NAME Classical Black Holes

STUDENT ID Exercises. Particle Motion around Black 2021-12-28

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Holes

1 Particle Motion
1.1 Photon sphere in Schwarzschild’s background
Using the equation
gtt + 2gtϕ Ω + gϕϕ Ω2 = 0,
show that the photon sphere around the Schwarzschild’s black hole is
3rs
rps = 3M = .
2

1.2 Photon sphere in Kerr’s background

Using the equation
gtt + 2gtϕ Ω + gϕϕ Ω2 = 0,
show that the equatorial photon sphere around the Kerr’s black hole is
   a 
2 −1
rps = rps = 2M 1 + cos cos ∓
3 M
and that for the extreme Kerr case (a = M ) it gives
(
M direct orbit
rps =
4M retrograde orbit

1.3 ISCO radius in Kerr’s background.

Probe that the ISCO radius
p
rISCO = 3M + Z2 ∓ (3M − Z1 )(3M + Z1 + 2Z2 )
where
Z1 = M + (M 2 − a2 )1/3 [(M + a)1/3 + (M − a)1/3 ]
q
Z2 = 3a2 + Z12

satisfies the condition

∂r2 Vef f r=r

=0
ISCO

2 Hamilton-Jacobi Formulation
2.1 Hamilton Jacobi’s equation in Kerr’s background
Show explicitly that the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for a particle moving in Kerr’s geometry can be separated as
 2
dSr 1  2 2
∆ − (r + a2 )ε − a`z + (`z − aε)2 + δr2 =
dr ∆
 2  2 
dSθ `z 2 2 2
− − − a ε + δa cos2 θ = C
dθ sin2 θ
where C is called the Carter’s constant.

1
2.2 Hamilton equations of motion
Show explicitly that the Hamilton canonical equations for a particle moving in Kerr’s geometry obtained from
the Hamilton-Jacobi formulation,
∂S
ẋµ = pµ = g µν pν = g µν ν
∂x
give the equations of motion

%2 ṙ2 = R
%2 θ̇2 = Θ
 
1 `z
%ϕ̇ = 2aM rε + (% − 2M r) 2
∆ sin θ
1
%ṫ = [Aε + 2aM r`z ]
∆
where

A = (r2 + a2 )2 − a2 ∆ sin2 θ
% = r2 + a2 cos2 θ
∆ = r2 − 2M r + a2