VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

“Jnana Sangama”, Belagavi- 590 018

INTERNSHIP REPORT
ON

“COLLEGE FORUM APPLICATION”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

Under the Guidance of

Internal Guide External Guide

Dr. Taranath N.L. Ph.D.,
Associate Professor Mr. Raja Shekhara
Dept. of CS & E Capulus Technologies Private Ltd
Chikkamagaluru

Submitted by
BHAVYA M N (4AI17CS022)
DEEPTHI A (4AI17CS032)
JYOTHIRMAYEE P V S N (4AI17CS041)
MEGHASHREE K S (4AI17CS052)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to V.T.U., Accredited by NBA)
CHIKMAGALUR-577102,
KARNATAKA 2020- 2021
ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)
CHIKKAMAGALURU,INDIA -577 102

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Internship work entitled “College Forum Application” is a

bonafide work carried out by Ms. Bhavya M N (4AI17CS022), Ms. Deepthi A
(4AI17CS032), Ms. Jyothirmayee PVSN (4AI17CS041), Ms. Meghashree K S
(4AI17CS052), 8th Semester B.E. in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of Bachelor
of Engineering in Computer Science and Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological
University, Belagavi, during the year 2020 - 2021. It is certified that all
corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the
report. The Internship report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements of
the prescribed for the said degree.

Signature of the Guide

Dr. Taranath N.L.
Ph.D., Associate
Professor Dept. of CS &
E

Signature of the Coordinator-1 Signature of the Coordinator-2

Dr. Taranath N.L. Ph.D., Mr. Darshan L.M.B.E., M.Tech.
Associate Professor Assistant Professor
Dept. of CS & E Dept. of CS & E

Signature of the HOD Signature of the Principal

Dr. PushpaRavikumar B.E., M.Tech., Ph.D, LMISTE Dr. C.T Jayadeva B.E., M.Tech., Ph.D
Professor & Head Principal,
Dept. of CS & E A.I.T, Chikkamagaluru
 DECLARATION
We, Ms. Bhavya M N, 4AI17CS022, Ms. Deepthi A, 4AI17CS032, Ms.
Jyothirmayee PVSN, 4AI17CS041, Ms. Meghashree K S, 4AI17CS052, students of 8th
semester B.E, in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, A.I.T,
Chikkamagaluru declare that the Internship report entitled “College Forum
Application” has been carried out by us and submitted in partial fulfillment of the
course requirements for the award of degree in Bachelor of Engineering in Computer
Science and Engineering of Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi
during the academic year 2019- 2020.

Date: 09-04-2021

Place: Chikkamagaluru

BHAVYA M N (4AI17CS022)
DEEPTHI A (4AI17CS032)
JYOTHIRMAYEE (4AI17CS041)
MEGHASHREE (4AI17CS052)
Dept. of CS&E
A.I.T, Chikkamagaluru
 ABSTRACT

The Rapid growth of android application is creating a great impact on our lives. This

Project deals with the students to assist them in the college environment with the help of

android operating system. This project requires for the student to check the availability of

staff members when they are in need of getting help from them and get circular information

instantly. Currently many android applications are available to favor the students with respect

to their studies such as to assist them in taking lecture notes or videos and remind the works

to be done by the student within the particular time etc. On the other hand this project aims to

assist the student updates their circular information like holidays, new events, assignment etc

which reduces the manual work.

This application shows the time table of their respective subject staff members.

Students can check their internal marks at any time. Also it notices that they work hard in

upcoming exams when they get fail mark. The software required for this project is android

operating system. This application provides good user friendly and it is cost effective. So that

every students can use this application.

i
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I express my humble Pranamas to his holiness Parama Poojya Jagadguru

Padmabushana Sri Sri Sri Dr. Balagangadharanatha Maha Swamiji and Parama
Poojya Jagadguru Sri Sri Sri Dr. Nirmalanandanatha Maha Swamiji and also to Sri
Sri Gunanatha Swamiji Sringeri Branch Chikkamagaluru who have showered their
blessings on us for framing our career successfully.

I am deeply indebted to our honorable Director Dr. C K Subbaraya for creating the
right kind of care and Infrastructure.

I am thankful to our beloved Principal Dr. C T Jayadeva for inspiring us to achieve

greater endeavors in all aspects of Learning.

I express my deepest gratitude to Dr. Pushpa Ravikumar, Professor & Head,

Department of Computer Science & Engineering for her valuable guidance , suggestions
and constant encouragement without which success of my Internship work would have
been difficult.

I am grateful to our coordinators Dr. Taranath N L and Mr. Darshan L M for their
excellent guidance, constant encouragement, support and constructive suggestions.

I am thankful to my guide Dr. Taranath N L, Asso. Professor, Dept. of Computer

Science & Engineering AIT, Chikkamagaluru for his inspiration and lively correspondence
right from the beginning of my Internship work till its completion.

I would like to thank our beloved parents for their support, encouragement and
blessings.

And last but not least, I would be pleased to express my heartfelt thanks to the all
teaching and non-teaching staff of CS&E Department and our friends who have rendered
their help, motivation and support.
BHAVYA M N (4AI17CS022)
DEEPTHI A (4AI17CS032)
JYOTHIRMAEE PVSN (4AI17CS041)
MEGHASHREE K S (4AI17CS052)

ii
 Table of Contents
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
Abstract i

Acknowledgements ii

Table of Contents iii

List of Figures v

List of Tables vi

List of Snapshots vii

Chapter 1 About The Company 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Vision and Mission 4

1.3 Management Team 5

1.4 Services 7

1.5 Business Process Analysis Develop Solutions Implementation 9

1.6 Consulting 10

1.7 Number of People Working In the Organization 12

1.8 Financial Details or Cost of the Organization 12

1.9 Operations of the Company 13
1.10 Summary 13

Chapter 2 About The Department 14

2.1 Overview of the Department 14

2.2 Healthcare IT 15

2.3 Design of Charak 16

2.4 Functionality of the Company 16

2.5 Organizational Structure 17

2.6 Technologies and Skills Used in the Department 19

2.7 Summary 21

iii
 Chapter 3 Task Performed 22

3.1 Introduction 22

3.2 Motivation 23

3.3 Problem Statement 23

3.4 Objectives 23

3.5 Scope of the Project 24

3.6 Review of Literature 24

3.7 Summary 26

Chapter 4 Reflection Notes 27

4.1 Introduction 27

4.2 Requirement Specification 29

4.3 Software Installation and Configuration 30

4.4 System Architecture 38

4.5 Algorithm 38

4.6 Use Case Diagram 39

4.7 System Testing 40

4.8 Result and Discussion 42

4.9 Summary 46

References 47

iv
 List of Figures
FIGURE NO FIGURE NAME PAGE NO

4.1 System Architecture 38

4.2 Use Case Diagram for Library Book Assignment 39

v
 LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Table Name Page no.

4.3 Test case for Admin 41

4.4 Test case for Book Assignment 42

vi
 LIST OF SNAPSHOTS
Snapshot No. Snapshot Name Page no.

4.5 Snapshot of Login Page of the Application 42

4.6 Snapshot of Student Data Page 43

4.7 Snapshot of Book Lending Page 44

4.8 Snapshot of Details of the Student Page 45

4.9 Snapshot of Details of the Student Page 46

 College Forum Application

Chapter 1
About The Company
Capulus Technologies is a strong focus on development of
1.1 Introduction
Software and Web Applications making use of Smart
Technologies, we started as Utilize Software’s in 2014, and
incorporated as Capulus Technologies Private Limited in May,
2017. Since founding, we have always believed in the highest level
of integrity, followed a people-oriented approach, and given back
to the society whenever possible. We continue to follow the
principle of “client first” in providing reliable and highly effective
services. It adopts a thin-client framework which allows the
software to be accessed remotely on internet and mobile phones. It
meets most of the documentation needs required for accreditation
and cashless insurance. Further, the in-house six sigma experts
ensure that the software is built with in-depth quality rigor while
adhering to user centric design principles.

