one power strip,
always consider the maximum power consumption of each device.

AZURA® DG 2.1S Instructions, V6880

 13

ƒ Access to power supply: Make sure that the power plug on the pow-
er supply (wall socket or power strip) is always accessible, so that the
device can be disconnected easily from the power supply.
ƒ Damaged power supply cables and plugs: For safety reasons, dam-
aged or faulty cables and plugs must not be used to connect the
device to the power supply. Replace defective cables and plugs only
with KNAUER accessories.

5. Initial startup

5.1 Screw fitting of the solvent tube

Make sure that the tapered side of the seal ring 1faces the screw fit-
ting 2of the solvent tube.

1 2
Fig. 4: Screw fitting of the solvent tube

5.2 Solvent tube connection

Appropriate solvent tubes are included in the device accessories.
ƒ Make sure that the tube has a straight ending.
ƒ Only tighten screw fittings by hand.
ƒ Use the supplied blind fittings to seal off all unused inlets and outlets.

5.3 Connecting degasser and pump

Each degassing chamber features an inlet and an outlet.

Device defect
Very high pressures can damage the degasser membrane. The
membrane can withstand a maximum pressure of 4 bar.
Never connect the degasser to the pump outlet.

Procedure 1. Connection of the chambers in the direction of the arrow.

2. Remove the blind fittings from the degassing chamber inlets and
outlets that are to be used. Keep the filler caps.
3. Unused in and outlets have to be closed with blind fittings to prevent
contamination of the disconnected chambers.

AZURA® DG 2.1S Instructions, V6880

14 Initial startup

4. The inlets of the degasser chambers are connected to the solvent

containers by means of Teflon tubes.
5. Teflon tubes are also connected to the outlets of the degassing cham-
bers,with screw fittings and seal rings. These tubes are then connect-
ed to the respective pump.

5.4 Switching on the degasser

Requirements ƒ All lines have been connected correctly.
ƒ Unused degasser chambers have been sealed off with blind fittings.

Device defect
Changes of the environmental temperature cause condensation inside
the device.
Allow device to acclimate for 3 h before connecting to power supply
and taking into operation.

Note:  Purge the degasser when changing solvents.

Note:  Regularly check the capillaries for leaks.

Procedure 1. Switch off the power supply.

2. Connect device with power supply.
3. Connect the power supply of the device to the mains.
4. Switch on the power supply. During the start procedure, the LED
flashes yellow for approx. 30 seconds. After the specified vacuum
value has been reached, the LED lights up green permanently. The
device is now ready for operation.
5. Switch on the HPLC pump.

When you switch off the HPLC pump, also switch off the degasser.

5.5 Purging
Flush the degasser and the connecting tubes with the appropriate sol-
vent prior to use. Thanks to the low chamber volume, only small amounts
of the solvents are needed for flushing.
Prerequisite The degasser is connected to the pump.

Note:  Prior to a solvent change in the degasser, purge with a liquid in

which both solvents are soluble.

Procedure 1. Configure the pump: Flow rate 2 ml/min.

2. Start the pump and flush for 1 to 2 minutes.

AZURA® DG 2.1S Instructions, V6880

 Initial startup15

5.6 Leak test

The vacuum is continuously checked by means of a built-in microproces-
sor and the pump output adjusted. Thus it is possible to detect leaks.
Procedure in the event ƒ If a leak is detected, the microprocessor of the degasser automatically
of a detected leak increases the pump speed to maintain the vacuum. If the vacuum still
falls below the target value, the yellow LED flashes.
ƒ If it is not possible to achieve the required vacuum within 30 minutes
by means of the increased pump output, the LED lights up yellow at
the degasser to indicate that there is possibly a leak in the system.
ƒ The degasser will be switched off automatically.

5.7 Switching off the degasser

Here a differentiation is made between short-term and long-term
switch-off.

Note:  To separate the degasser from the mains, remove the switched-
mode power supply from the rear of the device.

