1. What happened during American period in the Philippines?

2. What are the forms of literature during American period?

3. What did the American period contribute to the Philippines?
4. What is the greatest contribution of American in the Philippine literature?
5. Who are the first American teachers in the Philippines?

Answers:

1. In American rule in the Philippines went through two phases. The first phase of lasted from 1898
to 1935, and Washington defined its colonial mission as the defense and preparation for the final
independence of the Philippines. The political organization developed rapidly, with the popularly
elected Philippine Parliament (the House of Representatives) and the US-appointed Philippine
Commission (the Senate) serving as a bicameral legislative branch. The Ilustrados established the
Federalist Party, but their state program was limited. In 1905, the party changed its name to the
National Radical Party and adopted a platform of independence. The Kuomintang was founded in
1907 and dominated Philippine politics until the end of World War II. Their leaders are not
fanatics. Despite the "immediate independence" program, party leaders shared leadership with
the United States. An important development of the post-World War II era was the peasant
resistance to land control, which was supported by the Socialist Communist Party of the
Philippines and. As the Great Depression continued and grain prices plummeted, tenant strikes
and 4,444 incidents of violence were frequent.

The second period of American rule from 1936 to 1946 was characterized by the formation of
the Commonwealth of the Philippines during World War II and the Japanese occupation in. A law
passed by the US Congress in 1934 set the transition period of 10 years to independence at
4,444. The country's first constitution was promulgated in 1934, ratified by the country in 1935,
and Manuel Quezon was elected president of the Commonwealth. Quezon died in exile in 1944
and was succeeded by Vice President Sergio Osmena. Japanese forces attacked the Philippines
on December 8, 1941 and captured Manila on January 2, 1942. Tokyo established an
independent Republic against opposition from underground fighters and guerrillas. In Central
Luzon, the main element of the resistance was provided by the Hooks (short for Hukbalahap or
Anti-Japanese People's Army). Allied forces invaded the Philippines in October 1944, and
Japanese forces surrendered on September 2, 1945. World War II in demoralized the Philippines
and caused the islands to suffer from inflation. Extensive distribution, shortage of food and other
goods. Various trade and security issues with the United States would also be resolved before
Independence Day. Allied leaders wanted to purge officials who worked with Japan during the
war and strip them of the right to vote in the first post-war elections. However, Commonwealth
President Osmenya objected that each case should be considered separately. Among these
collaborators was the successful Liberal presidential candidate Manuel Rojas. It gained
independence from the United States on July 4, 1946, and Roxas was inaugurated as the first
president. The economy continued to be heavily dependent on the US market, and the US
continued to maintain control of 23 military installations. In March 1947, the United States
signed a bilateral treaty that continued to provide military support, training, and equipment.
2. During American period, many Filipino started writing again and the nationalism of the people
remain undaunted. Filipino writers went into all forms of literature like news reporting, poetry,
essays, stories, plays, and novels. Their writings clearly depicted their love of country and their
longings for independence.
3. The contribution of American to the Philippines is the system of education. It is so pervasive and
far reaching was it’s impact and influence on the life and culture of the Filipino during and after
the colonial period that it is generally regarded as the biggest contribution of American
colonialism in the Philippines.
4. The Philippine literature during American period was influenced by two factors, first of which is
education. With the Americans providing free education, many were given the chance to study
and English was used as the language of instruction.
5. Volunteer American soldiers became the first teachers of the Filipinos. Part of their mission was
to build classrooms in every place where they were assigned. The American soldiers stopped
teaching only when a group of teachers from the U.S. came to the Philippines in June 1901. They
came aboard the ship “Sheridan.” In August 1901, 600 teachers called Thomasites arrived. Their
name derived from the ship they traveled on, the U.S. Army Transport Thomas. The original
batch of Thomasites was composed by 365 males and 165 females, who sailed from United
States on July 23, 1901. The U.S. government spent about $105,000 for the expedition.[8] More
American teachers followed the Thomasites in 1902, making a total of about 1,074 stationed in
the Philippines