arog Study SSStack Free Unfinished Flashcards about pathology MRCS: ‘Seas Allis patholo MRS normal Eizode of lite threstening Hypercalcemia part c pathology MRCS [Question [Answer Parathyrol earcnomas account for up to... of tumours 5% Parathyroid adenomas are often encapsulatediunencapsulated? [encapsulated Primary hyperparatnyroidismlab parameters PTH (Elevated. Cad> (Elevated Phosphate Low) In prin ypeoarstyroism erancretnneentinedearnee 903 nciation of surgery n primary hyper parathyrodismasElevatedserum |Nephrolihiasa//Age «50 yearal/Neuromusclar [Calcium > Ime sbove norms i Hypercatcura> symacome/Reducton in bone minaral dens of te femoral neck, \Sdtmel day Creatinine clearance < 20% compared with itmbarspine.or distal adios of more than 2 standaré deviations below peak bone mass (score lower than 2.5), ‘Secondary hyperparathyroidism lab parameters PTH (Elevated). Ca2* (Low or normal, Phosphate (Elevated). Vitamin Dievelsitow! symptom of secondary hyperparathyroidism Eventually may develop bone disease, osteitis fibrosacystica and soft issue cakineations nalcations for surgery insecondary (renal hyperparathyrolism: "Tertiary hyperparathyroidsm lab parameters Bone paleil/Persistent pruritus Saft tissue caleeations [Ga2+ (Normalor high). PTH (Elevated). Phosphate levels (Decreased or arma) vitamin Neral decrease. Akane pesphatse management of tertiary hyperparathyroidism Usually ereatmen ls surgicalThe presence of an autonomously {functioning parathyroid land may require surgery f abnormal pargtyoldpart cannot eicentted atl paratyridectomy should benign feral hypocallurc hypercalcaemia genetics ingulsing primary hyperparathyroidsm from benign familial iehypercaleaemia? [autosomal dominant Tp familalhypocaleluriehypercaleaemia >>>Serum Callum [Creatinine clesranceratio 0.0% [A20 year old irl presents witha thyroid cancer, she is otherwise well Iwitn ha signifeant family story. On examination she has a nodule the Tefelobect tne tnyroia with asmall iseretemass separate fram the gand| itsele UIKELY CAUSE? Papillary carcinoma [=== the most common subtype of thyroid carcinoma route of metastasis of paplary carcinoma of thyroid Papillary eareinara lymph node: 28 year old lady isbreast feeding her fist child. She presents with liscomfort ofthe right beast, Clinical examination demonstrates lerythema and an area thats ivetuant Aspiration and culture ofthe fluid \demonstate whicn organs? staphylococcus aureus -commonest organism [commonest organism for breast abscess Staphylococcus aureus [An 18 year old rock climber falls onto is let arm and sustains a large haematoma ofthe eft upper arm Unfortunately the wounc associated withthe injury isneglected andit becomes infected, Which of the {following changes least likely toaccur? |A Axillary lymphadenopathy B. Leucopenia Tenderness D. Mild PyrexiaE Local formation of yellow pus ili Aswer:Leacopenia Raised betashuman chorionic gonadotropin witha raised alpha-feto protein evel Whichisthe most ily unceriying malignancy? Non-seminomatous testicular cancer Elevated CA 19-9. Whichis the mos ikely underlying malignancy? Pancreatic adenocarcinoma Raised alpha-feto protein level in 54-year-old woman. Which s the most Iely underlying malignancy? Hepatocelislar carcinoma [enzymatic tumor markers name? alkaline phosphatase, neurone specific enolase monoclonal antibodies tumer marker [CA 125: Ovarian cancer. CA 19-¥: Pancreatic cancer. CA 15%: Breast [cancer NB: The breast cancer [tumor antigen tumor marker hitpssiwww studyslack comMasheard-2038583, Prostate specic antigen (PSAY-Prostaticcarcinoma, Alpha-feto 19arpa |A.64 year old obese ferale presents with abreast lump, She was it on the breast by a cricket ball when playing with her grandson. DIAGNOSIS? Aa obese post menepasal woman witha istry of trauma points iowards Free Unfinished Flashcards about pathology MRCS: protein (AFP): Hepatocellular carcinoma, teratoma, Carcinaembryonic Sriigen (CEA) Colorectaleancer| Fatnecrosis FATNECROSIS 'A21 year old female ntices a bloody discharge from the nipple Shes [otherwise well On examination there arena cecrete lesions tafeal and ‘ammography shows dense oreat tissue ut no massiesion. DIAGNOSIS? Intraductal papilloma [commonest cause of blood stained nipole dscharge in vounger women, Intraductal papliom [A 18 year old female notices anon tender mobile breast lump. CUnically theresa smooth himp whichis nat tethered the skin. DIAGNOSIS? Fibroaderoma (breast'mouse!