a 2019- A a WORKBOOK Answer key and Hint of Objective & Conventional Questions Civil Engineering Highway Engineering| Highway Geometric Design oo ; (720) 3 = | EES 0.10 @ z Em © i Ea» @ z c) 2 = 7 3 © > (b) 2 | EEN 270) 2| Ee Ea ® Eg @ | 22. 0) | 23. EE) Eg «© Es @ El EA @ we @ Ee Ho Ee Ho Ee wwwmadeeasypublications.org MADE ERSY © CopyrightMADE EASY Rank Improvement Workbook 3 BEY wien ei Solution :1 Total stopping sight distance = 110,29m Solution : 2 (Primary system of NH = 268 km (i) Secondary system consisting of SH = 536 and MDR = 1080, tolal length = 1616 km (ii) Tertiary system of Rural Roads consisting of ODR and VR = of length = 9104 km, (iv) Total road length = 10,988 km Solution : 3 Length of transition curve = 70.32m Solution : 4 Length ofvalley curve = 200m Lowest point is situated at a distance of 104.44 mm from starting point. Solution : 5 The widening required to account for off-racking due to rigidity of whee! based is called mechanical widening. Itis referred as W,, Here, R, = Radius of path traversed by outer gear wheel, m R, W,, = Off-tracking or mechanical widening, m = length of wheel base, m Radius of path traversed by outer front wheel, m Now, W, = OC- OA = OB- A= R,-R, trom AOAB, Of = OB" - AB? AR = FR-P But R, = R-W,, (y= Wp)? = B=? rc + (© copyright MADE EASY wwnwmadeeasypublications.orgCivil Engineering @ Highway Engineering MADE EASY 4 Pusllestions on FR 2p Why + Why = AR -1 on, P = W,(2Ry-W,,) RP W, = ar ° OR = Wy e Wy [Wy <= Fel Here, Ris the mean radius of curve. The mechanical widening calculated above is required for one vehicle negotiating a horizontal curve along one traffic lane, Hence, for a road having ntraffic lanes, as nvehicles can off-track simultaneousty, the total mechanical widening required is ne? Wo, = 3p 2R Solution :6 (a) Stopping sight distance (b) Overtaking sight distance Solution :7 Cicular chainage at point of intersection = 100 Chainage al start of frst transition curve = 100- 6.6 = 93.4 chains Chainage at beginning of circular curve = 93.4 + 3 = 96.4 chains Chainage at the beginning of second transition curve = 96.4 +6.77 = 103.17 chains Solution : 8 Safe operating speed = 75.70 kmph —EE www.madeeasypublications.org MADE ERSY © copyrisht) PublicationsTraffic Engineering LEVEL 1 EH 00.1353) Eo Ee ie Ew Ho @ evel 2 RET Ea @ ) ie Ea Ei «@ Ee Es capa nan SOHPOTeh NG TENWaL aNRUNToRS ERIC eo me Eg re Em cC} Em» = i ET Eee Ea» re |e Ea j [ 30. I) | © Copyright MADE ERSY www.madeeasypublications.org _6 Civil Engineering ® Highway Engineering MADE EASY BEY wien ei Solution :1 N=Slanes Solution : 2 ‘The tratfic in terms of PCU’s from each leg is depicted in figure given below q . t a0 —“* \— ce an 480 we — Vit 549 958 424 The traffic assigned to the network is shown in figure below: w : 1349. + 1268 ae 1331 Sasa Maximum 2-way tlow in the intersection leg (South) is 2875 PCUs/hour. The rotary is located in an Urban section and hence a design speed of 30 mph, Since the intersection legs. carry almost equal traffic, around-shaped central island willbe adopted. Entry angle and exit angle equal to.45° each, For a carriage way width of 15 m, width of carriageway at entry and exitis