 The focus

The company is dedicated to IT sectors in India. Each team

member is passionate about new technology and has various depth
of experience in IT field. This separates it from other run of the
mill software companies who try to do everything. The team has
Indian perspective in mind and develops products keeping Indian
needs in mind.

 The Approach

Capulus Technologies understands and develops solutions

individually for each client. It understands that each client is
unique and develops dedicated solutions delivering the best value
for each. It evaluates its success by use of its solutions and not by
one time sale. Real value is created only when solutions get
completely embedded in client's process.

 The Team
B.E., Dept of CS&E, AIT, Chikkamagaluru 1
 College Forum Application

Capulus Electronic Medical Record (EMR) modules,

Technologies
brings a rare mix
Management
Consultants and
Software
experts. They
have extensive
experience in
international
organization,
with cutting edge
technology and
business
practices. At
Capulus
Technologies,
they leverage
modern
management
skills and IT
tools to improve
health care
delivery and
education field.

1.1.1 Electronic
Medical
Record
(EMR)
Capulus
Technologies
takes pride in
its core

B.E., Dept of CS&E, AIT, Chikkamagaluru 2

which form the backbone of its hospital software solution. The EMR modules are unique in the
Indian healthcare software industry with significantly high usage both by the doctors as well as
nurses. While it retains the clinical intelligence relevant to the hospital senior doctors, it has
been designed to be simple enough for the hospital nurses to manage.
The EMR captures the entire patient medical information necessary for a medical
software, right from OPD to post discharge, including history, examination, diagnosis notes,
ICD codes, OT notes, progress notes, ICU charts, Bed head tickets, Order details, medication
administration records, radiology images etc. all of which consolidate to generate a pre-
populated discharge. Such consolidated EMR allows for a patient visit wise analysis thereby
making the medical software much more useful.
1.1.2 Clinical Information System (CIS)
The EMR (Electronic Medical Record) modules build the cornerstone to the unique
clinical information system (CIS) modules, one of the most comprehensive clinical solutions in
the Indian healthcare software space. The CIS modules are increasingly adopted by progressive
hospitals to bring intelligence in the healthcare software solution thereby managing generic
elements like drug interactions, dosage calculators, clinical protocols, care plans/ pathways,
decision support and specific clinical guidelines.
Further the CIS modules enhance the healthcare software by incorporating specialty
specific elements like growth charts (pediatrics), vaccination reminders, EDD reminders
(obstetrics), patient education, cancer staging (oncology), chemotherapy regime (oncology) etc.
The hospital software is enhanced by providing integration to suitable medical devices in the
lab and radiology as well as bed side devices. Increased integration with stand alone software
like PACS, bed side devices, DICOM Devices etc. allow for higher medical software usage and
seamless patient care.
1.1.3 Hospital Information System (HIS)
The entire hospital management software is built on a strong backbone of administrative
software which covers the end-to-end hospital processes including hospital billing, thus
resulting in a completely paperless environment. Over 100 administrative modules patient flow
even while the patient is at home and even days after discharge. The Hospital Information
Systems covers all the core elements of RADT, hospital billing, material, pharmacy, lab,
radiology, scheduling, appointments, queue management, task lists, doctor management,
purchases, cashless insurance, regulatory compliance, quality audits, maintenance,
housekeeping, laundry, waste management, customer relationship management.
 The hospital software seamlessly integrates with standalone third party software for is a
non-patient processes like accounting (Tally integration, SAP integration) and human
resources.
1.1.4 Corporate social responsibility
The software has a clear focus on improving the healthcare delivery to the end customer-
the PATIENT. Asclepius aims to enable the doctors and the healthcare infrastructure with
adequate processes and IT tools to significantly improve the patient health.
Our solutions aim at improving the patient safety by minimizing errors in patient care
and making healthcare accessible to the masses. We leverage technology to get the care
providers and the patients in one virtual room- thus revolutionizing healthcare delivery for rural
and inaccessible patients.
 Reaching the furthest customers Tele-medicine in India has still not reached its potential
despite the best efforts from multiple stakeholders- government, doctors, and private hospitals.
Conceptually, this was seen as the next wave of innovation in Indian healthcare, where even the
rural and far-flung locations would have access to quality healthcare and premier doctor's
advice by creating a virtual interface for capturing symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and patient
care.
 It has been acknowledged that the technology to support tele-medicine has not been
able to deliver the required solutions at an affordable cost. Inefficient protocols for data transfer
and poor standardization have still required the need of significant doctors on the field and has
been unable to bring quality healthcare to the all the needy patients.
 At capulus we develop solutions to facilitate and standardize such IT solutions, whereby
doctors are able to reach multiple patients efficiently- remotely connected through smart and
simple clinical information systems.
 Lowering the healthcare cost per patient Current healthcare delivery mechanisms are
plagued with inefficient processes, repetitive activities and complex workflows. Evidently this
has led to higher costs of operation, which is eventually passed on to the customer.
 On the other hand, given the criticality of services, patients have historically been
paying arbitrary premiums to access the healthcare services. Organized hospitals have targeted
these costs to improve profitability, while small hospitals continue to pass on the high cost of
operations to the patients. At the other end of spectrum are the government hospitals, which
suffer from greater inefficiencies, but operate on altruist motives- thus, operating on
significant grants. Clearly, the absence of steady revenue streams.
 High operating costs have impacted the quality of patient care, while continuously
drawing tax-payer's money is committed to efficiency and has a clear focus on reducing the
overall cost of patient care.
 At capulus, we develop innovative ideas and cutting edge technology at a very
affordable cost- thereby minimizing overall cost of patient care. We strongly believe that such
cost reduction shall ultimately reach the patients thus reducing their healthcare burden.
 Patient protection and healthcare integrity historically, the hospitals in India do not
have a clear accountability to patient safety and thus poor patients continue to be exploited by
negligence and poor healthcare delivery. Increasingly the patients have reached out to judiciary
and several patient protection laws have been enforced to identify the negligence cases and
ensure quality of patient care.
 However the legal recourse has been slow and tedious- while it has started breaching
the trust shared between the doctor and the patient. Asclepius believes that while our solutions
will protect the patient from such exploitation on one hand- it will demonstrate the integrity of
the doctors on the other hand.
 The documentation and data generated through the CIS solutions have globally been
accepted as a legal proof and have helped greater accountability from the doctors. On the other
hand, the same data has been able to demonstrate the quality of the doctors with the 'proof of
intention'- and have protected them from false indictments.

1.2 Vision and Mission

Vision of the company is Improving Healthcare Delivery. Mission of the Asclepius is
Leverage IT to enhance efficiency in healthcare delivery and improve quality of patient care,
 Integrity: At Capulus Technologies, there is only one way to get things done- the
correct way. Means take precedence over ends. At the core of all that we do, there is an unsaid
rule of trust and responsibility for our actions which are consistently driven by the core values.
As a philosophy, we reinforce it every day in our commitment to deliver value to our clients. At
Capulus Technologies, it has moved from being just a core value to become a way of doing
business.
 Camaraderie: Your problem is our problem. We deliver because we are together. The
same belief transcends in our relationship with our clients. At Capulus Technologies, we have
created an ecosystem of faith, responsibility and trust which transcends in a confidence that
each one of us will be taken care of. We carry the same values to our clients taking
responsibility for every solution we deliver and being accountable for all our deliveries.
 Growth: If we stand still, we believe we are going backwards. In a technology
intensive industry, we are running a marathon to stand where we are- at the fore front of
technology- delivering value to all our stakeholders- our clients, our clients' patients,our
investors, our employees and our vision. At Capulus Technologies, every employee stands for
growth- to stay on the move and to build a firm which on the move.