}-may enlarge in pregnancy Fibreadenoma surgical incation [Treatment F>dem surgical cisions usual mammographic changes of which pathologic condition may mimic breast Scleosing adenos's, (radial scars and complex sclerosing lesions) sthere risk of malignancy in sclerosing adenosis? Ne Epithelial hyperplasia carries risk of malignancy? Yer treatment of duct papilema micredocheciony [A.17 year old man s identified a having a Meckels dverticulum. From {which ofthe following embryoiogical structuresisit derived? Viteliontestnal duct rule of 2sof Meckets diverticulum 23 of population. 2 Inches Sem) long 2 feet (60 cn) from the leceneea| valve, 2x’s mare common in men 2 tissue types invohed what is Meckel diverticulum sistenceof the vitllorinesinal duct Incomplete obliteration of te cllrintestnal duet " 'Aftachment between the vtello-intestinal duct and the yal sac disappears at 6 weeks gestation association of Mecke's diverticulum [Arterial supply of Mecke’s diverticulum [Associated with enterocystomas, umbilical sinuses, and omphaloleal fistula, [omphalomesenteric artery Mecke's iverticulum LINED by "Typically lined by lal mucosa but ectopic gastric mucosa can occur withthe risk of peoti ulceration. ‘complication in Mecke'scverticulum sdue to... man presents witha & day ho passane of bloody drrhoea with pas [mucous andsime: He pasting an average 8 to 9 bowel movements “day OnDRE theres sme blood stained mucous on he glove AGROSIS? "Complications are the sul of abstraction ectopic fasue, or ‘nftammation Urcerative cots (The passage of bloody diarrhoea together with mucous anda short history makes this ely fst presentation) [9.17 year old man presents with a2 week Pistory of significant painan defecation accompanied bythe presence ol asmall amount of blood which s noticed on toll: paper: DIAGNOSIS? Fssureinano Fissure in ano TREATMENT [A 24 year old women presents with along history of obstructed [defecation and chronic constipation. She often strains to pass stooland asses asmall amount of blood. O/E she has an indurated area anteriorly Sem proximal tothe anal verge, DIAGNOSIS? [Treatment ie with stool softeners and ether GTN or Ditiarem initially ‘Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome [examination of fissure in ano shows what? Muco-enithellal defect usually in the midline posteriorly anterior fissures more Ikely tobe cue ounderiving disease) ‘examination ofhemorrhaid shows what? examination of chrons dsease shows what? Normal colon and rectum. Proctoscapy may shaw internal hhaemorroigs, internal hsemorrhoige are usually impalpable Perineal inspection may show fissures or fistulae Proctoscopy may demonstrate indurated mucosa and possibly strictures, Sip estons may be noted at colowscooy. ‘examination of ulcerative colts shows what? Procttisis the most marked finding, Per anal dsease Is usually absent [Colonoscopy wil show continuous mucosal esto, whats the treatment of Fissure in ana? whats the treatment of hemorrhoids? [GTN ointment 02% or diltiazem cream applied topically the usual {first line treatment otulinum 208 toxinor those who falta respond, Tnernalsprincterotomy for Mose who fal with botox, can be [considered atthe ootoxstage inmates Lifestyle advice, or small internal haemorthaks can consider injection sclerotherapy or rubber band lgation For external haemorthotds consider haemorrhoidectomy. Modern options include HALO procedure and stapled Naemorrhoidectony. [whats the treatment of Inflammatory bowel dsease? Mecical management although surgery may Be needed for fistlating [Crohns Getons) whats the treatment afrectal carcinoma? [Which ofthe following is the mast common childhood brain tumour? [Anterior resection or abdomino-perineal excision ofthe colon and Fectum, Total mesorectal excisions now standard of care, Most. esectons below peritoneal ref ection wil require defunctioning Heston. most wl require preoperative radiotherapy Megulloblastoma neuroectodermal tours (also 2nd commonest malignant soli neoplasm in ehiéren) MC CNS tumor inadult [Glioma and metastatic disease [Akeen surgical trainee about to embark on her fret hem arthroplasty hitpsswww