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, s M, SILBERSCHATZ — hi 3 | GALVIN » GAGNE — Abraham Silberschatz is a Protessor of Computer Science at Yale University. Prior to joining Yale, he was the Vice President of the Information Sciences Center at Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey. Prior to that, he held a if asl professorship in the Department of Computer Sciences at the University of Teahati ‘Austin. His research interests include operating systems, database systems, systems, storage systems, network management, and distributed systems. In addition to his academic and industrial positions, Professor Silberschatz served as a member of the Biodiversity and Ecosystems Panel on President Clinton's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology, as an advisor for the National Science Foundation, and as a consultant for several private industry companies. Professor Silberschatz is an ACM Fellow and an TEEE Fellow. He received 2002 IEEE Taylor L. Booth Education Award, the 1998 ACM Karl V. Karlstrom Outstanding Educator Award, the 1997 ACM SIGMOD Contribution Award, and the IEEE Computer Society Outstanding Paper award for the article "Capability Manager," which appeared in the IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. His writ- ings have appeared in numerous ACM and IEEE publications and other professional | conferences and journals. He is a coauthor of the textbook Database System Concepts. Gagne is chair of the Division of Computer Science and Mathematics at Westminster College in Salt Lake City where he has been teaching since 1990. In addition to teaching operating systems, he also teaches computer networks, distrib- luted systems, object-oriented programming, and ‘ata structures. He also provides oun ore to computer science educators and industry profgssincals! Professor distributed computing. Peter Baer Galvin ss the chiet technologist for Corporate Technologies (wwweptech.com). Before that, Peter was the systems manager for Brown, University’s Computer Science Department. He is also contributing editor SysAdmin magazine. Mr. Galvin has written articles for Byte and other m and previously wrote the security column and systems administration column for ITWorld. As a consultant and trainer, Peter has given talks and taught tutorials on security and system administration worldwide. \ afvadea Blinc Curage rts wwwowiley.com/college/silberschatz Based on the Activities You Do Every Day Assignnfout ust Now, many of Wiley’ textbooks are available with eGrade Plus, a powerful online tool that provides a completely integrated suite of teaching and learning resources in one easy-to-use website. eGrade Plus integrates Wileys world-renowned content with media, including a multimedia version of the text. Upon adoption of eGrade Plus, you can begin to customize your course with the resources shown here. See for yourself! Go to wwwy plus for an online demonstration of this powerful new software. iii citi i i aa Students, eGrade Plus Allows You to: Study More Effectively Get Immediate Feedback When You Practice on Your Own ‘Our website links directly to electronic book content, so that you can review the text while you study and complete homework online. Additional resources include self- assessment quizzing with detailed feed- back, source code and presentation slides. Complete Assignments / Get Help with Problem Solving An “Assignment” area keeps all your assigned work in one location, making it easy for you to stay on task. In addition, many homework problems contain a link to the relevant section of the electronic book, providing you with a text explanation to help you conquer problem-solving obstacles as they arise Keep Track of How You're Doing A Personal Gradebook allows you to view your results from past assignments at any time: ee ee res Operating System Concepts Seventh Ecition pr warmer pr pene te sancti en yt Cry emt an i ri an a gmyestceom, ier to 81 — 20 Preface ping pms a an cz putt any ena are, Sie ‘eal tual evry spp te: ran fo inc adeetaleteeyS ons pce dito tate perv mcr andere el ra th i yeradte eve Tricine a eee reel Chap Fr coe se pedamily © a so fv, bat he mdr an sll. siren an ago et spt wy we shoul exp te Se anne ney ant spn cane in te oa hen rane htphpt tt n opcr sale om eae orn See oc ociattaeaiint ce ecemmeyee cement sIoa ncaa aie eeaacaros ten Mn in Wd ew Organization of This Book an his ot ect er many eof acing pein Probert eect sis it hen oss esi {Src cote tts Capua alin Accson Copa ney ‘Canc ppntn ope a st we per pe a steps oe pe er ng ee ets te Sian pein poate per ee ecg nae pps aly sgh eer ts soe pie ‘fee ncn mi deg Sapte amc top. 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