1.2.1 Healthcare IT market

The industry has shown strong growth and is still considered to be 'under penetrated'. In
India, the CIS products are limited to select high end organized hospital chains- aiming at
standardizing services and IT enabling clinical interactions, thereby offering an integrated
patient care.
Large India based IT companies, like GE Healthcare have been at the forefront of
offering global IT tools to the Indian market. Comparatively, the adoption of IT in Indian mid-
sized hospitals is prevalent in hospital information services only. Typically the hospitals engage
IT companies to develop custom solutions specific to their HIS needs.
Typically, Indian doctors are reclusive of adopting IT and hence the healthcare software
in India is limited to Hospital Information Systems (HIS). However, a quick analysis of the
'cost of error' clearly shows the opportunity of maximum value creation is in clinical
information systems (CIS) than in administrative activities.
HIS systems have established the efficacy of IT solutions in the healthcare industry- by
relieving the doctors of the administrative activities. More so, increased exposure to IT has
reduced the 'usage barrier' for the doctors. Increasingly Indian doctors have been using IT for
personal email, browsing and practice knowledge studies. Going forward, Indian doctors are
expected to adopt IT for clinical purposes.
Several medical colleges have exposed doctors to IT for clinical purposes and there is a
stated demand for India-specific healthcare software.
1.3 Management Team
As a team there are significant complimentarily in the skill sets available- thus offering
a multi-dimensional solution to the client. Acquired global best practices in healthcare IT
delivery, while leading international teams in GE Healthcare. He has been leading several
teams for writing innovative software across all aspects of Healthcare workflows, devices and
processes.
 Vishal has provided strategic consulting to multiple national and global organizations-
addressing CEO agenda items- across entry strategy, process improvement, ERP
implementation and business process re-engineering.
Together they make a unique delivery team to offer all aspects of Healthcare solutions.
Capulus Technologies is led by a strong team with Indian rootings and extensive global
experience in developing end-to-end Healthcare IT solutions.
1.3.1 Benefits from Capulus Consulting to IT Staff
The Charak suite of product runs completely on Internet Explorer and hence no
installation required on the client machines. This reduces a great amount of installation and
support need of your IT staff.
In addition, Charak is built with high quality, which shields your IT staff from getting
"bugged" due to the "bugs" in the software product. The team will help you to set up the most
efficient and low maintenance IT infrastructure.
 Made to order software solutions Capulus Technologies understands that the healthcare
space is very vast and there are varying technological needs. Wherever needed, Asclepius takes
custom assignments in the space of healthcare delivery.
 Given the deep healthcare industry knowledge and expertise in IT delivery, the Capulus
Technologies team is uniquely qualified to undertake specific assignments- offering IT backed
solutions. The team of world class developers and management consultants leverage extensive
global best practices and technology to develop robust, simple and innovative solutions.
 The assignments have synergy with Capulus Technologies Charak suite of product and
contribute towards making the product richer and better. These assignments will be done
typically for those customers who want more from the existing modules in Charak or a
completely new module that enhances the product further.
 Capulus Technologies also takes those assignments where the end solution although is
not directly related with Charak but when it co - exists with Charak, it enhances the total value
offered to the customers. The customers to these offering can be hospitals, research or
academic institutes or other resellers in the healthcare space.
 These assignments follow Capulus Technologies normal model of delivery. We design
new process, if existing - we analyze the gaps in existing process and build our
recommendations. However, this step may be skipped if our customers or partners have already
completed this exercise.
  Once the requirements are frozen, Capulus Technologies team of developer completes
the development activity. All our solution are verified and validated. We have very capable
testing engineers who make sure that the product is completely verified. We also have a team of
doctors who make sure that the product is completely validated and works in the way that the
end users expect it to.
 To achieve seamless 'adoption' of solutions, we hand hold our clients through the
transition process. While our technology team conducts several quality checks and testing cases
to ensure seamless transition from paper based processes to IT enabled processes, the
implementation team works closely with the end users to make sure that they are adequately
trained and motivated to use these IT tools.
 Our team leverages unique implementation and change management tools to ensure
seamless and quick adoption of the IT tools. Typically, we conduct hands on training and
workshop for a core group of users, who act as champions of the IT team and further carry out
the training sessions to the next set of users, under the guidance of our trainers.
 This train-the-trainer approach is a globally accepted best practice to ensure that there
are internal champions leading wider acceptability and at least the internal champions are using
the IT tools completely.
 Structured communication plan for different stakeholders within the hospital for change
management. Partner closely with the senior leadership to ensure that the messages are
consistent and there is lesser resistance to the transition process.
1.4 Services
 Access Control - This module ensures efficient and secure way to control access to
applications and only authorized users gain access to patient data. There are business and
regulatory requirements for protecting privacy and ensuring the security of patient health
information.
This module helps hospitals to comply with these requirements. This follows the
industry standard Role Based Access Control mechanism in controlling the access to
information based on user’s function and role within the hospital. This simplifies user and
access control administration process and can be integrated easily with existing access control
solutions
 Scheduler – Scheduler is any hospital would want to use their resources in the most
optimal manner. Effective scheduling is an important factor in answering this need. The
module helps hospital in effectively scheduling patients, doctors, staffs, rooms (emergency,
ICU, OR, wards) and supplies. Scheduling module answers the need to effectively using the
precious resources of the hospital.
No more stranded doctors with wrong patient, no more confusion in the OR for missing
people or supplies, no more empty rooms when there is a long queue of patient waiting outside.
This module cuts your costs and improves your revenue as well.
 Billing & Insurance – Billing & Insurance is quietly stays on the back ground and
keeps track of all services offered to patient. Whenever needed, with a mouse click you can get
all the billing detail for a patient. No more keeping army of billing clerks or getting your nurse
to prepare bills instead of her clinical duties.
A guarantee that no bill is 'lost' and you don’t need to have an 'army' of staff to make this
happen. The insurance coverage in India has been rapidly increasing and hence the need for
cashless payments in the hospitals.
This module makes sure that hospital always have enough documents to get the claims
accepted by the payers. In the paper world there is a fair chance of 'loosing' documents which
in turn means lost money. A critical module for the hospitals to make sure that they get 100%
collection from the payers.
 Charting (Forms & Flow sheet) - It is specifically targeted for the nurses' need to
continuously chart the patient data. It takes direct inputs from devices and hence nurses do not
need spend time watching the medical devices. It also, presents data for several patients on the
nursing station. No more grappling with loose papers and the fear of losing them.
This module also makes available patient data for review by the physicians at different
point of care within a visit and also across visit. Due to electronic form of the charts the
hospital need not block real state space to just store paper records. The same space can be used
for more productive use.
 Registration & Admission - The registration module helps the user to register the
patient one time and reuse these records effectively across all visits to the hospital. The
registration records are mainly patient demographic and insurance data.
The admission module is used every time the patient needs to make an inpatient visit.
This module also leverages registration data and makes available all data collected at this stage
for care in the later stages of the visit. Both these modules are set in a way that it reduces the
time taken in the admission process.
A major pain point for both hospitals and the patient! These modules also set foundation
for patient data to be easily available across different stages of care and also across visit.
At this stage, pay or data is also collected which improves the guarantee to the patient in terms
of realizing the payment.
 Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) - CPOE is a time taking period to
write orders for medication, lab tests and scans with all possible specifications. This module
provides with packaged template that doctors and nurses can use to write their orders in few
clicks. The module also gives your doctor the capability to review and sign the orders remotely
from their mobile devices.
So, no more asking your doctors to rush in and minimal waiting time before nurses can
get the orders signed off and fulfill the orders for the patient. This module together with the
'patient history' module gives the capability to the doctors to review all aspects of patient
records (including cross specialty) and write orders without rushing to patient’s bedside every
time.
This module together with the 'patient history' module gives the capability to the
doctors to review all aspects of patient records (including cross specialty) and write orders
without rushing to patient’s bedside every time.
 Workflow – Workflow is helps in automating and assisting in the management of tasks
and the flow of work-items from one task to another. They encompass a number of functions
like authorization, authentication, scheduling, monitoring, event processing, queues,
prioritization, escalation, load balancing, task termination, auditing etc.
This module helps the entire Charak suite of product in overcoming the trap of working
like a departmental solution and limited workflow coverage. This in turn helps hospitals in
driving operational efficiencies across department and process boundaries. This module
provides means to manage hospital processes so that the right information is made available to
the right individual at the right time.
 Patient History – Patient History is makes available the sum of all patient data that gets
collected over multiple visits of the patient. They would include all relevant data from family
history to personal history including past/on-going treatment, medication etc. All this data is
available on care providers finger tips and can be easily shared asneeded.