taken as 10.0™m. ete, Width of weaving section = “F"4+35=10+38=135m W_135_ ) Let us take L= som (4 557 O27, MADE ERSY ee { worwmadeeasypublications orgPublications ote < Maximum weaving occurs in E-S section P= Assuming Solution : 3 () 7306s, (i) 26.185, 34.828 33.47 kmph, 30.14 kmph Solution : 5 Solution : 6 Available reserved capacity = 636. Solution : 7 595.4 PCU, Ih, Solution : 8 0.2 vehis, Solution : 9 V, = 22.31 kmph, V3 = 33.19kmph 42kmph, 46.15 kmph 20° ———— | © Copyright Rank Improvement Workbook | 7 Geos 11964852 7 3604 1196+ 852+ 408 200% 135x{ 1°. [1-972 it 3938 PCUIhr 50 3939 PCUIhour > 287 PCUsyhour Henoe OK 20m [15m to 25m-IRC] = 183 x 20 = 26.6 m= 27m 2x 20=40m 6 PUI ns EASY wor madeeasypublcationsorg )Me (b) Ei Ew» Eo me (b) Ee Eo wowwsmadeeasypublications org Pavement Design evel 2 RET Ee Ho Ee Eo Eo EEE 346) EE 875) @ Eo Ea cmon TOONS DH NG BENW aL oNPUNTOMRS AIO MADE ERSY © Copyright )Rank Improvement Workbook 9 BEY wien ei Solution :1 Loads at 2.5 mm and 5.0 mm penetration (after correction) are 50 kg and 77.5 kg respectively Area of plunger used in CBR test Pressure al 2.5 mm penetration Pressure at 5 mm penetration CBR value of soil at 2.5 mm CBR value of soil at 5 mm Adopt CBR Byste 2 a ‘5° = 19,60 cm’ 55. — 80 kg/cm? 19.60 ‘al 775 2 TS _ 3.98 kglom 19.6 al Pressure on Plunger at 2.5 mm Penetration for soil Pressure as above for standard crushed stone 220 100 = 4% 70 3.95 SS 100 = 93.76% 4% Major roads are designed for atleast a period of 10 years. Asien? fn = Construction Period = 3 years 8 = 2000 1+] - 5439.25 vehi a 200155] stay ‘Thore is no use of traffic data in US corps of engineers design formula, As subgrade soil CBR = 4% (which is less than 12%), this method can be used Thickness of pavement above soil subgrade 75x 4100 4700 _ 99 79 om 4 x6 [4100x475 _ 4100 Thickness of pavement above sandy soil = J - "> = 29.36 cm 10 Exé Thickness of sandy soil required = 29.7 - 22.26 em = 17.34 em Thickness of pavement above soil-kankar = [4100x175 4100 95 exe ~ 8880m Thickness of soil-kankar required = 22.96 - 8,33 = 14.02 cm Thickness of Bituminous concrete = Sem. i | © Copyright >» wwwmadeeasypublications.org |10 | Civil Engineering @ Highway Engineering MADE EASY Pusllestions ‘Thickness of broken stone and gravel = 8.33-§ = 3.33. em Bituminous concrete Sem Broken Stone and gravel 333m Sol Kankar 1402 ‘Sandy soi t734em Sub Grade (Pavement Section) a = Radius of contact area ™ P = 100k p = 7kgiom? 8° Vax7 A = Design deflection = 0.25 em [Assumed as nothing mentioned] Assuming the pavement to consist of single layer of base course material only: the pavement thickness is given by 5 2 re (sexx _ el(EP ® 2nE,A E, 5 1 1 (xsioxtzs 08) ~ 1529 (2) 2xRx90x0.25 300 = 49.73em 100 kg/cm? equivalent to thickness f, of base course. te _ (_Soiumen_)* T © \Eyase couse fe (eey" 7 ~ (360, t, = 959em Therefore the required base course thickness = 49.73 -9.59 = 40.13. em Solution :2 15.23. om MADE ERSY vnwwmadeeasypublications org, .ERSSMADE EASY Rank Improvement Workbook | 4 4 Publietione Pavement section consist of 40.13 cm base course and 7 em thick bituminous mat. Bituminous Mat, E= 900 kgm? 40.13.em_|7 om) Soll subgrade, Setuton 