VEHICLE

AERODYNAMICS
• What does aerodynamic means?

• History and evolution of aerodynamics.

• Aerodynamic effects shape of a car.

 WHAT DOES AERODYNAMIC MEANS?

• When objects move through air, forces are generated

by the relative motion between air and surfaces of the
body, study of these forces generated by air is called
aerodynamics.
• Divide into external aerodynamics and internal
aerodynamics
WHAT DOES AERODYNAMIC MEANS?
 WHAT DOES AERODYNAMIC MEANS?

• Study airflow will affect the body's movement through

the flow.

• Car aerodynamics make the car more safer and make it

more fuel efficient.

• Aerodynamics are used in most of the cars today

specially in race cars because there is more need of
aerodynamics in high speeds cars.
 WHAT DOES AERODYNAMIC MEANS?
• Aerodynamics have wide range of applications mainly
in aerospace engineering:
 Design of automobiles, airplane.
 Prediction of forces and moments in ships and sails
 In the field of civil engineering as in the design of
bridges and other buildings.
Summarize
Automotive aerodynamics is the study of the
aerodynamics of road vehicles. Its main goals are
reducing drag and wind noise, minimizing noise
emission, and preventing undesired lift forces and other
causes of aerodynamic instability at high speeds.
HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF AERODYNAMICS

Aerodynamics has played an important role in car

racing since the late 1960s, when introduction of the first
inverted wings appeared in some formulas. After that
time, improved wing systems taken from the aeronautic
technology made leaps forward, increasing cornering
speeds and vehicle stability. With the introduction of the
ground effect a few years later the vehicles used a third
element (the under body) to produce down force, and
hence improve the performances.
 History of car
HISTORY ANDbody design OF AERODYNAMICS
EVOLUTION
Period I: Adaptation of shapes from other fields 1900-1920

1914 – Zeppelin – Alfa Romeo 1899 – Torpedo

1913 – Boat – Audi Alpensieger

 HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF AERODYNAMICS

Period II: Streamlining 1920-1970 - Adapting the results of airplane

and airship development

Cars based on Pál Járay’s ideas 1933-Audi 2L and Daimler- Benz 200
1937 – Tatraplan 1938-1939– Kamm car(Wolkswagen)
 HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF AERODYNAMICS

Period II: Streamlining 1920-1970 - Adapting the results of airplane

and airship development

1933, Tatra V570

1923, Audi Type K

1933 Tatra 77

1933 Mercedes Benz 200

 HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF AERODYNAMICS
Period III: Detail optimization 1970-1990 - Tiny changes that make significant
results
 HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF AERODYNAMICS
Period III: Detail optimization 1970-1990 - Tiny changes that make significant
results

1984 Renault Espace

1983 Audi 100 C3

1983 Ford probe IV. CD=0.15

 HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF AERODYNAMICS
Period IV: Shape optimization 1990- today
Designing car body close to the ideal shape, then trying to turn into
real vehicle with the least changes possible

Alfa Romeo Brera

Lexus LFA Coupe

History of carAND
HISTORY body design OF AERODYNAMICS
EVOLUTION

The first shape-optimized car

Audi 100 with Cd 0.3 Mercedes –Benz CLA withCd 0.22

(1982- 1991) (2013- present)

Volkswagen XL1 with Cd 0.19 (2013- present)

Top drag coefficients
HISTORY of today’s
AND EVOLUTION cars
OF AERODYNAMICS
 HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF AERODYNAMICS

Conclusion
Drag coefficient depends on many different factors
There are basic principles to reduce aerodynamic drag
There is no one and only solution for optimization
Does not exsist one optimum car body shape
Can reach significant solutions with small changes
Interference occours by modifying

In optimisation besides wind

tunnel investigations numerical
simulation of flow field (CFD)
has become more and more
important
 AERODYNAMIC EFFECTS SHAPE OF A CAR

The effect of the aerodynamic forces on car

 AERODYNAMIC EFFECTS SHAPE OF A CAR

The effect of the aerodynamic forces on car with the body kit.
 AERODYNAMIC EFFECTS SHAPE OF A CAR

Example on how flow Example on how flow

characteristics both on top characteristics both on top
and under the moving car moving truck
 AERODYNAMIC EFFECTS SHAPE OF A CAR

Lowering the drag coefficient