1.5 Business process analysis developed solutions Implementation

They begin an engagement with a business process analysis of the hospital to identify
opportunities for improvement, unlocking potential and achieving operational efficiencies.
Often, the processes in the hospital have evolved on a legacy manner with no conscious effort
to optimize processes and achieve efficiencies.
Capulus Technologies conducts an end to end business process analysis and use cutting
edge business process framework to identify opportunities. The opportunities are mapped as
process changes, discussed with the top management and an implementation road map are
chalked out for the same.
Further we identify the processes which can achieve their true potential through IT-
enabling the processes and develop innovative solutions for rolling out the recommended
processes. Those solutions which directly fit as a product feature for Charak are implemented as
a backbone for the IT solutions. However, for the specific process requirements for the hospital
while we design and implement simple and elegant solutions to offer an end-to-end IT solution
for the process improvements.
Their experience shows that the IT tools in the Indian healthcare industry run the risk of
poor adoption and low utilization if the entire solution is not implemented as an end-to-end
solution. To achieve their ultimate objective of IT implementation in the hospital, they offer
services to handhold the organization through the delivery process.
One of the biggest causes of failure of such a BPR exercise has been the lack of decisive
direction provided by the leadership. Asclepius offers to support the senior hospital leadership to
drive these changes, implement solutions through unique change management tools like
workshops, train-the- trainer approach, mass communication etc.

1.6 Consulting
The consulting practice at Capulus Technologies is drawing from client commitment to
deliver efficient and effective solutions for our client. With commitment and thought leadership
in the healthcare industry, they are confident of identifying the opportunities within the hospitals
and demonstrate tangible recommendation backed with their IT delivery capabilities.
Whether the focus is on strategy or operations, on organizational change or strategic
business technology, our team is committed to helping clients improve their services, their
business relationships and their bottom li ne economics. Their consultants are known for their
highly collaborative, team-oriented approach to working with our clients and deliver 'high
performance process solutions. Overall, we leverage our technology team to develop the specific
and meaningful IT solutions for our clients.
 Access Control
This module ensures efficient and secure way to control access to applications and
only authorized users gain access to patient data. There are business and regulatory
requirements for protecting privacy and ensuring the security of patient health information.
This module helps hospitals to comply with these requirements.
This follows the industry standard Role Based Access Control mechanism in
controlling the access to information based on user’s function and role within the hospital.
This simplifies user and access control administration process and can be integrated easily with
existing access control solutions.

 Scheduler
Any hospital would want to use their resources in the most optimal manner. Effective
scheduling is an important factor in answering this need. The module helps hospital in
effectively scheduling patients, doctors, staffs, rooms (emergency, ICU, OR, wards) and
supplies. Scheduling module answers the need to effectively using the precious resources of
the hospital. No more stranded doctors with wrong patient, no more confusion in the OR for
missing people or supplies, no more empty rooms when there is a long queue of patient
waiting outside. This module cuts your costs and improves your revenue as well.

 Billing & Insurance

This module quietly stays on the back ground and keeps track of all services offered to
patient. Whenever needed, with a mouse click you can get all the billing detail for a patient.
No more keeping army of billing clerks or getting your nurse to prepare bills instead of her
clinical duties. A guarantee that no bill is 'lost' and you don’t need to have an 'army' of staff to
make this happen.
 Charting (Forms & Flow sheet)

This module is specifically targeted for the nurses need to continuously chart the
patient data. It takes direct inputs from devices and hence nurses do not need spend time
watching the medical devices. It also, presents data for several patients on the nursing station.
No more grappling with loose papers and the fear of losing them.
This module also makes available patient data for review by the physicians at different
point of care within a visit and also across visit. Due to electronic form of the charts the
hospital need not block real state space to just store paper records. The same space can be used
for more productive use.

 Registration & Admission

 The registration module helps the user to register the patient one time and reuse these
records effectively across all visits to the hospital. The registration records are mainly patient
demographic and insurance data. The admission module is used every time the patient needs to
make an inpatient visit. This module also leverages registration data and makes available all data
collected at this stage for care in the later stages of the visit. Both these modules are set in a way
that it reduces the time taken in the admission process. A major pain point for both hospitals and
the patient! These modules also set foundation for patient data to be easily available across
different stages of care and also across visit. At this stage, payer data is also collected which
improves the guarantee to the patient in terms of realizing the payment.

 Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE)

It is a time taking period to write orders for medication, lab tests and scans with all
possible specifications. This module provides with packaged template that doctors and nurses can
use to write their orders in few clicks. The module also gives your doctor the capability to review
and sign the orders remotely from their mobile devices. So, no more asking your doctors to rush
in and minimal waiting time before nurses can get the orders signed off and fulfill the orders for
the patient.

1.7 Number of People Working In the Organization

Capulus Technologies has a separate dedicated team of professionals who have been
continuously working on enhancing the product functionality, making it robust and scalable on
Java and other platforms. The team comprises of 20 knowledge resources with a healthy mix of
project managers, functional analyst, architects, developers and testers. The team has an expertise
in both J2EE and .NET technologies.

1.8 Financial Details or Cost of the Organization

The team will begin an engagement with a business process analysis of the hospital to
identify opportunities for improvement, unlocking potential and achieving operational
efficiencies. Often, the processes in the hospital have evolved on a legacy manner with no
conscious effort to optimize processes and achieve efficiencies. They conduct an end to end
business process analysis and use cutting edge business process framework to identify
opportunities.
The opportunities are mapped as process changes, discussed with the top management and
an implementation road map are chalked out for the same. Further we identify the
 processes which can achieve their true potential through IT-enabling the processes and develop
innovative solutions for rolling out the recommended processes.
Those solutions which directly fit as a product feature for Charak are implemented as a
backbone for the IT solutions. However, for the specific process requirements for the hospital
while design and implement simple and elegant solutions to offer an end-to-end IT solution for
the process improvements. Our experience shows that the IT tools in the Indian healthcare
industry run the risk of poor adoption and low utilization if the entire solution is not
implemented as an end-to-end solution.
To achieve their ultimate objective of IT implementation in the hospital, they offer
services to handhold the organization through the delivery process. One of the biggest causes of
failure of such a BPR exercise has been the lack of decisive direction provided by the leadership.
Asclepius offers to support the senior hospital leadership to drive these changes, implement
solutions through unique change management tools like workshops, train-the- trainer approach,
mass communication etc.
1.9 Operation of the Company Different Department and Its Function

Operation of the Company has having Different kinds Department or section like Health
care, android section and java section.
1.10 Summary

This chapter describes the about company. Section 1.1 presents the brief about company.
Section 1.2 describes history of company. Section 1.3 follows the vision and mission of the
company. Section 1.4 briefs about management team of company. Section 1.5 explains product
and services offered by company and also financial details. Section 1.6 brief about number of
people working in the organization. Section 1.7 brief about financial detail. Section 1.8 brief about
operation of the company in different department and its function.
 College Forum Application

Chapter 2
About The Department
2.1 Overview of the Department
Capulus Technologies offers its services for developing customized IT solutions for its
clients to suit their business requirements. The software services are offered across industry
domains and technology platforms. These services are offered on an offshore and on-site
software delivery model, backed by strict delivery schedules and quality program.
Our highly skilled development team has expertise in a wide array of software
platforms, technologies including Java /.NET, Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), Open
Source Development, and Mobile Application Development. The key values in this area:
 Arm our clients with systems that give them an edge over their competitors, thereby
increasing their market share.
 Provide support for our clients existing and new business requirements, products,
and services.
 Focus on elimination of manual business processes that result in higher efficiency and
productivity.
 Adhere to Quality Standards and Certifications that determine a high-level of
quality services.
 Adhere to Regulatory Requirements.

