Name : M.

Euro theozand

Class : 3MC Mechanical Engineering

NPM : 062030200737

TUGAS
BAHASA INGGRIS

POLITEKNIK NEGERI SRIWIJAYA

PALEMBANG

2021/2022

STUDY THE MATERIALS THEN DO THE EXERCISES

SUBMIT YOUR WORK WITH WS.WORD

16. CRANES

There are two main types of crane the
jib and the over head. The jib has a long
arm the jib which points outwards
horizontally or up at an angle. The crane
works on the priciple of the lever. The
front wheels ofthe crane act as the
fulcrum of the lever, which is the pivot
about which movement take place. The
load arm (the length of the lever) is
measured from the load to the front
wheels. The force arm (the length of the
lever between the applied force and the
fulcrum) is measured from the heigth of
the crane to the front wheels. If the crane
tries to lift too heavy a load, it may tip
forward. Many cranes ring a warning bell
if the load is dangerously heavy.
A crane lifts its load by winding a wire
rope rond a drum called a winch. This is
driven through a train of gears by an
engine or an electric motor. The operator
can stop it and hold it in any position by
powerful brakes. Most jib cranes can
swivel round in a full circle and they may
be mounted on wheels so that they can
move from place to place.
In factories and engineering
workshops, an overhead travelling crane
is often used. It has a strong, steel, frame
with wheels at each end which run along a
track fixed high up along a track fixed high
up along the walls of the building. It is
caled a wheelend trolley, as it can run
from end to end. The trolley carries the
electric motor, gearing and a winch that
wind up the wire rope carrying the load.
The load can be raised, moved and
lowered at any point along the full length
of the work shop. There are very large
outdoor overhead cranes as well, called
 A . Overhead line 1 is an example of a
compound word- two words joined to
make one. Make other compound words
from the following list:

work shaft up wind

water screen rust proof
tight crank right shop

‘Goliath cranes’, which run along tracks

placed at ground-level.

Most cranes have steel hooks, to

which the loads are fastened, at the end
of their lifting ropes. But for lifting loose
material, such as grain or sand, they have
‘grabs’ which open and close like jaws.
When scrap iron and steel have to be
moved, electro-magnets inay be dropped
into the scrap. When the electricity is
switched on, the magnets attract large
amounts of iron scrap. This is carried
away, and dropped by switching off the
magnet.
Complete each of these sentences with
one of the compound word you have
made:
(i) The metal shaft was very well –
equipped.
(ii) The action of the pistons turns the
crank .
(iii) A stone struck the screen of the car
and shattered it.
(iv) The mains girders were placed in an
right position.
(v) The metal has been coated with a
rust substance
(vi) The windows had to be repaired
because they were not work .

EXCERCISES
1. Vocabulary B. Learn these prefixes:
ad, ac, at = to, towards
attract = to draw towards
Look up the meaning of these words in
your dictionaries:
accelerated adjusted attached
accumulators advance
Complete each of these sentences with a
word taken from the above list:
(i) They decided to advance the firing
time of the spark – plug.
(ii) In addition to its use in
accumulators lead is also used as a base
for lead paint.
(iii) A hook is attached to the wire rope
on the crane.
(iv) The temperature of the room can be
adjusted by the thermostat.
(v) The driver accelerated . and passed
the truck in front.
2. Comprehension
A. Explain brielly how a jib crane lifts its
load.
A crane lifts its load by winding a
wire rope rond a drum called a
winch. This is driven through a
train of gears by an engine or an
electric motor. The operator can
stop it and hold it in any position
by powerful brakes. Most jib
cranes can swivel round in a full
circle and they may be mounted
on wheels so that they can move
from place to place.
B. Choose the correct answer a, b, c, or d,
to each of the following questions:
(i) According to the passage, what is the
fulcrum?
a. the jib
b. the train of gears
c. the pivot about which movement
takes places
d. part of the winc
(ii) According to the passage, what may
the crane do if it lifts too heavy a load?
a. snap the wire rope
b. drop the load
c. damage the brakes
d. tip forward
(iii) According to the passage, which of
the following is not found on the
wheelend trolley:
a. an electric motor
b. a winch
c. the gearing
d. steel hooks
(iv) According to the passage, what are
the ‘grabs’ for?
a. to operate the winch
b. to pick up loose materials
c. to control the electric motor
d. to move the wheelend trolley
C. Explain what the following refer to:
(i) ‘it’ in line 14.
(ii) ‘this’ in line 18
3. Language Practice
A. Study this sentence:
A crane lifts its load by winding a wire
rope round a drum.
Change the following into sentences in
the style of the sentence above:
(i) If machinery is installed, production
will be increased.
Production will be increased by installing
machinery
(ii) If panels are pre-cast on the site,
costs will be reduced.
Costs will be reduced by pre-casting
panels on the site
(iii) If a catalyst is used, the refining
process will be speeded up.
Refining process will be speeded up by
using a catalyst.
(iv) If a strong spring is inserted, faster
valve operation will be obtained.
Faster valve operation will be obtained by
inserting a strong spring.
B. Study these sentences:
(i) Cranes are mounted on wheels.
(ii) This enables them to move from companies: provide employment
place to place. for thousands of
(iii) Cranes are mounted on wheels so people
that they can move from place to place. pay workers good
wages (furthermore)
Change each of the following pairs of
sentences into a sentence in the style of 4. Composition
(iii) above. Write a paragraph by joining the groups
(i) Computers are used in banks. They of sentences below. Use the following
enable the clerks to get information joining words and combinations of
quickly and accurately. joining words (The numbers indicate the
Computers are used in banks so they can groups of sentences where they are to be
enable the clerks. used.) You will have to do some
(ii) Moulds are set up on the building rearrangement of words.
site. This enables the workers to cast the Take care with your grammar.
panels economically. (i) when (ii) which
Moulds are set up on the building site so (ii) after (iv) which ... and
they can cast the panels economically. (v) which ... that (vi) either ... or
(iii) Grabs are used on a crane. This
enables the operator to pick up loose
material.
Grabs are used on a crane so that they
can pick up loose material.
(iv) Men use levers. This enables them to
lift heavy weights.
Men use levers so that hey can lift heavy
weights.
C. Study the use of ‘as well’ in line 38 of
the passage. It is used to add more
information to a statement. As well,in
addition, also, furthermore are all used in
a similar way. Use on of these words or
phrasws to write two sentences about (vii) when .... and ... not only ... but also
each of the following. Use the words in
brackets to start your second sentence. (i) Goods are sent overseas, when They are
loaded quickly by cranes into spesial container
(i) Electric ships.
door bells: easy to install
(ii) A container is a very large, rectangular
inexpensive to run (in
box. after of all shapes and sizes can be put
addition) into this box.
(ii) Cranes; can lift a heavy load
Can carry it to a new
Position (also) (iii) The containers are packed through a
(iii) Generators: produce alternating door at one end. which The goods have been
Current carried there by a conveyor belt.
(iv) Large
construction (iv) A conveyor consists of a band made of
rubber or canvas. which This band runs along
the top of rollers. and It carries things on its
upper surface.

(v) The goods are sometimes carried to the

far end of the container by a small forklift
truck. Which is It has two metal prongs. that
The prongs carry the load.

(vi) These machines can be driven by a diesel

engine. either They can be driven by an
electric motor.

(vii) The electric trucks carry their own power

supply in large storage batteries. when These
batteries are re-charged at the end of each
day.

(viii) The containers arrive at their final

destination. They are emptied . This saves
time. This reduces the chance of damage.