— 2 : ues ~GRE- GAT conerat uocal) Test With Explanatory Answers For Various Kinds Of Entry Tests Including Ph.D., M.. Phil & National Talent Scholarship Scheme rraspnc, DOGAR PUBLISH ERS 36 -Urdu Bazar, Lahore, (Pakistan) Ph: 7120060- 7313957an a ll 4 Cr) ) Se Law| = tor) = [=] GRE-GAT GENERAL (LOCAL) TEST Plus EXPLANATORY ANSWERS For Various Kinds of Entry Tests Including Ph.D., M.Phil & National Talent Scholarship Scheme (NTSS) Etc. Written By: Boo, Prof. Tariq AliKhan Cones BOOKS Prof. Mahmood Arshad * "in i Ph ca DOGAR PUBLISHERS Head Office :36-Urdu Bazar, Lahore. Ph: 7120060 7230392 7313967, Fax: 731357 e-mail: dogar_publishers@yahoo.com Dogar's Unique Books, 17-Urdu Bazar, Lahore. Ph :7313957_ Dogar's Unique Books, Committee Chowk, Rawalpindi. Ph : §533165, Dogar's Unique Books, Akbar Bazar, Sheikhupura, Ph : 3782738 | Dogar's Unique Books, Student Bazar, Urdu Bazet, Karachi. Ph: 2766700 Dogar’s Unique Books, Gissa Khawani Bazar, Peshawar. Ph: 2590061z ‘ i ir Re z K [F ie x S [F ie z a e Hi re] 5 Hi ey i i ey , i re) § e rf ey i if B y fi re IN Trip Sn Gs Te Tay Sree PREFACE sobeonantaese Yor Le Tl, COOK SA hye s abate aoa ¢ Yuoer En Es Sis fecal Suan L toeeb lan ieee La Pihera SI (iq on Pb TILLL IDI GIL foc fe eg KIL Spline ¥6L Lge Set LSAT‘GAT(General)‘GRE(Local) ¢ 8 bg st Lalbe he -urde Sf Fhy Ce PL Late asi L oe Slee i, agerae Asithn et bet nil Lee. Bilas w, LUE CI GSH Habe GIL LL SSE St ESA OIA ST. Libis Wh ta LVL JEG ttt Lf daatgh Long Ate nd utunts fu Be Jee jot woe ody nye wooly he wy 3h wey ean) myDogar Publishers and the Dogar’s Unique are protected through trademark registration in Pakistan as well as in the Foreign Countries where Dogar’s Unique Books are available. Allright are reserved. No pat of tis publication may be Teproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmi in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Publisher and Chief Executive: Legal Consultants: ‘SHAHID MAHMOOD DOGAR MA,, DIA, ELT, CIT (B.C.), MBA(s) Chief Consultant: Mr. Fayyaz Hameed Qureshi District & Sessions Judge (R) Consultants. Mr, Naeem Khan B.Sc.(Pb), LLB. (Gald Medalist), DIL (Ex-Civil Judge) Mr. Khurram Raza LLB, Hons. (UK) of Lincoln’ Inn Barrister at-Law. Mr. Asghar Hayat Hiraj ‘LLB, Hons. (UK) of Lincoln's inn + Bartister-at-Law. nip ' Y HN k s H | By a S| ; § z S ; ey é e i gq Printed at Type Set by Nagy PRINTERS SAYYED Darbar Markt, Lahore rau Bazot, Lenore, Note: Although every care has been taken in the printing of this book, yet the Publisher / Authors will not be held responsible for any printing error or ‘omission. However, suggestions for the improvement of the book (including printing errors, if any) will be welcomed and incorporated in the subsequent editions of the book. ri orks boomy wry) sp) works brave] my spa wth Gare) may) yeh marks Aearay my 7h mel ara, yy Pp ids Pad DD ls Fry Bh Pano ons my mp ms om] ze aly ter) ey oh wols toy ay eh nly bay iy eh ae ban] yy matey byq A | re | NF Pe * S| Nf ey LF r & § 4 if & 2 iF By H i ar ® LF N re z y fe iy z y if ry z K if re z iy fe et fa (introduction) iso PRP. er eFnbt fe Began pr Bite te SOLA SCM tbe SS Sar at ELT ew Rl ydretiuiregiid Fors Sa bet hole (Nan SLAP Lang (Fanfare tee gl eter eH he de LF eM ibe Ui eT, fe SK twine net UAE nts titytie, Batt fe Ue Pte td Lib tut] eg (New Testing Scheme). 63 Ai WortLungd NTS AU HIiet Geeta Girish tity ALLELUIA wie SU prrenptluy id 8 ode, BC Este Ge SCTL MAL MEAL eh 242 LyPog de EW Sr MIG EMA SPIL Ey Edd Ex LiSfetrS be LVENTSE NEWS Ypsrstuie BL, ih Se ting BUETSL GENTS EVEL fe VU Shes ph SOR MLL ln hot SP enc PL Babi PL utd tron sie Fw Loe g buka A Bef ehess dp Be si Bole ty ULo Lye wy tamil fen Ge Dut Eb ihe re aig Sab et Fete etnalt Cort ale Ube horbeaty oeaintvee Pech wie KGL vot gunlagd ucts CES Udivostame gl yie it Ag ater ueturbe bat Wort dL edtethie Autres WR LAWL By iL ka ptr sini sek hime ot Wha PA WAL eG Leb PEL En tum Atucate Cia sitet “nb ESN eye IE RAP es Std eben Le fe 4 cones ep teAbitrd abit Ti epdeicatE soaciteatne idk Ech tL SPLL (eftsar esl BiLeape an} te Poasese LL ag PIPELINE Seb le betel ey Ste wild P bed INTS easing iow Sa wedi 6B hPa PLS ai urtL f vee CEasiinct Siw iberiL ubol NISL vats A yabstg ii SLL WPL SunSsEiQent ne BIL wilitg p LIA ML LT Saat Grins yy rea warty be W. mye raiks Bom) may ae) wails beam) ony pep works tare wep maoky barry ey pnp mats Fam may ped warts Gary.Introduction .. Objectives of NTS.. NTS Commitment.. NTS - Services... Test Format Test Schedule for GAT Subject 2007 ... NTS - Test Centers. Schedule and Information... 