5.7.1 Short-term switch-off

Note:  Damage to the degasser that results from using buffer-containing
solvents are not covered by the warranty.

Procedure 1. Remove critical solvent from the degassing chambers and other
system components by purging with for example isopropanol (2-pro-
panol) .
2. Subsequently purge with water.
3. If the degasser is switched off for several days (e.g. over the week-
end), purge the device with isopropanol prior to ending operation.
4. Switch off the degasser at the power supply.

5.7.2 Long-term switch-off

Procedure 1. Remove critical solvent from the degassing chambers and other sys-
tem components by purging with a suitable solvent.
2. First purge the degasser with water and subsequently with
isopropanol.
3. Switch off the degasser and remove the connection tubes to the
degasser.
4. The degasser chambers can be dried by means of laboratory gas.
5. Seal all inlets and outlets of the degasser with blind fittings and sub-
sequently store the device at a safe and dry location.
6. Prior to the reuse of the degasser, purge the device briefly with the
solvent which will be used afterwards.

AZURA® DG 2.1S Instructions, V6880

16 

6. Troubleshooting
First measures: 1. Check all cabling.
2. Check all screw fittings.
3. Check whether air has gotten into the supply lines.
4. Check device for leaks.

Further measures: ƒ Check errors against error list

ƒ Contact the technical support hotline of the manufacturer

6.1 Possible problems and rectifications

Problem Cause Solution

The device is on, ƒ Power supply or Contact the service

but the LED is not plug is not plugged department.
light and the device ƒ Fuse blown
is not energized.
ƒ Power supply is
defective

The device is run- At low rotational Compare the base-

ning but you can speeds, the pump can line of non-degassed
not/hardly hear the hardly be heard, al- ethanol at 251 nm
pump. though the vacuum is with the baseline of
good and the degas- degassed ethanol. If
sing process is taking the degasser is work-
place. ing properly, the noise
of the baseline of the
non-degassed ethanol
should be significantly
higher.

Air bubbles occur in Loose or damaged Check the inlet

the solvent tubes of screw fittings and outlet fittings.
the degasser outlet. Replace old fittings, if
necessary.

No solvent flow Air in the degasser Purge degasser

chambers chambers

If a buffer solution is Use another degasser

left in the degasser for chamber. Carefully
an extended period of let water flow into the
time, it can cause clog- clogged degasser
ging in the degasser. chamber to dissolve
the buffer. If this does
not help, contact the
service department.

Further measures Inform the Technical Support of the manufacturer.

AZURA® DG 2.1S Instructions, V6880

 17

7. Maintenance and care

Proper maintenance of your HPLC device will ensure successful analyses
and reproducible results.

7.1 Maintenance contract

The following maintenance work on the device may only be performed
by the manufacturer or a company authorized by the manufacturer and is
covered by a separate maintenance contract:
ƒ Opening the device
ƒ Removing the hood or the side panels

7.2 Cleaning and caring for the device

All smooth surfaces of the device can be cleaned with a mild, commer-
cially available cleaning solution, or with isopropanol.

Device defect
Intruding liquids can cause damage to the device.
Place solvent bottles next to the device or in a solvent tray.
Moisten the cleaning cloth only slightly.

7.3 What to do if the degasser is leaking?

If the degasser leaks, solvent can reach the motor and from there reach
the degasser exhaust and flow out. In this case, the automatic pump con-
trol will switch the device off.
ƒ Inform the Technical Support of KNAUER.

7.4 Tightening screw fittings

1. If the screw fitting of the solvent tube is untight, carefully tighten the
screw fitting.
2. If it still leaks, loosen and check the screw fitting.
3. If no damage or deformation is visible at the seal ring and at the
screw fitting, repeat step 1.
4. If it still leaks, replace the screw fitting and seal ring.