The Indian healthcare delivery is a strong candidate for IT backed process

improvement. Significant benefits can be achieved by streamlining activities, redesigning
workflows and institutionalizing processes across the hospital. The process design has to take
an integrated hospital view- rather than myopically optimizing departments and functions.
Globally, IT adoption and implementation of hospital-wide software systems is an accepted
solution to roll out efficient and standardized processes.
Capulus adopts this holistic approach at IT implementation to study the processes, offer
management consulting and process changes and supports these recommendations with suitable
IT solutions. HIS systems have established the efficacy of IT solutions in the healthcare
industry- by relieving the doctors of the administrative activities. More so, increased exposure
to IT has reduced the 'usage barrier' for the doctors.
Increasingly Indian doctors have been using IT for personal email, browsing and
practice knowledge studies. Going forward, Indian doctors are expected to adopt IT for clinical

B.E., Dept of CS&E, AIT, Chikkamagaluru 14

purposes. Several medical colleges have exposed doctors to IT for clinical purposes and there
is a stated demand for India-specific healthcare software.
2.2 Healthcare IT
Globally most of the healthcare software services can be broadly categorized into HIS
(Hospital Information System) and CIS (Clinical Information System) and other ancillary or
department system. HIS Hospital information systems cater to all activities for a hospital -
which can typically be carried out with the intervention of a doctor.
Typically, activities like scheduling, registration, billing, etc. are categorized as HIS.
HIS software has minimal implication to the clinical encounter and is used by hospital
administrative personnel addressing the back office processes. The interface with the clinicians
is typically through printouts.
CIS Clinical information system (CIS), on the other hand, spans all the activities which
impact the clinical encounter- doctors/ nurses - regarded by doctors as the 'sacred space'. All
elements of patient care- recording vital signs, observing symptoms, investigative reports
through labs and radiology, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment plan, inpatient monitoring and
medicine administering, discharge and follow up- are all under the purview of clinical
information centers.
It also develops softwares for the hospital and management. Charak allows doctors to
conduct 'repetitive activities' in an efficient and effective way. This ensures high quality on
each interaction with every patient. It is important to understand that any software cannot
replace a doctor. It is a smart tool to help the doctor in carrying out their usual routine more
efficiently.
In the following text, there are few example of scenarios when it will help the doctor.
There can be many more. When the patient turns up without the old prescription the system
provides the entire patient history. When 70% of the patients appear with similar ailments, have
same diagnosis and need the same treatment. The system helps by providing clinical guidelines
from standards and also as set by the doctors themselves.
When patient presents in an emergency and there is very little time to find the blood
group. From the past record the system will remember and tell the doctor the blood group of the
patient. When due to large data there is a chance that drug - allergy and drug - drug interactions
get overlooked.
The system remembers all such interactions and presents a warning before any order is
sent that can cause negative effects to the patient. When the patient and doctor and the
anesthetist are in the Operation Room and the linen has not been changed. The system makes
sure that all resources are effectively scheduled ahead of time and all stakeholders are informed
to be prepared.
When the patient reaches a cardiologist with urological problem. The system avoids
this situation by intelligently scheduling patient based on their chief complaint. When the
radiologist sitting in Bangalore wants to review the scan done by the field team in rural areas.
The system brings the scanned image to the radiologists' office and carries back the report to
the field team in almost real time.
When the doctor wants to remind himself of the medication given - when the patient
calls for further advice. The system provides all past history of the patient including
medication.
2.3 Design of Charak
Charak is completely configurable (you build your own workflow) and modular (you
pick only the feature that are critical for you) in nature. Each module seamlessly integrates and
communicates with other standard healthcare software in the provisional diagnosis,
investigation, management and follow up.
The product addresses the specific needs of practices viz. Cardiology, Gynecology,
Ophthalmology, ENT and General Medicine. Charak also addresses your need to be flexible on
hardware interface and supports PDAs, pocket PC, Mobile phone, Graffiti Boards, Laptops,
tablet PC, touch screens, keyboard & mouse.
Software understand the complexity in Android application development because
various manufacturers have various Android version, screen size and dimension available to the
market. We empower each of our Android applications with rich-feature, well design and
smooth transition.
Our expertise start with strong java, android SDK, XML, JSON, Java, Spring MVC,
Spring, Web Services, SQL Lite, resource optimization techniques, NDK. Our developers just
not write codes but transform requirements into compelling, usable, media-rich interactive
experiences.
2.4 Functionality of the Company
The main aim and functionality of the company is to Define Identify Product/ Process
Performance & Reliability CTQ ' s (Critical To Quality parameters), Set Quality Goals clearly
define the definition of quality
 Measure Develop the detail CTQ Flow down and Transfer Function Structure together.
  Analyze Develop Conceptual Designs, and design for reliability together with
requisite score cards and risk assessments.
 Design Build system & sub-system models and identify specific design activities which
influence the quality parameters.
 Optimize the design to yield a robust and error proof design, tested for tolerance and
stress conditions.
 Verify the products through structured test cases and develop control plans at the
client site. Participate in usage history, document implementation cases and errors on
field.
2.5 Organizational structure
 Board of Directors: These are elected by the shareholders, the board of directors are
made up of two types of representatives .The first type includes individuals chosen from the
company, and this could be the CEO, CFO, manager who works for the company for daily
basis.
 The other type of representative is chosen externally and is considered to be
independent from the company. In essence, the board of directors tries to make sure that
shareholders' interests are well served. Furthermore the board members can be divided into
three specialized categories.
 Chairman He is technically the leader of the corporation, the chairman person or
chairman of the board is responsible for running the board smoothly. His or her duties typically
include maintaining strong communication.
 The chief executive officer and high-level executives, formulating the company's
business strategy, representing management and the board to the general public and
shareholders, and maintaining corporate Technology.
 Inside Directors these directors are responsible for approving high-level budgets
prepared by upper management, implementing and using business strategy, and approving core
corporate of the projects.
 Inside directors help provide internal perspectives for other board members. These
individuals are also referred to as executive directors if they are part of company's management
team.
 Outside Directors As the inside directors in determining strategic direction and
corporate policy, outside directors are different in that they are not directly part of the
management team. The purpose of having outside directors is to provide unbiased and impartial
perspectives on issues brought to the board.
  Chief Executive Officer (CEO) :Typically responsible for the entire operations of the
corporation and reports directly to the chairman and board of directors of the organization for
the daily transactions. CEO is also responsible for making decision to implement in and to
maintain a smooth operation of the firm the CEO will also be designated as the company's
president and therefore also be one of the inside directors on the board (if not the chairman).
 Also reporting directly to the CEO, the CFO is responsible for analyzing and reviewing
financial data, reporting financial performance, preparing budgets and costs. The CFO is
required to present this information to the board of directors at regular intervals and provide
this information to shareholders and regulatory bodies. Also usually referred to as a senior vice
president, the CFO routinely checks the corporation's financial health.
 Chief Operations Officer (COO) He is responsible for the corporation's operations, the
COO looks after issues related to marketing, sales, production and personnel. More hands-on
than the CEO, the COO looks after day-to-day active while providing feedback to the CEO.
Project Manager The person responsible for developing, in conjunction with the Project
Sponsor, a definition of the project.
 The Project Manager then ensures that the project is delivered on time, to budget and to
the required quality standard (within agreed specifications). He/she ensures the project is
effectively resourced and manages relationships with a wide range of groups (including all
project contributors). The Project Manager is also responsible for managing the work of
consultants, allocating and utilizing resources in an efficient manner and maintaining a co-
operative, motivated and successful team. Senior Software Engineer Develops software
solutions by studying information needs; conferring with users; studying systems flow, data
usage, and work processes; investigating problem areas; following the software development
lifecycle.
 Determines operational feasibility by evaluating analysis, problem definition,
requirements, solution development, and proposed solutions. Documents and demonstrates
solutions by developing documentation, flowcharts, layouts, diagrams, charts, code comments
and clear code. Improves operations by conducting systems analysis; recommending changes in
policies and procedures.
 Software engineer Must Coordinate with the Technical Director on current
programming tasks. Collaborate with other programmers to design and implement features.
Quickly produce well-organized, optimized, and documented source code. Create and
document software tools required by artists or other developers. Debug existing source code
and polish feature sets. Contribute to technical design documentation. Work independently
when required.