studyslack comMasheard-2038583, [There isa possiblelopenielin allergy but the patents demented 29arpa for 2 fractured neck of femur. In the anaesthetic room the patient is given {Tag intravenous co-amoxtclav. Free Unfinished Flashcards about pathology MRCS: and the history is not checked. The patient then develops severe espratory compromise and haemadynamic collapse, CAUSE? [ArRecognitiono the drugby IgE receptors on mast cells, |Anaphylectic shock sue to management of Anaphylacticshock "Antigen recognised by IgE molecules onthe surface of mast call esulting n rapid degranulation with release of istaie ard other inflammatory cytokines Management: Remove alleqgen, ABCD. Drugs: Adaline £000 [Om INTRAMUSCULARLY (no IV} Repeat ater 5 minsif no. esponse. Then Chioraheniramine 10mg Iv. Then Hydracort sone 100- Zoomelv Which of the folowing hepatobiliary disorders aremost classically sssoclated with ulcerative cali? Primary sclerosing cholangitis ico te foloning snot aaoited with rombnas? A Enothtal {eldamage 8 Use of fouriquets surgery Formation of pstlet SaarepstesD.ThwomaocytopeniaECartinoma of the stomach Hemophilia lab parameter Answer: THROMBOCYTOPENIA, [APTT -inreasedli/ PT normal Bleeding time normal von Willebrand's cease lab parameter [APTT Increased //PT Normal /i/3T increased \Vitamin K deficiency lab parameter [APT Increase /i/PTncreased ///8- Normal Heparin prevents activation of which factors? Prevents activation factors 2.9,10.11 [warfarinafects synthesis of which factors? [Affects synthesis offactors 2.7.9,10 Dicaffects which factors? Liver disease affects which factors? Factors 1.258,1% Factors 4.257.900, [A 16 year old boy develops apainful swelling of his dstalfemur An losteablastic sarcoma sclagnsed. To whichof the following ses this, Tesion most tly to motastasse? ‘Sarcomasinvhich Lymphatic Metastasis fs seen Lung "SCARE: Syrowal sarcoma, Clear cellsarcoma, Angiosarcoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma.tplthelioid sarcoma, [Sarcomas often metastasise via site for sarcoma metastass roule and the... isacommon the haematogenous/iMung, [What are sarcomas? Malignant tumours of mesenchymal origin Ewing sarcoma common tocation Femoral laphysis is commonest histology of Ewing sarcoma Histologicallyitisa small round tumour Ewing Sarcoma common age treatment of Ewing Sarcoma [Onset typically tween 10 and 20 yearsof age [chemo with surgery [Osteosarcoma are..cels with Mesenchymal cells with osteoblastic dMerentiatn, [osteosarcoma age and gender what is tposareoma? Peak age 15-20, commoner in males Malignancy of adipocytes/l/They are the second most common soft, tissue sarcoma. Tipasarcoma location [deeplocations suchas retroperitoneum iposarcoma age and gender "Tumour with large number of histiocytes, DIAGNOSIS? [Affect older age group usualy »40 years of age Malignant Fibrous Histioeytoma cello origin of malignant Abrous histiocytoma subtype of malignant brous histiocytoma utenti pleororohic secon NOS le Calon not known Four major subiypes are recognised sos ormleamorphle VO css) yond bts aggresive ani cel and farnatoy Infection with which of the following micro-organisms may reslt ina clinical picture resembling sehalasa ofthe oesphagus? ‘Trypanosoma Cruzi Infection with Trypanosoma Cruzimay result in destruction of — [destruction ofthe ganglion cels ofthe myentericplows causes Chagas cisease Trypanosoma Cruz (Protozoan) how does Trypanasoma cruzi infect? [Carried by bugs which infect the skin whist feeding, Penetrate through lopen wounds and mucous membranes major infective sites of trypanasoma cruzi? treatment of Trypanasoma cruz Major infective sites include CNS, intestinal myenteric plows, spleen, Iymph nodes and cardiac muscle [Chronicciseaseis reversible, nfurtimox is used to reat acute fntecton 'A45-year-old man presents to surgical outpatients with alonghistory of Fecurtent abdominal pan and vomiting Fe noted tohave a peripheral motor neuropathy an ecmination Whats the most kel elagnosis? [Acute intermittent porphyria Neurologial signs combined with abdominal pain is_..until proven otherwise |Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is due to defectn..? acute intermittent porphyria lead poisoning Tare putosomal dominant condition caused by adefect porphoblnogen deaminase on enemeinvlved