CISP 400 Object Oriented Programming Lecture on Classes, Constructors, and Destructors

CISP 400
Object Oriented
Programming in C++
Professor Fowler
Last Time
2
Agenda
Ch 7 - Object Oriented Programming
7.1 Abstract Data Types 7.8 Private member Functions
7.2 Object-Oriented 7.9 Passing Objects to Functions

Programming
7.10 Object Composition
7.3 Introduction to Classes
7.11 SKIP
7.4 Creating and using Objects
7.12 Structures
7.5 Defining Member Functions
7.13 More on Enumerated Data
7.6 Constructors Types
7.7 Destructors 8.13 Arrays of Objects
3
Theme for Today
4
“Initializing Classes”
5
Chapter 7
Object Oriented
Programming
6
Agenda

Programming
7.11 SKIP
7.12 Structures
7
Agenda

Programming
7.11 SKIP
7.12 Structures
8
Accountability Groups
9
Purpose
• Support each other around a common goal -

getting a good grade in this class.
10
First Meeting
• Exchange contact info (OK to use Canvas)
• Decide Leader (rotating, selected?)
• Decide on Group Name

(1st choice + Backup choice)
11
Activities
1. Quick Check - 1/2 words on how you’re doing.
2. Record your weekly goals (individual)
3. Did you achieve last week’s goals?

Yes - Lavish Praise
No - “How can we help?”
4. Take Roll (privately chat me who’s missing)
5. Make any arrangements to meet outside class.

- Missing Material
- Peer Review
- Study Groups
12
Debrief
Programming Exercise
Coding Exercise
Create a Date class with private member ints day,

month, and year. Add a setDate() method to set the
date. Add a print public member function to display
the date.
Write a test rig to exercise this class.
14
7.6 Constructors
18
Constructors
• Run when the class is instantiated.
• Same name as the class.
• No return type at all (not even void).
19
• Does this mean classes which we have not created
a constructor, do not have constructors?
20
Constructor Use Case
Set up connections between objects (DB, network,

etc)
Initialize data.
Serve as an interface.
21
Constructors as an interface
We usually have data we want to initialize with when

we instantiate our constructor.
What if we don’t have all the data? Does that mean

we can’t instantiate?
22
Overloading Constructors
• Computer always makes a default constructor - unless you write
ANY other constructor.
• Meaning: you will not have a default constructor if you’ve

overloaded it.
• Meaning: you cannot create an object when you do not pass

any values upon instantiation. Refuses to compile.
• Typical default constructor is not passed any arguments.
• However, we can have a default constructor with arguments if

we set the parameters with default values.
• We can only have one default constructor. We can have

unlimited number of overloaded constructors.
24
Bottom Line
• If you are adding a constructor which accepts

arguments, you will also need to create a default
constructor.
• A default constructor does not accept any

arguments, unless you make default parameters
available.
25
Constructors, functions
and methods, Oh my!
27
• Distinguishing between various constructors and
methods can be confusing.
28
Class ABC {
};
int main() {
ABC x; // Default - works fine
ABC x(); // Error - thinks it’s a method
ABC x(10) // Fine - overloaded default
Exercise
C++ Debugging
Exercise Goals
• Debugging Practice
31
Debug Exercise
• Correct the following code.
• We’ll spend about 5 minutes on this, then we’ll go

over it.
• You do not need to turn this in.
32
7.7 Destructors
34
• Constructors!
• Destructors!
Photo Credit: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwink9zW1u_YAhWlc98KHYUODrgQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fitsallfreeonline.com%2Ffree-busch-beer-

swag%2F&psig=AOvVaw1xDLttWe8cGJb7-lJiD7_B&ust=1516851416043160
10.11 Pointers to Objects
as Function Parameters
37
• Our objects use regular variables all the time (ints,
floats, etc).
• Can we use pointers with objects?
• Yes, but …..
38
Nothing we haven’t
seen before.
Now, we go ahead an access it …
The problem is the dot operator (.) binds tighter

then the dereference operator (*).
How do we fix that?
We fix this the same way we did when we had
arrays - we use parentheses.
This notation is a pain - we have some syntactic sugar

for that.
Structure Pointer Operator (->)
This notation is a pain - we have some syntactic sugar

for that.
Structure Pointer Operator (->)
Does this work with the heap?
48
10.12 Selecting
Members of Objects
50
What do we do when we need to access pointers
inside objects?
Activity
Coding Exercise
month, and year. Add a print public member function
to display the date. Use constructors to initialize to
specified values or default values if nothing is
specified. Set to error date of 99/99/9999 if any
invalid date values are used (don’t make this an
exhaustive test).
54
What’s this section
about?
55
Theme for Today
“Method.”
56
Agenda