2.6 Technologies and skills used in the department

2.6.1 RESTful Web Services
RESTful Web Services are REST architecture based web services. In REST Architecture
everything is a resource. RESTful web services are light weight, highly scalable and
maintainable and are very commonly used to create APIs for web based applications. REST
stands for REpresentational State Transfer. REST is web standards based architecture and uses
HTTP Protocol for data communication.
It revolves around resource where every component is a resource and a resource is
accessed by a common interface using HTTP standard methods. REST was first introduced by
Roy Fielding in 2000. As RESTful web services work with HTTP URLs Paths so it is very
important to safeguard a RESTful web service in the same manner as a website is be secured.
Following are the best practices to be followed while designing a RESTful web service.
 Validation.
 Session based authentication.
 No sensitive data in URL.
 Restriction on Method execution.
 Validate Malformed XML/JSON.
 Throw generic Error Messages.

2.6.2 JDBC
JDBC API is a Java API that can access any kind of tabular data, especially data stored in
a Relational Database. JDBC works with Java on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac
OS, and the various versions of UNIX.
Figure 2.1 shows the JDBC stands for Java Database Connectivity, which is a standard
Java API for database-independent connectivity between the Java programming language and a
wide range of databases. The JDBC library includes APIs for each of the tasks mentioned
below that are commonly associated with database usage.
 Figure 2.1: Machine learning for java developer.
 Creating SQL or MySQL statements.
 Executing SQL or MySQL queries in the database.
 Viewing & Modifying the resulting records.
 Fundamentally, JDBC is a specification that provides a complete set of interfaces
that allows for portable access to an underlying database.

The JDBC API supports both two-tier and three-tier processing models for database access but
in general, JDBC Architecture consists of two layers,

 JDBC API: This provides the application-to-JDBC Manager connection.

 JDBC Driver API: This supports the JDBC Manager-to-Driver Connection.

The JDBC API uses a driver manager and database-specific drivers to provide
transparent connectivity to heterogeneous databases.
The JDBC driver manager ensures that the correct driver is used to access each data
source. The driver manager is capable of supporting multiple concurrent drivers connected to
multiple heterogeneous databases.
 College Forum Application

2.6.3 MySQL
MySQL is the most popular Open Source Relational SQL database management
system. MySQL is one of the best RDBMS being used for developing web-based software
applications. MySQL is the second widely used RDBMS (relational data-base management
system) and most used open-source RDBMS.
The SQL acronym is structured query language. MySQL is open-source project that
has made the source code which was put under the terms of GNU-General Public License
which is under variety of proprietary agreements. MySQL was owned & sponsored by a
single for profit of his firm but now the Swedish company MySQL is now owned by Oracle
Corporation.
2.6.4 Servlet
Servlet technology is used to create web application (resides at server side and
generates dynamic web page). Servlet technology is robust and scalable because of java
language. Before Servlet, CGI (Common Gateway Interface) scripting language was popular
as a server-side programming language. But there was many disadvantages of this technology.
Using Servlets, user can collect input from users through web page forms, present records
from a database or another source, and create web pages dynamically. Java Servlets often
serve the same purpose as programs implemented using the Common Gateway Interface
(CGI).
2.6.5 Ajax
Ajax refers to group of inter-related Web-development technique which is used on the
client side to create Web applications which acts as asynchronous. Using Ajax, web
applications send data and retrieve from a server in asynchronously manner without effecting
the display and behavior of the existing page.
Data can is retrieved using XML, Http Request object. Despite the name, the use of
XML is not required (JSON is often used in the AJAJ variant), and the requests do not need to
be asynchronous.

2.7 Summary

This chapter describes about the department. Section 2.1 presents the brief about
department. Section 2.2 describes history of health care IT. Section 2.3 follows the design of
charak. Section 2.4 briefs about functionality of the company. Section 2.5 explains the
organizational structure. Section 2.6 brief about technologies and skills used in the
department.
B.E., Dept of CS&E, AIT, Chikkamagaluru 21
Chapter 3

Task Performed

3.1 Introduction

World is contracting with the growth of mobile phone technology. As the number of users is
increasing day by day, facilities are also increasing. Starting with simple regular handsets which were
used just for making phone calls, mobiles have changed our lives and have become part of it

Now they are not used just for making calls but they have innumerable uses and can be used as
a Camera, Music player, Tablet PC, T.V, Web browser etc. and with the new technologies, new
software and operating systems are required. For building real time applications, android is feasible
software development kit with comprehensive set of tools. The objective of this Project is to assist the
students in the college environment with the help of android operating system. College students are
able to access their required information such as availability of staff members when they need help
from them, to know the circular information and their internal marks.
The students in the college environment may need to get signature from staff members for
their record note books, Attendance register, any other official work or to get help for personal work
etc. At that time they keep on searching the staff members in the college campus. So an android
application is used to avoid this problem. This application helps the student to know the current status
or place of a staff member who they have been searching in the campus. So that students can get help
easily.
Usually the college relied heavily on paper records for managing the student’s data, official
work and any other means. The students have to visit the notice board to know the details. Otherwise
the information is circulated through the non-teaching staff members in the college. It takes a very
long time to convey the information to the student. Paper records are difficult to manage, to retrieve,
alter, and re-file the paper records are all non-value added activities.
This android application aims to provide the information instantly and the students able to see
the details at any time which reduces the manual work. This system can be used by educational
institutes to pass the information easily. This will alert the students if they secure low mark in the
subject. According to that the students able to plan their studies and can secured good marks in the
subject. This paper focuses on presenting information and provides the availability of the staff
members in an easy and intelligible manner.
3.2 Motivation
In our existing system, all the transaction of between student and staff are done manually, so taking
more time for a transaction like assigning a task and also for searching of students and books. Another
major disadvantage is that preparing the list of students present in class and interaction will take more
time, currently a one day process for verifying all records. Present College forum applications are not
intended for mobile phones, so being mobile is important because mobile phones support Wireless
Markup Language (WML) and not HTML. So after conducting the feasibility study this project aims
to make a computerized interaction application.

3.3 Problem Statement

Proposed software is to be developed for automating a College Interaction. The System should be
standalone in nature. It should be designed with a focus on security and should have a break through user
interface to make it easy for the people working on it. The following functionalities are required:
 A student can ask queries in the chat section..
 A member should be able to interact easily.
 The software takes the current system date and other information about the student.
 Managing all post, replies and like from users with proper well-structured flow.

 A group of students can become a community of participants who begin to grow in their
understandings of course material and individual contributions.
 The information is saved and the corresponding updating takes place in the database.

3.4 Objectives
 The objective of the College Forum Application is to handle the entire activity of a college.
 The software Keeps track of all the information about the students and their complete details.
 The System contains the database where all the information will be stored safely.
 To reduce paper work, to give high performance, to retrieve information in minimum time, more
user friendly and to reduce overload.

3.5 Scope of the project

 To make the existing system more efficient.
 To provide user friendly environment where user can be serviced better.
 To make functioning of College Forum Application faster.
 Provide a system where the staff can easily interact with the question and answer to the required
student and can see the student details.
  Very flexible and more convenient system for users.

3.6 Review of Literature

There is lots of work, researches are being carried out on android application particularly in the services
management system related android application, and here there are few of the related works to our
application. College Forum management system also known as Student Portal system, provides automation
for all aspects of the operation of a student. These systems are generally organized into modules that address
specific functional areas such as acquisition, cataloguing, circulation, OPAC, serial control, reporting etc.

Android tutorials
Android tutorials are the important reference us to learn the basics of android. The tutorial mainly
contains information from installation of tools to execution of the program. Contain definition of an
android, feature of the android, android application, environment set up like set up java development kit
(JDK), set up software development kit (SDK), and set up android development tools (ADT).