inthe biosynthesis Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) results in accumulation of. results nthe toxic acumalation of delta aminalaevulinie acid and porphebilinagen, [AIP characteristically presents with symptom in... age group Diagnosis of AP hitpsshwww-studyslack comMasheard-2038583, tcharacteristcally presents with abdominal and peuropayeniatic [symatoms in 20- 40 year olds (Classically urine turns deep red on standing//Ralsed urinary porphobilnager7ased serum levelsof delta aminolaevulnicacld a9arpa Free Unfinished Flashcards about pathology MRCS: and porphobilinagen/Assay of red cells for porphobilinogen \desminase [A'56 year old man presents with episodic facial pain and discomfort list eating He hes sutferedtromhlitasisecently and he frequently [complains of adry mauth He has 2 smooth swelling underneath is ight ‘mandible, DIAGNOSIS? submandibular glands secrete... mo salva per day Stone impacted in Whartons duct [800-1000 salva per day Parayrpathetic activity is dominant te secretions of submandibular ignd wil bemore rasympathetlc fibres that supply submandibular gland are derived (Ghorda tympani nerves and the submandibular ganglion, hey traveleo the lands va the lingual nerves, 80% of al salivary gland calull occur [submandibular gland ( 7o%% ofthe salivary gland caeul areradio.— [opaque salivary gland caeul are usually composed of. Sialadenits occurs dve to. calcium phosphate or calum carbonate result of Staphylococcus aureus infection "Which of the folowing cellular types or features snot soon [frcoldoss” A Reed Sternberg Cell 8.7 lmahocytes C. Macrophages D. [Asteroid bodies £8 lymphocytes Reed Sternberg cells are seen in. Reed sternberg cells, Hodkins disease Which of the following dseasesis not considered aris actor for gastric [A Polya gastrectomy for antral ulcer B, Avophlc gant eC. Intestinal metaplasia of columnar type at the gasiriccarcla DP with polyp showing medium grade dysplasia . tong term therapy with 2 lockers Aong term therapy with H2 blockers. [A ear ld mani diagnosed a havnga gona Fron whiehot he llowing cell types do these tumours usualy originate? {Gliomas originate from. Neurogtial cells [lal cells (known a5 neuronal) subcategory of siomas Ependymomas: Ependymal cells Astocytomas- Astrocytes (including slblaional.Oigodendragiomas-Gigofendrcytes Mice e6 lotgoastrocytomas categorization ot gomas [Gliomas ae categorized asbeing either high or low grade lesions the [former has the worse prognessyi!lioblastoma mufiforme has the Worst prognosis an few patients wilsurvive Beyond 12 months |A 78 year old man presents with w/ deaness for 3 mans, O/E Webers test lcalses to the contralateral side ane CT scan of his head shows 3 "hiekenec alvarim with areas of sclerosis and radiluceney. His test sow ar elevated ALKP normal serum Ca and normal PTH levels DIAGNOSIS ANSWER: Pagetscsease with skull rwolverent ut has mull re ofralucency with ralecalcum sont the Jagnosis ab parameter of pagets disease Raised alkaline phosphatase falp)- calcium and phosphate are typically normal (Ci of pagets disease Skul xray thickened vault osteoporosis crcumscrptalli/ bane pain (eg pete lumbar spine, femur. Classical. ut features sowing loft bossing oF seul [complications of pagetscisease [deafness (cranial nerve entrapment// Bone sarcoma (I fafected for >To years /ractures Skull thiekening/Migh-output cardiac falure. Pagets disease primarily disorder of. primarily a disorder of osteoclasts, with excessive osteoclastic Fesorpion followed by increased osteoblastic activity eausing areas of sclerosis and deformity. [AS year ald boy presents with recurrent episodes of sinusitis. The casualty staff are surprised ord his ver ying nthe lft upper lguadranof the abdomen DIAGNOSIS. "The primary problem in kartagener syndromes Kartagener'ssyndrome inmotle iia syndrome |sge0 30. DIAGNOSIS. [situs inversus + immotilecia syndrome = kartagener syndrome [A22 year old man presents with carcinoma ofthe caecum His brother ‘deg rom colorectal cancer aged 25 and his father died trom thelsease |Lynchsyndrome 'A tall 32 year old lady presents witha difuse neck swelling a carcinoma [ofthe thyroid medullary type is diagnosed, DIAGNOSIS Multiple endocrine neoplasia type It [AIMENtItrdtoRoe...asapresemng feature Ao assodaed mecullary