15, Original Advertisement SECTION QUANTITATIVE ABI oi Arithmetic Numbers Multiplication & Division Highest Common Factor & Least Common Multiple... cnen 26 ‘Square Root el Fractions and Decimals Percentage... Ratio and Proport Average... ogy Algebra Polynomials Equation. Inequality’ Word Problems... ee Geometry Lines and Angles eee en oe 103, 108 Triangles 31 Quadhiaterats& Polygons 53 Circles 168 Area Solid Geometry... Coordinate Geometry Counting & Probability Interpretation of Data .... PENI R LN SECTION - Preposition.. Symbols Used in Log Explanation. Conjunetion Disjunction.... Implication or Conditional. Biconditional... Z Model Examples. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Explanatory Answers SECTION VERBAL Al ad ANALYTICAL REASONING 227 227 229 231 ooigle Sentence Completion How to Answer Sentence Completion Questions Examples wit ry Kinds of Sentence Completion 235 235 236 Multiple Choice Questions Tests (1-12)236 exigy Analogy Questions Multiple Choice Questions Tests (1-2).268 Synonym/Antonym Tests 274 planatory Answers.279 Short Passages with Explanatory Answers 284 GRE-GAT GENERAL TESTS WITH EXPLANATORY ANSWERS. GRE-GAT Test No. GRE-GAT Test No. 2. GRE-GAT Test No. 3 GRE-GAT Test No. 4 295 311 325 339 NTS TESTS WITH EXPLANATORY ANSWERS: NTS Test No. I. NTS Test No. 2.... NTS Test No. 3 exter 353 360 366 2 wonky tay way ge worly Bares ony eh wats ary yy ep wets toes yeh mks tend wn 0 winks bamy my ge way fan) my, OD pet moh tony my eb was Von] map phon Pom] my ems Pond Hda Pet Gea I, I ie Sie Wee houP SI bb» Livketrnlie Whe tur bhp L bute At MUR LL Be AM roir 100% AHL VI | Dogar’ 's Unique G AT With Explanatory Answers pe eee Geet U2 Poly GMAT I SAT'GAT'ORESS Sie bob ite WE UU ELA Ke ur Some Important Features: +r Fully Explained With Explanatory Answers Sister tte 4 An Extract of Variety of Books + Questions Collected frotn Previous Papers at boWrEabe ae ¥¢Topie by Topic Explanation and Introduction —- WWisieotan el Syitaturare +t Special Stress Upon Mathematics a BOA Se 4% Guidance from Paper-Setting Authorities Mr RAE E Seti L footed bd petocke,£ pet Le wrt Po te SEM le te WE ssh BSS OH (Be Pakistani and Buy Pakistani) Sete € 9 3 7120060-7230332-7313957 ic} stl Phiu1-36 dogar_pubishers@yahoo.com: St 7313957:5 A F Fy yl H i F) t S i e H f Pe ® H i re A i re} q H rf re Introduction “NTS” is a new testing system introduced by the government of Pakistan for the search of national talent. For this purpose, NTS was established in July 2002. An experience of decades brought it to the forefront thet a large number of scholarships were restricted to certain pockets of the country and many areas remained unrepresentative, In the light of this, the new scheme of testing system was launched. The fundamental aim of NTS is to evaluate the knowledge level of the students. It also aims at to provide a single standard for quality evaluation of the educated human resource. There is no single syllabus in our educational institutions right from basic to the advanced level. There is also a big variation in syllabi taught in various schools, colleges and universities. A huge gap is also found in the standard of education and institutions. [is a vital issuc to evaluate the knowledge of students on the prevailing system of examinations. NTS was established to solve this issue by evaluating the skills and knowledge of the individuals on a standardized measure, NTS is providing training and testing programs for individual students. Efficiency, transparency, reliability and consistency are few prominent features of the NTS which are the main causes of its popularity. Most of the educational institutions and organizations are attracting towards it. In the beginning, NTS was conducting test only for Ph.D and MPhil scholarships, but not it is also conducting Entry Test for admission to different educational institutions. With the passage of time, it is gaining a prestigious position in the testing system. It has become a reliable name in the field of testing. It has gained this position in a very short span of time, Objectives of NTS NTS was established for the achievement of certain objectives and goals, so we can call it a national talent search scheme. It is a novel testing system introduced for the first time in Pakistan. Within the overall premise of contributing to the improvement of the quality of education in Pakistan, the important objectives of NTSS are as under : 1. The main objective of NTS is to improve upon the shortcomings in our prevailing performance evaluation system of candidates through establishing a credible, technically appropriate and accurate system of performance evaluation for students of different educational institutions at various levels in the country. Another important objective is to provide a standardized and uniform criterion for