3 Iisa vo lane paverent Lotus calculate the cumulative eunberct standard ad oad . sosa{ (1 fa) ~1}0%F ee 100 = growth factor = 5% : ‘m = Construction period = 2 year n= design life = 15 years D = Vehicle Damage factor F = Lane distribution factor = 0.75 [two land single catriage way] 365 x [1.05°° ~ 1] 0.75 x 1,05? x [(150 x 2.5) + (250 x 3.5)] Np EES 400 Ng = 8.14MSA ‘otal pavement thickness can be obtained by interpolation from pavement design catalogue (IRC : 37 2001) Total pavement thickness for CBR = 6% and traffic 8.14 MSA = 586 mm Final pavement composition (a) Bituminous surfacing = 40 mm BC + 65 DBM (b) Road base = 250mm granular base (c) Subbase = 230 mm grannular subbase_ ‘Subbase should have a minimum CBR of 30% as traffic is greater than 2 MSA and should have a minimum thickness of 150 mm for tratfic less than 10 MSA. Base course minimum thickness = 150 mm for traffic greater than 2 MSA. So our design is safe according to guidelines by IRC $7: 2001 Solution : 4 ua 42-K-(1-p?), © Copyright MADE Ass ‘www.madeeasypublications.org Radius of relative stiffness / [12 | CivilEngineering @ Highway Engineering MADE EASY Pusllestions 3x 10° x 20% oS | = 8080m 12x 15x (1- 0.15"), Equivalent radius of resisting section, b= 16a" +H -0.675h V1.6 x 15% 420° ~ 0.675 x 20 [a<1.724 x A] = 14.06em Wheel load stress at edge by wester guard 0.572P| i = 82 [ong,(!)oo30] 60.8 14.06 b 1.17 kien? = 0872x 310 | Aloo ae] « eset (45)"| cesta +0389] Wheel load stress at corner Warping stresses = 17.91 kgiem? t, = temperature differential during day 06x 20= 12°C {, = temperature differential during night = 0.4 x 20, L _ 450 1” 608 4 _ 950 1” 608 From the table given in question C, = 1.00, C,= 0.84 Maximum warping stress at ecige during the day aC 7.40 76 Eat, 2 = fax to xt0x10% x12%1 = 18kg/em* Mt E-a-t, fa aximumuarpingstossatcooper = SoS % [2 3x 10° x 10x 10% x8 ~~ 3x-015) a ora madeeasypublatonsorg MADE EASY PublicationsRank Improvement Workbook | 43 Publleatione = 4.67 kgicm? Frictional sess at edge = 5 = ODA E18 6 asim 2x10 Frictional stress at corner = 0 Critical combination of stress in summer mid-night = load stress + warping stress ~ friction stress = 21.17 + 18-0.81 = 38,36 kgicm® Critical combination of stress in summer midnight at comer = 17.91 + 4,67 = 22.58 kglem* Solution :5 ‘Spacing between contraction joints in plain CC pavement, 28, 2x0.8x 104 b= Tp 10 = Sacoxta = 476" Maximum spacing suggested by the IRC is 4.5 m or pain CC pavements and so adopt L = 45m * Spacing between expansion joints, L. = T99qq, —T) 14 4100x1010 x 26 Therefore provide spacing of expansion joints = 9 x 4.5 = 40.5m (As 10 x 4.5 = 45.0 m which is higher than 42.3 m, expansion joints are provided after eight contraction joints or after the ninth slab). Solution :6 [oa By equating, total subgrade friction = ‘otal tension developed inte bars A,S, = bx xwxt thw = soos, Here, area of steel per meter length of joint, cm? ( ecopyriahe MADE EASY wwwmadeeasypublications.org14 | Civil Engineering * Highway Engineering MADE EASY Pusllestions b= distance between joint and nearest force edge = 3.5m = thickness of pavement = 33 em = coefficient of fricton between