carcinoma ofthe thyroidiiiipheacheomocytoma 'A45 year old man presents with symptoms of urinary calc nthe story he hat sufered from recurrert eplsodes of frank hacmaturia over the ast week a o, On examination he has a eft lin mass and 3 varicocele [The mast key diagnosis Renal adenocarcinoma [gender and age effect in RCC [Symptomof RCC. rank haervatura and have epsodes of lot ol isan eponymous name for Renal Adenocarcinoms [Grawitz tumour [what is RCC [adenocarcinoma ofthe renal cortex RCC arses From arse from the proximal convoluted tubule RcCnuleof 20 Bok maybe mle} 20% maybe salted nd OR ay have eer Iirect extension into the adrenal gland, renal ven or surrounding spread of RCC occurs due to {asca/i/More distant disease usualy occurs viathenaematogenous route tolung, bone or bra males in th decade hidpsswww studyslack comMasheard-2038583, 49arpa management OF RCC Free Unfinished Flashcards about pathology MRCS: 71 lesions may he managed by patil nephrectomyi/For T2 lesions and above araccal nepivectomy is stancara practice and thismay be Performed via alaparoscopic or Gpen aporoach management of patients with transitional cell cancer will require a 'A63 year old man finds that he has to stop walking after 100 vards due obtdertcal pam ie nds hat bending ora an wang pi helps He sable toride a bike without ary pain. UNDERLYING CAUSE? nephroureterectomy with disconnection of the ureter atthe Bladder Lumbar spinalstenosis [One ofthe main features tat may help to diferentiate mbar spinal stenosis rom true claugieation inthe histor is [the postonal clement to the pan (In Lamba spinal stenosis siting’ better than standing ane patents may find easier towalk uphill rather than down MCC of lumbar spinal stenosis Degenerative diseases the commonest underlying cure pathology of Lumbar spina steosis see from Q95 'A73 year old ady is admitted for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. During her pre-operative reessment is nved tat she fs receiving furacemide {forthe treatment of hypertension.-cant. Approximately what proportion ofthe sodium thats filtered at the ‘lomerutuswillbe subsequently excreted” Answer"Upto 25% Frusemide o lop duretics act on which part in kidney Thiazide act on which porn kidney [Ascending limb ofloop of Henle Distal tubule and connecting segment [epirenolactone act on which partin kidney Frusemide or loop duretics inhibits which carrier or channel [Cortical colecting tubule Nati 2C1- carrier [A.59 year oldman presents with recurrent episodes of urinary sepia He foe irrecrrent tacks tl gai Sebati buble nhs [rine He undergoes a CTscan which shown 3 age nommatory mass hele lis fost, Diagnosis? " "Thiazide inhibits which carrier or channel NarCl- carrier [SPIRONOLACTONE inhibits which carrier or channel. INa* channel Percentage of fitered slum excreted by Furosemide Upto to 25% Percentage of itered sodlum excreted by thiazide Between Sand 5% Percentage ofitered sium excreted by Spironolactone Between Zand 2% Diverticular cisease Divertcularcisease location between the taenia coli which vessels plerce the muscle to supply the [symptom of diverticular disease complication of diverticula disease [Altered bowel habit Bleeding: Abdominal pain Diverticults 77 Haemorrhage/ Development of fatula Perforation [and faecal peritonitis/Bertoration ana development of abscessif/Bevelopment of diverticular phiewmen Diagnosis of evertculrdisesseis done by using [colonoscopy or barium enema name of Severity Classification of diverticular disease 'What is Hinchey classification AND define Is types Hinchey _Para-colonie abscess. Ir Pelvic abscess Purulent peritonitis Wi Faecal peritonitis management of diverticulitis mild attack treated by congervativelirecurrent attack requires Segmental resection/ Hinchey IV perforations (generalised faecal Peroni) wil require a rection sn usualy 3 stoma. [A78 year old mans referred tothe clinic by his generalpractivoner For emyyeersperetcesaspoothawalng protmaely Sm aperirto morbid ties, DIAGNOSIS? eens [Causes of uilateral parotid enlargement \Warthins tumour [Salivary calelus Tumour IMC parotid gland tumor Pleomorphic adenomas are the most common "Adenoid cystic carcinoma have a tendency for. 