selecting candidates seeking admission to various universities in the country and abroad and also to provide a basis on which students, individuals and institutions ean assess performance for preparation of various types of tests conducted by different international testing agencies. To enable assessment and ranking not only in a particular subject on a general competency leve! but also help in identification of areas of strengths and weaknesses in its sub-contents on a disaggregated basis. To provide a reliable and efficient system for evaluating the knowledge base and stills of candidates including professionals - employed and unemployed, To establish a credible and reliable measure of assessing the students’ knowledge in commonly taught programs for relative ranking, To bridge up the gap between academic preparation and the practical market needs in a highly dynamic and competitive environment. eb wal ban) my ip wks Gam) my eb marks bay my eb wo amy my ep ee ] PEGA eBoy ep mo ms OA] oy my Bom oy PPO tom oy ASr els Anon ony eh wats bearay my ed aeky brary may Ft Wa Tey an Te Tp in Tr NTS Commitment Promoting Overall Quality of Education Based on a vision aimed at providing quality services in educational testing and assessment mechanisms for various stakeholders, NTS is committed to promoting the overall quality of education as a value-added adjunct. Performance Evaluation NTS undertakes programs that are aimed at establishing a credible, technically appropriate and accurate system of performance evaluation of students/candidates of various educational institutions at different levels. Assessing Knowledge, Skills & Professional Abilities It also extends services for the employed and unemployed professionals to get satisfactory jobs in their relevant area through an assessment of their knowledge base, skills, and professional abilities, A Rapidly Growing & Credible Entity NTS is a rapidly growing and credible entity of national repute. Its context and potential coincides with the expressed need of the Government for the establishment of a National Accreditation Council and Testing Service. Conducting Various Types of Tests While the beginnings were made by conducting General Tests through an IT-focused thrust, NTS has expanded its services to other disciplines of education testing, It now provides services for conducting Subject Tests by providing facilities both for individual candidates and institutions. These tests are prepared and assessed by experts and professionals from relevant fields. Linkages & Networks NTS now has growing linkages and associations with educational and professional organizations & institutions, including those engaged in talent search and career & educational promotion activities, at the national and international levels. (Counesy to NTS) NTS = SERVICES NTS provides its services in vast areas: National Aptitude/General Testin NTS conducts General Tests so as to evaluate the critical thinking skills of analytical reasoning and also performance assessment of candidates with regard to quantitative & verbal ability. General Tests also called National Aptitude Tests, help establishing a reliable and credible measure of judging the knowledge base of students in commonly taught program. . Services — Measuring Knowledge Base and Skill Levels: ‘The NTS Subject Tests are prepared and designed with a view to assess the Gualifications, knowledge base, competency and skill level of the candidates in a specific area of study. : =p eae my Pb Pon] oy em Fam] yh A oh Sony mah Can my po Fan] yp OL(peep peed ey eh Ly Ry, PERL Oe aay PD Pom Ne a fi i e ; | 8 zs jl i | ® i i | A fl & 5 wb works tay my wh marks bores fs fe Tig tn GH Tatay Gn Gea Tei Sn GH eg Gn Go Mon TiS Services for Test Preparation: NTS provides complete guidelines with regard to Test Preparation. A guide for users is available on our website as well as in the market in printed form. Model Questions and Sample Tests are also available on the website for helping the candidates to practice and be well prepared for the test. Furthermore, Reference Books are also recommended by NTS to be an additional source of help for the test takers for Computer Science Subject Tests. * Administrative Services: NTS provides an administrative service for not only the candidates but also the institutions. All administrative arrangements regarding registration, test center selection, test execution, result preparation and then its reporting etc. are taken as a responsibility by NTS. * Admission Test Services for Institutions: NTS conducts Admission Tests for various institutes and organizations, all services like the arrangements of test registration, paper generation, test