7.5 Preventative measures

To ensure that the degasser can constantly run at maximum capacity, pay
attention to the following:
ƒ Only use ultrapure solvent as mobile phase. If water is used as solvent,
it also has to fulfill this standard or be filtered and deionized.
ƒ Filter all solvents to prevent clogging.
ƒ To dry the degasser, only use ultrapure gas.
ƒ Observe the information on switching off the degasser.

AZURA® DG 2.1S Instructions, V6880

18 

8. Disposal
Hand in old devices or disassembled old components at a certified waste
facility, where they will be disposed of properly.
AVV Marking in According to the German „Abfallverzeichnisverordnung“ (AVV) (January,
Germany 2001), old devices manufactured by KNAUER are marked as waste electri-
cal and electronic equipment: 160214.
WEEE- KNAUER is registered by the WEEE number DE 34642789 in the German
Registration „Elektroaltgeräteregister“ (EAR). The number belongs to category 8 and
9, which, among others, comprise laboratory equipment.
All distributors and importers are responsible for the disposal of old
devices, as defined by the WEEE directive. End-users can send their old
devices manufactured by KNAUER back to the distributor or the importer
free of charge, but would be charged for the disposal.
Solvents and All solvents and other operating materials must be collected separately
Other Operating and disposed of properly.
Materials
All wetted components of a device have to be flushed first with isopro-
panol and then with water before being maintained or disposed.

9. Technical data
Channels 2

Maximum flow rate 10 ml/min

Degassing method gas permeation through a fluoropolymer

membrane

Dead volume approx. 285 μl per channel

Pressure decline 1.37 mm (Hg/ml/min)

Max. pressure stability 4 bar

Wetted materials PEEK, glass-filled PTFE, Teflon AF®

Display 1 LED

Dimensions 121 x 138 x 190 mm (W × H × D)

Weight 2.3 kg

Power supply 85–265 V, 50–60 Hz, 20 W

Permitted ambient
Temperature range 4–40°C; 39.2–104 F
conditions
Air humidity below 90 %, non-condensing

Operating height max. 2000 Meters above sea level

Area of use for indoor use only

Overvoltage category II

AZURA® DG 2.1S Instructions, V6880

 19

Permitted pollution degree II

Admissible mains voltage

+/- 10%
fluctuations

10. Chemical compatibility of wetted materials

Note:  The user takes the responsibility for using the fluids and chemicals
in an appropriate and safe way. If there is any doubt, contact the Technical
Support of the manufacturer.

10.1 General
The device is very resistant against a variety of commonly used eluents.
However, make sure that no eluents or water come in contact with the
device or enter into the device. Some organic solvents (such as chlori-
nated hydrocarbons, ether) may cause coating damage or loosen glued
components by improper handling. Even small quantities of other sub-
stances, such as additives, modifiers, or salts can influence the durability
of the materials. Exposure time and concentration have a high impact on
the resistance.
The following list contains information about the chemical compatibility
of all wetted materials which are used in devices made by KNAUER. The
data bases on a literature research on the manufacturer specifications of
the materials. The wetted materials of this device are listed in the chapter
“Technical data”.
All resistances mentioned here are for use at temperatures up to 40 ° C,
unless stated otherwise. Please note that higher temperatures can signifi-
cantly affect the stability of different materials.

10.2 Plastics
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
PEEK is a durable and resistant plastic and, next to stainless steel, the
standard material in HPLC. It can be used at temperatures up to 100 °C
and is highly chemical resistant against almost all commonly used sol-
vents in a pH range of 1-12,5. PEEK is potentially moderate resistant
against oxidizing and reducing solvents.
Therefore, following solvents should not be used: Concentrated and oxi-
dizing acids (such as nitric acid solution, sulfuric acid), halogenated acids
(such as hydrofluoric acid, hydrobromic acid) and gaseous halogens.
Hydrochloric acid is approved for most applications.
In addition, following solvents can have a swelling effect and may have an
impact on the functionality of the built-in components: Methylene chlo-
ride, THF and DMSO in any concentration such as acetonitrile in higher
concentrations.