'A73 year old heavy smoker presents with haemaptysis, On examination he's eachectic and shows evidence of clubbing Imaging shows a main ronal tumour with massive mediastinal lymghaceropathy together with widespread visceral metastases, Diagnosis? perineuralinvasion smallcelllung cancer 68 year old female who has never smoked presents witha mass atthe periphery of her right lung [Adenocarcinoma located 3tperiohery) "An 85 year old man presents witha cough and haemoplysis, 15 pack ys Smoke Fe sound cohave a tumour locsted nthe right main bronchus, lthno evidence of metastatic disease, He decides no undergo any reatmentandhe remains wel for aurther {12 months before developing symatomatic meta sass DIAGNOSIS? [Answer>>> squomouscel carom MC ung cancer non small el carcinoma (80% of lung a) \variants ofrnansmall cell carcinoma [Squamous cell carcinoma (25% cases), Adenacarcinoma (0% case). Large callcarcinoms (10% cases), MC lang cancer in nonsmokers small cel lung carcinoma consists of cells wth. [adenocarcinoma [comprised of cells with a neuro endocrine differentiation, ype of ung carcinoma with paraneoplastic condition 'Which ofthe fllowing cals isnot found ona blood film post Splenectomy? A Pappenhelmer bogies B Stpole cel. Erythrocyte containing siderotie granules B. Howelilly bodies, Target cll Stppleclis stople cells found in which condition lead poisoning/haemoplobinopathies| Blood fim in hyposplenism Havel Jolly bodies/Pappenheimer bodles/Poiklocytes (Target cels}fErythroeyle containing sderotegranules/Melnz bodies hitpsshwww-studyslack comMasheard-2038583, 59arpa |A.45 year old manwith ong standing ulcerative colitis and rectal [dysplasia presents witha DALM lesion in terectum What she most appropriate management option? [DALMIaysplsia associated lesion or mass lesions complica Phar C bats decidbe nanaped wih piecing Which of the metastatic bane tumoursisat the greatest Fak of pathological fracture? Free Unfinished Flashcards about pathology MRCS: Panproctacolectomy PSNBrOCICOES Peritrochanteric lesion froma cacinama of the breast lesions from breast cancer are usualy. and carry rsk of. yc righer risk rather than the slertic lesions from prostate metastatic dsease as the highest risk of spontaneous fracture estealvte Mirel Scoring systems used fo. stratify the risk of spontaneous fracture for bone metastass irel scare more than 9 means. mprending fracture (33%) and management should be done with prophylactic ation irel score 8 means. Boarderline risk of fracture and fration shouldbe considered for management ikel score less than 7 means Not impending (3) and non operative management shouldbe done know about mire scoring system and how do you give points QIO4 63 year old mae presents with several episodes of haematura. ie Sulers from COPO secondary to lang term smoking. Whichsthe most, ikely underving cause? ‘Transitional cell carcinoma ofthe bladder TCC is mostly linked to sgh ao enone tondrocarbons such asain neresesthe [gecond most common urological cancer. bladder carcinoma [which age and gender does bladder carcinoma affect males aged between SO and BO years [Schistosomiasis infection cause which cancer [squamous cell carcinoma of bladder MC blader carcinoma FTC 90%) 70% of TCC's willhave 3. patter. papllarygrowih Staging of bladder carcinoma’ done By. [eystoscopy and biopsies or TURBT symptom of bladder carcinoma know about staging ot Bladder tumor andits prognosis Most patients (85%) wl present with panies, macroscopic hhaematura, [425 year ot cat lover presents with symptoms of abdominal pain, lethargy and sweats. These have been prevent fr the past two Weeks. [Gn examination snehas iymphadenopathy inthe posterior langle. DIAGNOSIS? Bartonella infection Bartonella infection may occur following 3. 