execution, paper marking, result declaration ete. are provided by NTS for these entities. + Services for Online Testing: NTS also conducts Online Tests for the candidates’ efficient and credible evaluation of their knowledge and skills. Arrangements like the availability of labs, content development for the assessment, online paper generation, test execution and online result formation immediately after the test, are made by NTS. + Establishing Performance Ranking: NTS also assists in canying out an estimated ranking of students as well as professionals. This ranking is not only in a particular subject on a general competency level but also helps in the identification of areas of strengths and weaknesses in its sub-contents on a disaggregated besis. : + Services for Score Reporting: For General Tests, NTS declares its results electronically within seven days of the test being conducted, the results of cach candidate are sent to their homes through a fast and reliable courier service. The result of Online Subject Tests is displayed online immediately after the candidate completes his/her test. The score of candidates is also reported in the form of a certificate at their respective addresses. * Services to Facilitate Employment: NTS extends its services for employed and unemployed candidates to get satisfactory Jobs in their relevant areas through a very estimated and careful judgement of their knowledge base and skills. It facilitates access to job opportunities for various professionals and candidates both within the country and abroad on the basis of their scores in NTS Subject Tests. . Statistical Analysis and Reports: NTS by virtue of its flexible and user friendly solution can better help the institutions and organizations to have statistical analysis and report for administrative tasks and it will ultimately lead to true decision making and managerial tasks, © Survey: NTS has very robust and accurate system for processing forms and surveys, In addition to the educational and professional testing services, NTS has the survey facility for different organizations, government data collection and other methods to get feedback from people, (Courtesy w NTS) wih Cony wb meh and oy pmo tan] my_ga oars Pan] mp_gep r Ba] re wks tomy my ey watly bate) may ae) ls Far] yeh mks rn] yy irks Wah] my) _eh mam Ean] way wavy Ba] mayt a e f | a | Hy ; ® F i Fe qj e F z a K | z S| if L z e if B Test Format General Tests Type & Design of Questions: The General Test is generally divided into three sections, ie., The Verbal Section, ‘Quantitative Section and the section of Analytical Reasoning. All the questions are based on Multiple-Choice Question format. The test of Verbal Section is based on completing sentences with the appropriate words, pointing out the errors in the sentences, comprehension exercises to assess the basic knowledge about the vocabulary and grammar of the language. Questions are basically about sentence completion, analogy and critical reading. In the Quantitative Section, the NTS tries to measure your basic mathematical skills and check your understanding of the clementary level mathematics. The MCQs in this seotion are based on three areas, i. Arithmetic, Algebra and Geometry. In the Analytical Section, various objective type questions are asked to analyze the capability of every student with regard to their problem solving aptitude in the daily life activities and also the academic interests. Questions asked are basically on the analytical reasoning and logical reasoning, A few Model Questions in the website can help you in being familiarized with the nature of questions. Duration of the Test: ‘The duration of NAT(S) is 120 minutes. The Verbal Section is given 20 minutes in which the candidates are asked to solve 20 questions. The Quantitative Section has been given 55 minutes for the solution of 35 questions. In the last section, ie., the Analytical Section, 45 minutes are provided to the candidates to answer 35 questions, ‘The duration of NAT(G) is also 120 minutes. The time suggested for Verbal Section is 35 minutes. 28 and 57 minutes time is recommended for the Quantitative and Analytical Reasoning Section respectively. ‘The following time table is prepared which describes'the number of questions, its time and marks distribution more clearly: Science (NAT-S) Test Sections No. of Questions Suggested Time Marks Verbal 20 20 20 Quantitative 35 55 35 Analytical 35 45 35 Science (NAT-S) Test Sections No. of Questions _ Suggested Time Verbal 35 35 Quantitative 15 28 Analytical 40 37 2 lg bony eb wally deny wy gb nly ham) my eh wy God wy iy) uly bar] my pep lg ear ony poh mak bay my _peh warky Foy may Dh oy pe or] o_O,