MODALS

ABILITY:
can
could
be able to

POSSIBILITY:
can
may+ infinitive
could
might
must

PERMISSION:
can
could
might (p)
may (p)

REQUESTS:
can, could
will, would
may

OBLIGATION:
must
have/ has to
had to
need

PROHIBITION: mustn’t / can’t

⟴I mustn’t / shouldn’t eat more cake. I’m on a diet.

⟴I think you should go to bed early. You look exhausted.
⟴If you are late for class, you should/ ought to say sorry to the teacher.
⟴The train was delayed, so I couldn’t/ wasn’t able to go there.
⟴He finally got the job. He must be really happy.
⟴You ought to/ should / had better see a dentist.
⟴That’s what you should have done.