'A25 year old lady presents with an swelling located at the anterior border of the sternocleidomasteid muscle. Te sweling is intermittent [and examination sso and fuetuant DIAGNOSIS? [catecratch Branchial est Branchialeysts are remnants ofthe... ranchialcefe 'A.38 year ol ady presents witha mass in the midline of theneck amadiately below the hyold bore Ie moves upwards on tongue protrusion DIAGNOSIS? ‘Thyrotlossal cyst are linked to [Thyroglossal eyst oramen caecum [Thyroslossalcyst move... [upward on tongue protration "A manhas cischarge on lower back. O/E theres epithelial defect located {éem proximal to tp of his coceyx and located in the midline. There are we further defects located about 2cm superiorly nthe sare position, Hes extremely hirsute: DIAGNOSIS? Pllonidasinuses are extremely common i. Pilonidalsinus rsute inva [Enroneplonidal sinus csease linked to. [sce Pllonidalsins treatment Bao pocedrlKarydakis precede wide ecSonof teat [43 year old man from Greece presents with coy right upper quadrant pai, auncice anda pruritic erythematous rash over his body, He's ritally treated with coroflxacin, but oes not improve, DIAGNOSIS? Infection with Echinococcus granulosus Infection with Echinococcus granulosus will typically produce... HYPERSENSITIVITY ‘Tyee! \diference between biliay calc and CAD stone "ied of blary capture Biliary colle jaundice and urticarial ashi//ICBD stone no rtcaral rash Hydatid cysts common inwhich countries, Meaiterranean ane Midale Eastern counties Hydatideystsis caused by [tapeworm parasite Echinococcus granulosus {common location for hydatid evst Upto 90% cysts occur inthe Iver and lungs Morbidity due to hydatid sts due to [yst bursting infection and organ dysfunction precaution taken during surgery of hydatid est, [the cyst walls must not be ruptured during removaland the contents sterteed first 'A22 year old ady presents with an episode of renal colic and following nvestigationissdspected of suffering from MEN la, Which ofthe hitpsshwww-studyslack comMasheard-2038583, Hyperplasia aearpa folowing abnormaties ofthe parathyroid glands are most often foundin| Ithiscondtion? Free Unfinished Flashcards about pathology MRCS: MEN tla compromises of In MEN la the commonest lesion’s Mallar Gyro cancer yperparathyroidiam onsallyyperdaaa. Bkscacbowmctana Past Mirena Medullary thyroid cancer INMEN I ..—.8 the mast common iesion parathyroid adenoma MEN type compromises of Mremonic three P= Parathyroid (95% Parathyroid adenoma. Pituitary (70%): Prolactinoma/AcTH/Growh Hormone secret ng sdeqoma Pancreas G0 et el tumours Zolinger Elson Syndrome. MEN type lassocated with what gene and chromosome MENIN gene (dwromosore 14) MEN tla compromises of Phaeochromocytoma Medullary thyroid cancer (70%) Hyperparathyrotom (60%, MEN type la associated with what gene and chromosome MEN type ib: Same as MEN Ila with addition of. RET oncogene (chromosome 10) Marfanoie body habitus, Mucosalneuromas. RET oncogene ehwomosome 10} [Arpate infantis born prematurely at 94 weeks gestation by emergency [cesarean section He intially appears to be stable, However, over the lenculng 24 nourshe develops worsening neurological function, DIAGNOSIS? Intraventricular haemorrhage neonatal practice the vast majority of MH occurin nication of shunting in NH. Ta hrs of bith Hydrocephalus and rising GP is an indication for shunting 'A22 year old man s admitted tohosptal with lower respiratory chest Infection He nad e splenectomy after being invalved in sear accident. [Whats the most kel infective organism [Organisms causing post splenectomy sepsis Haemophilus influenzae Streptococcus pneumorial/ Haemophilus Iiuenzalli Meningococcl organs carry the greatest pathogenic risk folowing splenectomy Encapsulated Proahylactie vaccinations are usually administered for post spleenectomy patients to. 'A.24 year oldman presents with symptoms ofmaase, weightloss and IyoahadcrepatyAivngh roe apn a performed andthe subsequent atolony report state tha there sentence of pranuloma {formation and cena necro, UNDERLYING CAUSES reduce the risk af pneumococcal septicaemia Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis [Churg Strauss syndrome have on BUEN mon [granuloma but nanecrosis Me TB. "A20 year old man develops cute appendicits his appendlxis removed [anda makes full recovery. Which ofthe folowing patrologcal processes sleastlkely tobe present inthe acutely ified tissues? [A Altered Starlings forces. Seqestration ofneurophile © Formation of fiuid exudate D Formation of granulomas None! tre above [Snswers Granuloma Fesionin the right lobe ote liver DIAGNOSIS? [Granuloma is seen in which inflammation? [enronie [442 year ol ady has suffered from hepatitis Cfor many years and has sso developed etrhosis, on routine follow up an ultrasound nas ec demonstrated 9 2 Semlesion inthe right tbe ofthe ver OIACNOSIS Inpatients with cirrhosis the presence of...ishighlysugestiveof |aicsign gama