AZURA® DG 2.1S Instructions, V6880

20 Chemical compatibility of wetted materials

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET, outdated PETP)

PET is a thermoplastic and semi-crystalline material with high wear resis-
tance. It is resistant against diluted acids, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocar-
bons, oils, fats and alcohols, but not against halogenated hydrocarbons
and ketones. Since PET belongs chemically to esters, it is not compatible
with inorganic acids, hot water and alkalis. Maximum operating Tempera-
ture: up to 120 °C.

Polyimide (Vespel®)
This material is wear-resistant and permanent resilient thermically (up to
200 °C) as well as mechanically. It is chemically broadly inert (pH range
1-10) and is especially resistant against acidic to neutral and organic
solvents, but vulnerable to pH strong chemical or oxidizing environments:
It is incompatible with concentrated mineral acids (such as sulfuric acid),
glacial acetic acid, DMSO and THF. In addition, it will be disintegrated by
nucleophilic substances like ammonia (such as ammonium salts under
alkaline conditions) or acetate.

Ethylene-tetrafluorethylene copolymer (ETFC, Tefzel®)

This fluorinated polymer is highly resistant against neutral and alkaline
solvents. Some chlorinated chemicals in connection with this material
should be handled with care. Maximum operating Temperature is 80 ºC.

Perfluorethylenpropylen-Copolymer (FEP), Perfluoralkoxy-Polymer (PFA)

These fluorinated polymers hold similar features as PTFE, but with a lower
operation temperaturte (up to 205 °C). PTA is suitable for ultrapure appil-
cations, FEP can be used universally. They are resistant against almost all
organic and inorganic chemicals, except elemental fluorine under pres-
sure or at high temperatures and fluorine-halogen compounds.

Polyoxymethylene (POM, POM-HTF)

POM is a semi-crystalline, high-molecular thermoplastic material which
stands out due to its high stiffness, low friction value and thermic stability.
It can even substitute metal in many cases. POM-H-TF is a combination
of PTFE fibres and acetal resin and is softer and has better slip properties
as POM. The material is resistant against diluted acids (pH > 4) as well as
diluted lyes, aliphatic, aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons, oils and
alcohols. It is not compatible with concentrated acids, hydrofluoric acid
and oxidizing agent. Maximum operating Temperature is 100 ºC.

Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS)

PPS is a soft polymer which is known for its high break resistance and very
high chemical compatibility. It can be used with most organic, pH neutral
to pH high, and aqueous solvents at room temperaturewithout concerns.
However, it is not recommended for using with chlorinated, oxidizing and
reducing solvents, inorganic acids or at higher temperatures. Maximum
operating temperature: 50 °C.

Polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE, Teflon®)

PTFE is very soft and anti-adhesive. This material is resistant against
almost all acids, lyes and solvents, except against fluid natrium and fluo-
ride compounds. In addition, it is temperature-resistant from -200 °C to
+260 °C.

AZURA® DG 2.1S Instructions, V6880

 Chemical compatibility of wetted materials21

Systec AF™
This amorphous perfluorinated copolymer is inert against all commonly
used solvents. However, it is soluble in perfluorinated solvents like Fluo-
rinert® FC-75 and FC-40, and Fomblin perfluor-polyether solvents from
Ausimont. In addition, it is affected by Freon® solvents.
Polychlortrifluorethylene (PCTFE, Kel-F®)
The semi-crystalline thermoplastic material is plasticizer-free and dimen-
sionally stable, even in a wide temperature range (−240 °C to+205 °C). It
is moderately resistent against ether, halogenated solvents and toluene.
Halogenated solvents over +60 °C and chlorine gas should not be used.

Fluorinated rubber (FKM)

The elastomer consisting of fluorinated hydrocarbon stands out due to
a high resistance against mineral oils, synthetic hydraulic fluids, fuels,
aromatics, and many organic solvents and chemicals. However, it is not
compatible with strong alkaline solvents (pH value >13) like ammonia,
and acidic solvents (pH value <1), pyrrole and THF. Operating tempera-
ture: Between -40 °C and +200 °C.