pavement and subgrade = 1.5 w= unit weight of cement concrete = 2400 kg/em® S, = allowable tensile stress in deformed bars = 2000 kg/em* [Assume deformed bar is used for tie bars] 3.5.x 1.533 x 2400 = 210m? meter As 100 x 2000 mm mote Using 1 om diameter deformed bars having area of cross section as = 0.785 em* to0x0.785 sothe spacing ote bars = 222%9788 5776 0m = 57 em spacing of te bat Length of tie bar; Eaquaing ttl tensile force inte bar = bond stength between le bar andconcrete Hoes, as,« Ps, 2a,8, = 28S PS, Pating a= 7 and pana #8, 28, Here, S, = allowable bond stress in deformed bar = 24.6 kalom® d= dia. of tie bar 412000 2x26 = 40.65 em = 42 em Total length of te bar = 42. om So use 1 om diameter bars of length 42 om at 87 cm cic Solution : 7 Length of Dowel Bar, L ‘Assume the diameter of the dowel bar, d= 2.5m Given data: design wheel load, P= 4000kg; radius of relative stiffness, @= 90 om; thickness of pavement, h= 20 om; Joint width, 8 = 3 cm; Permissible stress in shear, F, = 1000 kg/cm?; Permissible stress in bending, F, = 1500 kg/cm®; Permissible stress in bearing, F,, = 100 kg/em?: Load capacity of dowel system = 40% of P= 40% of 4000 = 1600 kg In order to obtain balanced design for equal capacity in bending and hearing; the length of dowel bar is obtained by w2 FL y+ 1.58 4500 Ly +1.5%3 a Sx 2.5] —— x fy= Sl ET 8.86 *E1 900 “1, +88x3 Publications ——— a MADE EASY const)MADE EASY Tank improvement Workbook | 15, Publications Ly+45 |! ashe This can be solved by trial method. Let us start with bg = 450m 45445)" 1 = 125)15x 2448 _ poste 2nd trial: Ly = 400m 40+45 ]* = 125x[15x 045] = 39.63 om < 40 em Sra tral = 39cm yi2 435 = 125x|15x 2°)" 39.48 > 5 [1s 83] 39.48 > 39 cm Therefore, total length of embedment, Ly = 39cm. Min. Length of dowel barrequired, LL = Ly+ d=3943=42em Therefore, provide 2.5 cm diameter dowel bars of length 45 em Load transfer capacity of single dowel bar, P” P (shear) = 0.785¢" Fy = 0.785 x 2.5% x 1000 = 4902 kg Actual value of Ly = 45-8 = 45-3 = 42cm 2c 2.5% x 1500 P*(bending) = 24 _ _ 2x2.8° x 1500 _ (eencing) = 7 as” (42+88x3) SHO 2 2 P'(bearing) = fold 1004225 _758.7kg 125(ly +158) 12.5(42+1.5%3) Taking the lowest of three values for design, load Capacity ofadowelbar, —” (design) = 685.31 kg Given, Load capacity of dowel group = 40% of P= 40% x 4000 = 1600 kg 1600 Required capacity factor for dowel group= Fen = 2.33 Spacing of Dowel Bars Effective distance upto which there is load transfer = 1.8 x radius of relative stifness = 18x/= 18x90 = 1620m Assuming a trial spacing of 30 cm between the dowel bars, the capacity factor available for the group = 44 162-80 , 162-60 | 162-90 , 162-120 , 1624150 - 162 162 162 162 162 This value is much more than load capacity factor of 2.33 MADE ERSY » © Copyright ‘www madeeasypublications.org ) Publlaations16 | Civil Engineering © Highway Engineering MADE EASY Publications So assume spacing 40. cm 162-40 162-80 162-120 162-160 So capacity factor = 14 @ tee ee 400 162 this value is closed to 2.33 0 provide spacing of 40 cm Therefore, provide 2.5 cm dia dowel bars of total length 45 cm at 40 cm spacing. 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