malignancy. Diagnosis of HCC is done by. [APIs -400ng/mL [825 year old man fromthe far east presents witha fever and rghtupper [quadrant pain-Aspartof his ivestigationsa CT sean shows anilldefined |Amoebic abscess [Amaebic abscess treatment 2 yer old lady presents wihright upper quadrant pain anda sensation ‘of abdominal ness An ltrazound sean demonstrates 365 cm Metronidazole Fryperechoic lesion ntheright lobe of the ver SerumAFPis normal. [Hemangioma DIAGNOSIS? [A large hyperechoic lesionin the presence ofnormalAFPISIKGIV> | Hemangiom be femangioma Dignosis of Hemangiomals confirmed by. Which ofthe following disorders is associated with massive splenomenaly? [Alarge hyperechoic lesion nthe presence ofnarmal AFP [Chroniegranuloeyticleukaemia Ispleenis derived From mesenchymal issue what is the function of white pulp of spleen andi content? what is the funetion of Red pulp of spleen? immune function// Contains central trabecular artery ters abnormalred blood cells spleen provides whicnimmunity gM (Causes of primary chronic inflammation donot Include which ofthe Hollowing?’A Sarcoidosis 6, Tuberculosis 222 C. Ulcerative cals. Prostheses , Chronic cholecyst ts \Chroniecholeoystitsis \Chroniecholecystitis recurrent episodes of acute ilanmation Prostheticimplants maybe the ste of 'A 0 year old man is rapped ina house fre and sustains 30% parla and {ul hexness burrs ths torso anc limos, Three days following [admission he has a brisk haemaiemesis. Whichof the folowing isthe most ikely elanation or is event? primary chronic inflammation (Curlingsulers [streseulcersin burns oatients are referred tae hitpssiwww studystack comfasheard-2038583, (Gurnee ere 719an7rog Free Unfinished Flashcards about pathology MRCS: lanchingisseenin which typeof buen? Fpidermal/Superical and superRcial partial thickness | What sEpidermal/Superfcial burn? [What is superficial patil thickness? [only epidermis Epideris and part of papiary dermis affected [What s deep partial thickness? Epidermis, whole papillary dermis affected [What is fll hiekness burn? [Whole skin ayer and subcutaneous tissue affected most acurate burn assessments done by Lund Browder chart how much3s burns in adults needs urgent burn Auld resuscltation 25% Eseharotomies: Indicated [cumnferental fl thickness burns to the tors o iba wallace rule of 9 burnassessment [A 19 year ol ady is admitted to ITU with severe meningococcal sepa She son maximal inotropic support and 3 CT scan of her chest and [abdomen is performed. The adrenal glands show evidence a fuse Waterhouse: Friderichsen syndrome eemor nage. [Op his assona CT scanvas erred Tia domoratratea a |A36 year old lady is admitted with recurrent episodes of non-specifc | Sem nodule in right adrenal gland, Ths s associated with lipid rich Seinen On cach aamsonabloodimestations ercrormal |. yi atnnnss ms Orr hemonl ates oe normal DIAGNOSIS A denignincgertat adenoma Bein aeronas enfve tives ease on | sipaencore [Ae year oid man's noted to have ablod pressure of 175/1300n Toute screening On examination there are no prysealabnormattes of ote Ct scanning shows elt siced adrenal mass Plasma Phacachromocytoma Imetanephrines af elevated DIAGNOSES Hypertension ina younpatent without any obvious cause Phacodwamoorom Phaeochromocytoma LAB parameter Urinary VMA and plasma metanephvines are typically elevated [A 15 year old boy is admitted with colicky abdominal pain af hours ‘duration. On examination ne has asott abdomen, on ystemic [examination he has brownish spots around his mouth, feet and hands. Hismother underwent surgery for intussusception, aged 12 and has similar lesions, DIAGNOSIS ANSWER:Peuts-Jephers syndrome Peutz-Jehers syndrome CHARACTERIZED BY: merous benign haar Tomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tact genetics of Peutz Jeghers syndrome [Autosomal dominant, Respansible ene encodes serine threonine kinase LKB! or STKI Hamartomatous polyps in Gl tract (mainly smalbowell = Pigmented lesions onlips,oralmucasa, fata, palms and soles“ Intestinal [obstruction Gastrointestinal bleeding PeutzJeghers syndrome MEN IB characterizes by. Medullary thyroid cancer Phacochromocytomna, Mucosal neuroma Marfanolé appearance (Created by sarthaknepalt ote Rybak» Fens ans @ oun 8 Stare hitpsswww-studyslack comMasheard-2038583, Afi aware ba eS a