Jianye Liu, Jiankun Yu “Research on Development of Android Applications”

This paper introduces the Android platform and the features of Android applications, gave a
detailed description of Android application framework from the perspective of developers. A simple music
player is provided as instance to illustrate the basic working processes of Android application components.
This paper provided guidance to understanding the operation mechanism of Android applications and to
developing applications on Android platform [3].
Application framework defined the common structure of programs in the specific domain.
Essentially, a framework is a component that can be reused, it set the architecture of applications and
incorporated as a set of abstract classes and the cooperation of their instances. Android is an open source
operating system based on Linux kernel and launched by Google. Unlike PC operating system, mobile
phone operating systems are constrained by their hardware, storage space, power dissipation and mobility
conditions. Compared with the development of applications on PC, there are some different features of
applications on mobile phone operating systems. This paper introduced the basic architecture and
application framework of Android operating system, gives a detailed description of main structure of
Android applications and the methods of developing applications based on Android application
framework.
A core feature of Android is that one application could use component element that belong to
another application (if the component is permitted using). In order to achieve such functions, Android
system must launch the application while any part of the application is asked and instantiate Java objects
that being asked. Unlike most operating system, there is no single point that the system can enter in an
Android application (for example, there no main ( ) function in an Android application). Instead, each
component is a different point through which the system can enter an application and instantiate component
object independently. There are four different types of application components. Each type serves a distinct
purpose and has a distinct lifecycle that defines how the component is created and destroyed.

An activity represents a single screen with a user interface. The activities in an application work
together to form a cohesive user experience, but each one is independent of the others. As such, a different
application can start any one of these activities. An activity is implemented as a subclass of Activity. The
particular form that an activity show users and the amount of activities in an application depend on how
the developer design the application. In a multiple activities application, typically, one activity is specified
as the "main" activity, which is presented to the user when launching the application for the first time.
Each activity can then start another activity in order to perform different actions. Each time a new activity
starts, the previous activity is stopped, but the system preserves the activity in a stack.
The existing system is manual based, the students go to a book store and then purchase the used
textbooks. It includes travel cost and time consuming. It may cause delays and failures to get the desired
book at the book store.
Firebase provides a real-time database and backend as a service. The service provides application
developers an API that allows application data to be synchronized across clients and stored on Firebase's
cloud. Firebase Storage provides secure file uploads and downloads for Firebase apps, regardless of
network quality. The developer can use it to store images, audio, video, or other user-generated content.
Firebase Storage is backed by Google Cloud Storage.
Applications which extend the functionality of devices are written using the Android software
development kit often, the Java programming language. Java may be combined with C/C++, together with
a choice of non-default runtimes that allow better C++ support. Google Play Store is the primary
application store installed on Android devices that comply with Google's compatibility requirements and
license the Google Mobile Services software.

3.7 Summary
The Third chapter describes the short livid introduction of how the Library Book Assignment
Application is performed. The motivation of the project is discussed in section 3.2. Problem statement of
the project explained in section 3.3. The objectives and the scope of the project is described in section 3.4
and 3.5 respectively. Finally section 3.6 gives details of the literature survey reviews of the important
papers referred.
Chapter 4
Reflection Notes

4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Programming language selection
We are selected java as a programming language to implement this project because of platform
independent and portable. Data Base we are using is the firebase database.
4.1.2 Key Features of Programming Language Used

 Simple: Java is Easy to write and more readable and eye catching. Most of the concepts are
drawn from C++ thus making Java learning simpler.
 Secure: Java program cannot harm other system thus making it secure. Java provides a
secure means of creating Internet applications. Java provides secure way to access web
applications.
 Portable: Java programs can execute in any environment for which there is a Java run-time
system. (JVM) Java programs can be run on any platform (Linux, Window, Mac)

 Object-oriented: Java programming is object-oriented programming language like C++

java provides most of the object oriented features.

 High Performance: With the use of Just-In-Time compilers, Java enables high
performance.

 Distributed: Java is designed for the distributed environment of the internet.

 JSON
The Key features of the JSON are:
 JSON is easy to read and write. It is a light weight text based interchange format.
 JSON is language independent.
 JSON syntax is basically considered as a subset of JavaScript syntax; it include the
following:
 Data is represented in name/value pairs.
  Curly braces hold objects and each name is followed by „:‟ (colon), the
name/value pairs are separated by , (comma).
 Square brackets hold arrays and values are separated by , (comma).

 XML

XML stands for Extensible Markup Language. It is a text-based markup language derived from
Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). XML tags identify the data and are used to store
and organize the data, rather than specifying how to display it like HTML tags, which are used to
display the data.

There are three important characteristics of XML that make it useful in a variety of systems and
solutions.

 XML is extensible: XML allows user to create users own self-descriptive tags, or
language, that suits the application.

 XML carries the data does not present it: XML allows user to store the data irrespective
of how it will be presented.

 XML is a public standard: XML was developed by an organization called

the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and is available as an open standard

4.1.3Architecture of android OS

 Applications Layer
Android ships with a set of core applications including an email client, SMS program,
calendar, maps, browser, contacts and others. All applications are built using the Java. Each of the
application aims at performing a specific task that it is actually intended to do.
 Application Framework Layer
The next layer is the application framework. This includes the programs that manage the
phones basic functions like resource allocation, telephone applications, switching between
processes or programs and keeping track of the phone's physical location. Application developers
have full access to Android's application framework. Application framework is a set of basic tools
 with which a developer can build much more complex tools.
 Libraries Layer

The next layer contains the native libraries of Android. These shared libraries are all C++,
compiled for the particular hardware architecture used by the phone and preinstalled by the phone
vendor.
 Android Runtime Layer

Android Runtime layer includes Dalvik Virtual Machine (DVM) and a set of core java
libraries. Every Android app gets its own instance of DVM. Dalvik has been written so that a
device can run multiple virtual machines efficiently and it executes files with .dex (Dalvik
Executable Format) extension optimized for minimum memory.

4.2 Requirement Specification

System requirement specifications gathered by extracting the appropriate information to
implement the system. It is the elaborative conditions which the system need to attain. Moreover,
the SRS delivers a complete knowledge of the system to understand what this project is going to
achieve without any constraints on how to achieve this goal. This SRS not providing the
information to outside characters but it hides the plan and gives little implementation details.
Hardware and software specification is the description of hardware and software
components used in application. It is the description of hardware and software system to be
developed and many includes a set of use cases that describes the interactions the user will have
with the software and hardware.

4.2.1 Software Specification

 Language used : Java (JDK v7 & JRE) and xml
 Platform : Android
 Tool : Android Studio 3.1
 SDK : 24.0.1 and higher, AVD
 Back End : Firebase database
 Operating System : Windows 8/ Windows 10
4.2.2 Hardware Specification
 Processor : Dual Core / i3 and above
 RAM : 2GB and above
 Speed : 500MHZand above
 Secondary device : 40GB and abov
 Device : Android Smart Phone

4.3 Software Installation and Configuration

Android Studio Installation: Android Studio is the official IDE for Android development.
Step-1: Go to https://developer.android.com/studio#downloads Website to Download Android Studio.
Step-2: Since Android’s source code is in Java or Kotlin, we need to install the Java Development
Kit (JDK) as well. Download and Install JDK file from JDK Executable file.

You can download it from https://www.oracle.com/in/java/technologies/javase-downloads.html

Step-3: After downloading the .exe (Executable) file then Start Installing the Android Studio.
In prior it asks to run the file we need to click on run button.
Step-4: Select Android Virtual Device and Click on next.

Step-5: It will show the installation path, default it could be in C:\ProgramFiles\Android\. If we want to
change the installation directory, we can use browse button and give the location and click on next.
Step-6: Next Select Android Virtual Device and Android SDK and click on next.

Step-7: Then the installation process takes place and after completion of installation click on next.
Step-8: Select Android studio check box and click on Finish.

Android Studio Configuration:

Step-1: Welcome Screen will be displayed, the click on next.

Step-2: Android Studio will ask for installation type. We have any specific configuration setup then we
can select the custom option to manual setup or else we can choose standard setup and click on next.

Step-3: Android Studio displays UI Theme to select, by default it will be IntelliJ, then click on next.

Step-4: It will display the installation path, default it could be in C:\Program Files\Android\, if we want to
change the installation directory, we can use browse button and give the location we wish and click on
next.
Step-5: Android Studio will ask to verify installation settings and click on next.