Programming
7.11 SKIP
7.12 Structures
57
What’s Next?
58
Agenda

Programming
7.11 SKIP
7.12 Structures
59
Agenda

Programming
7.11 SKIP
7.12 Structures
60
Chapter 12 quiz SUNDAY
61
10.13 Smart Pointers
62
Use Case
We’ve seen the dangers of using raw pointers.
Problems of dual ownership, dangling pointers and

memory leaks cause problems.
Can’t pointers manage themselves?
63
Modify This
65
Exercise
Exercise Goals
• Increase Topic Mastery
• Construct Knowledge
• Give you data to evaluate how well you are

learning.
68
• Get 10-2demo.cpp working
• Explain
• Which methods are setters and getters?
• What’s the difference between print and other

getter?
• What’s a constant member function?
• What’s going on in GetTime()?

69
Exercise
C++ Debugging
Exercise Goals
• Debugging Practice
71
Debug Exercise
• Correct the following code.
• We’ll spend about 5 minutes on this, then we’ll go

over it.
• You do not need to turn this in.
72
Activity
Exercise Goals
• Increase Topic Mastery
• Construct Knowledge
• Give you data to evaluate how well you are

learning.
75
• With 10-2demo.cpp
• Replace SetTime() method with a constructor.
• Overload the constructor you created above with

one which will set the time to -99:-99:-99 if no
data is supplied to it.
• Construct a test rig to demo these methods.
76
Coding Exercise

month, and year. Add a setDate() method to set the
date. Add a print public member function to display
the date.
77

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CISP 400

7.2 Object-Oriented 7.9 Passing Objects to Functions

7.7 Destructors 8.13 Arrays of Objects

7.2 Object-Oriented 7.9 Passing Objects to Functions

7.7 Destructors 8.13 Arrays of Objects

7.2 Object-Oriented 7.9 Passing Objects to Functions

7.7 Destructors 8.13 Arrays of Objects

• Support each other around a common goal -

• Exchange contact info (OK to use Canvas)

• Decide Leader (rotating, selected?)

• Decide on Group Name

2. Record your weekly goals (individual)

3. Did you achieve last week’s goals?

4. Take Roll (privately chat me who’s missing)

5. Make any arrangements to meet outside class.

Create a Date class with private member ints day,

Write a test rig to exercise this class.

• Run when the class is instantiated.

• Same name as the class.

• No return type at all (not even void).

Set up connections between objects (DB, network,

We usually have data we want to initialize with when

What if we don’t have all the data? Does that mean

• Meaning: you will not have a default constructor if you’ve

• Meaning: you cannot create an object when you do not pass

• Typical default constructor is not passed any arguments.

• However, we can have a default constructor with arguments if

• We can only have one default constructor. We can have

• If you are adding a constructor which accepts

• A default constructor does not accept any

• Correct the following code.

• We’ll spend about 5 minutes on this, then we’ll go

• You do not need to turn this in.

Photo Credit: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwink9zW1u_YAhWlc98KHYUODrgQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fitsallfreeonline.com%2Ffree-busch-beer-

• Can we use pointers with objects?

• Yes, but …..

The problem is the dot operator (.) binds tighter

This notation is a pain - we have some syntactic sugar

This notation is a pain - we have some syntactic sugar

Write a test rig to exercise this class.

7.2 Object-Oriented 7.9 Passing Objects to Functions

7.7 Destructors 8.13 Arrays of Objects

7.2 Object-Oriented 7.9 Passing Objects to Functions

7.7 Destructors 8.13 Arrays of Objects

7.2 Object-Oriented 7.9 Passing Objects to Functions

7.7 Destructors 8.13 Arrays of Objects

We’ve seen the dangers of using raw pointers.

Problems of dual ownership, dangling pointers and

Can’t pointers manage themselves?

• Increase Topic Mastery

• Give you data to evaluate how well you are

• Which methods are setters and getters?

• What’s the difference between print and other

• What’s a constant member function?

• What’s going on in GetTime()?

• Correct the following code.

• We’ll spend about 5 minutes on this, then we’ll go

• You do not need to turn this in.

• Increase Topic Mastery

• Give you data to evaluate how well you are

• Replace SetTime() method with a constructor.

• Overload the constructor you created above with

• Construct a test rig to demo these methods.