Perfluorinated rubber (FFKM)

This perfluoro elastomer has a higher fluorine content as fluorinated
rubber and is therefore chemically more resistant. It can be employed at
higher temperatures (up to 275 °C). It is not compatible with Pyrrole.

10.3 Non-metals
Diamond-like carbon (DLC)
This material is characterized by a high hardness, a low coefficient of fric-
tion and thus low wear. In addition, it is highly biocompatible. DLC is inert
against all acids, alkalis and solvents commonly used in HPLC.

Ceramic
Ceramic is resistant against corrosion and wear and is fully biocompati-
ble. An incompatibility against acids, alkalis and solvents commonly used
in HPLC is not known.

Alumina (Al2O3)
Due to their high resistance to wear and corrosion, alumina ceramic is
used as a coating for mechanically stressed surfaces. It is a biocompatible
material with low thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion.

Zirconium oxide (ZrO2)

Zirconia ceramics are characterized by their high mechanical resistance,
which makes them particularly resistant to wear and corrosion. It is also
biocompatible, has low thermal conductivity and is resistant to high
pressures.

AZURA® DG 2.1S Instructions, V6880

22 Chemical compatibility of wetted materials

Sapphire
Synthetic sapphire is virtually pure monocrystalline alumina. It is biocom-
patible and very resistant to corrosion and wear. The material is character-
ized by a high hardness and a high thermal conductivity.

Ruby
Synthetic ruby is
​​ monocrystalline alumina and gets its red color by the
addition of some chromium oxide. It is biocompatible and very resistant
to corrosion and wear. The material is characterized by a high hardness
and a high thermal conductivity.

Mineral wool
This insulating material consists of glass or stone wool fibres and isolates
in high oxidizing conditions and at high temperatures. Mineral wool is
valid as commonly inert against organic solvents and acids.

Glass, glass fibre, quartz, quartz glass

These mineral materials are resistant against corrosion and wear and are
mostly chemical inert. They are compatible with oils, fats and solvents and
show a high resistance against acids anf lyes up to pH values of 3-9. Con-
centrated acids (especially hydrofluoric acid) may embrittle and corrode
the minerals. Lyes may ablate the surfaces slowly.

10.4 Metals
Stainless steel
Stainless steel is, apart from PEEK, the standard material in HPLC.
Steels with WNr. 1.4404 (316L) are used, or with a mixture of higher
compatibility.
They are inert against almost all solvents. Exceptions are biological appli-
cations which are metal ion sensible, and applications with extreme cor-
rosive conditions. These steels, in comparison to commonly used steels,
are increasingly resistant against hydrochloric acid, cyanides and other
halogen acids, chlorides and chlorinated solvents.
The use in ion cromatography is not recommended. In case of electro-
chemical applications, a passivation must be executed first.

Hastelloy®-C
This nickel-chrome-molybdenum alloy is extremely resistant to corrosion,
especially against oxidizing, reducing and mixed solvents, even at high
temperatures. This alloy may be used in combination with chlor, formic
acid, acetic acid and saline solutions.

Titanium, titanium alloy (TiA16V4)

Titanium has a low weight and a high hardness and stability. It stands out
due to its very high chemical compatibility and biocompatibility. Titan is
applied when neither stainless steel nor PEEK are usable.

AZURA® DG 2.1S Instructions, V6880

 23

11. Accessories and spare parts

Note:  For repeat orders of spare parts use the enclosed packing list.
Contact the Technical Support in case there are any questions on spare
parts or accessories.

11.1 Device and accessories

Name Order numbers

Degasser DG 2.1S AZE02

Accessory kit AZURA small devices FZA01

Accessory kit DG 2.1S FZE02

User manual V6880

AZURA® DG 2.1S Instructions, V6880

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