Step-6: The required components to launch the android studio and setting up the environment will be
downloaded. Once downloading and installation is done click on finish.
Step-7: After Installation we can use the android studio application.

SQLite Database Configuration:

• Database – Package:
The main package is “android.database.sqlite” that contains the classes to manage our own
databases.

• Database – Creation:
In order to create a database we just need to call this method “openOrCreateDatabase” with our
database name and mode as a parameter. It returns an instance of SQLlite database we you have to receive
in our own object. Its syntax is given below.

SQLiteDatabasemydatabase=openOrCreateDatabase ("yourdatabasename",MODE_PRIVATE,null);

• Database – Insertion:
We can create table or insert data into table using execSQL method defined in SQLLite Database
class. Its syntax is given below.

mydatabase.execSQL ("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS employee (Username VARCHAR,Password

VARCHAR) ;");
mydatabase.execSQL ("INSERT INTO employeeVALUES ('admin’, ‘admin') ;");
• Database - Fetching:
We can retrieve anything from database using an object of the Cursor class. We will call a method
of this class called raw Query and it will return a result set with the cursor pointing to the table. We can
move the cursor forward and retrieve the data.

Cursor result Set = mydatbase.rawQuery ("Select * from employee”, null);

resultSet.moveToFirst ();
String username = resultSet.getString (0);
String password = resultSet.getString (1);

• Database - Helper class:

For managing all the operations related to the database, a helper class has been given and is called
SQLiteOpenHelper. It automatically manages the creation and update of the database. Its syntax is given
below.

publicclassDB
HelperextendsSQLiteOpenHelper{ publicDB Helper()
{ super(context,DATABASE_NAME,null,1);
}
publicvoidonCreate(SQLiteDatabasedb){}
publicvoidonUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase database,intoldVersion,intnewVersion){}
}
4.4 System Architecture

Figure 4.1: Architecture Diagram for College Forum Application

The above figure 4.1 represents the architecture diagram for library college forum application.
Students from the college can ask queries in the chat section and any member of the group from college
can answer the question and that forms the Q/A section. Staffs from the college have the accessibility to of
adding and editing the student details in the application.
4.5 Algorithm
4.5.1 To Access Student Query

Step 1:-Enter Username and Password

Step 2:-If Username and passwords are valid
Go To Step 3
Else

Step 3:-Open Student Details.

Step 4:-Give an Error message "Invalid Credential"

4.5.2 To Perform Operation Related to Query

Step 1:-Staff Enter his/her Username and Password

Step 2:-Enter Query.
Step 3:-Go to Issued Chat section
Step 4:-Click On "Submit" Button to view answers for query.

4.6 Use Case Diagram

Figure 4.2: Use Case Diagram for College Forum App

 The above fig 4.2 shows the use case diagram of staff and student module. Where staff and students both
can upload queries for which answers are uploaded. Also new students can register and view questions
which are uploaded by others and also we can view question papers of all the branch in the college.

4.7 System Testing

4.7.1 Unit testing
Unit testing involves the design of test cases that validate that the internal program logic is
functioning properly, and that program inputs produce valid outputs. All decision branches and internal
code flow should be validated. It is the testing of individual software units of the application. It is done
after the completion of an individual unit before integration. This is a structural testing, that relies on
knowledge of its construction and is invasive. Unit tests perform basic tests at component level and test a
specific business process, application, and/or system configuration.
4.7.2 Test Cases and Test Data
Test Scenario 1: Enter proper credentials, login as Admin and check for successful login.

Test Case 1:
Step# Description Input Expected Actual result Status
result
1 Open the N/A Login page Login page Pass
application must be is displayed
displayed
2 Enter user Id and User Id: staff Queries must Queries are Pass
password, Password: be displayed displayed
Click on login 123

3 Select staff from User Id: staff Invalid Invalid Pass

drop down, Password: Credentials Credentials
Enter user Id and 1234
password,
Click on login
4 Select staff from User Id: staff Invalid Invalid Pass
drop down, Password: Credentials Credentials
Enter user Id
Click on login

Figure 4.3: Test Cases for Staff

Test Scenario 2: Enter proper credentials, login as Student and check for queries.

Test Case 2:
Step# Description Input Expected Actual Status
result result
1 Open the N/A Login page Login page Pass
application Must be is displayed
displayed
2 Enter user Id and User Id: Query page Query page Pass
password, student must be is displayed
Click on login Password: displayed
123

3 Enter Student name :Shushma “Query “Query Pass

Posted Posted
Enter Student USN :4AI15CS001 Successfully Successfully
” message ” message
Select Student :CSE should be should be
Branch displayed displayed

Select Student :9825474521

Phone number

Select Student :
e-mail abc@gmail.co
m

Click on Submit

4 Enter Student name :Null “Invalid” “Invalid” Pass

message message
 Enter Student USN :Null should be should be
displayed displayed
Select Student :Null
Branch

Select Student :Null

Phone number

Select Student :Null

e-mail

Click on Submit

Figure 4.4: Test Cases for Student

4.8 Results and Discussion
4.8.1 Snapshots with description of each module
The results explanation is related to the snapshots of the various modules. The different modules can
explain the working of the procedure. It contains the user actions. Following snapshots shows the results
obtained in each step of the process.

Snapshot 4.5: Flash page of the application

Snapshot 4.5 shows the initial page where it resides for 10 seconds which shows the college logo and
name. Flash page is shown when the application is first booted and retains only for ten seconds and then it
redirects the user to the upcoming page.

Snapshot 4.6: Login Page

Snapshot 4.6 shows the Login page, after the login with the valid credentials the message called login
successful will be displayed once the login using valid user name and password it takes to the next page
that is login page were user have to enter the particular student details like student usn, and password and
the login button is triggered if a new student wants to register then the student register button and form is
provided and also for staffs.
 Snapshot 4.7: Staff Registration Page

Snapshot 4.7 shows the staff registration page where the staff credentials are entered appropriate for the
registration and after the successful registration a popup is shown where registration successful message is
shown and then redirected back to the login page where the user is required to enter the correct credentials
for the successful login.

Snapshot 4.8: Student Registration Page

Snapshot 4.8 shows the student registration page where the student credentials are entered appropriate for
the registration and after the successful registration a popup is shown where registration successful
message is shown and then redirected back to the login page where the user is required to enter the correct
credentials for the successful login.

Snapshot 4.9: Question and Answer Page

Snapshot 4.9 shows the details of the questions and answers to the queries are show in the list format and
the queries along with the answers from all other members are show in the application as shown in the
above figure.

Snapshot 4.10: Query posting page

Snapshot 4.10 shows the page where the queries are written by the students and add button is given where
the query will be posted and option for choosing the images relevant to the query is posted to the chat
section along with the other posts of queries.
 Snapshot 4.11: Student Query page

Snapshot 4.11 shows the details of the individual student query list is displayed which is the list of queries
a student has posted in the chat and also the answers if received for the respective query is posted by other
members in the chat section of the application.

4.9 Summary
This chapter describes the Implementation details of the system, programming language selected
and the key features of the programming language selected, the pseudo code for main screen activity and
the donor registration with description is discussed in the Section 4.1. Gives brief introduction about the
implementation part. Section 4.2 tells the Requirement Specification. Section 4.3 gives the details about
software installation and configuration, Section 4.4 give the architecture diagram, Section 4.5 gives the
algorithm, Section 4.6 gives the Use case Diagram, Section 4.7 gives the details of system testing, Section
4.8 describes the results and snapshots with description of each module.
 REFERENCES
[1] https://developer.android.com/studio

[2] https://developer.android.com/guide

[3] https://developer.android.com/training/basics

[4] Charland, A., and Leroux, B. 2011. Mobile Application Development: Web vs. Native.

Communications of the ACM. ACM, v.54. n.5. DOI=10.1145/1941487.1941504.

[5] Jones, M., and Marsden, G. 2006. Mobile Interaction Design. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

[6] Wasserman, A. I. 2010. Software Engineering Issues for Mobile Application Development. FoSER

'10: Proceedings of the FSE/SDP workshop on Future of software engineering research. ACM.