FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

Second Edition

Balmohan V. Limaye
Professor of Mathematics
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

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Contents

Chapter I Preliminaries 1

1 Relations on a Set 1
2 Linear Spaces and Linear Maps 5
3 Metric Spaces and Continuous Functions 19
4 Lebesgue Measure and Integration 42

Chapter II Fundamentals of Normed Spaces 62

5 Normed Spaces 62
6 Continuity of Linear Maps 83
7 Hahn-Banach Theorems 104
8 Banach Spaces 124

Chapter III Bounded Linear Maps on Banach Spaces 138

9 Uniform Boundedness Principle 138

10 Closed Graph and Open Mapping Theorems 166
11 Bounded Inverse Theorem 182
12 Spectrum of a Bounded Operator 192

Chapter IV Spaces of Bounded Linear Functionals 216

13 Duals and Transposes 216

14 Duals of V{[a, 6]) and C([a, b]) 235
15 Weak and Weak* Convergence 260
16 Reflexivity 280
x Contents

Chapter V Compact Operators on Normed Spaces 302

17 Compact Linear Maps 302

18 Spectrum of a Compact Operator 317
19 Fredholm Alternative 333
20 Approximate Solutions 346

Chapter VI Geometry of Hilbert Spaces 367

21 Inner Product Spaces 367

22 Orthonormal Sets 381
23 Approximation and Optimization 402
24 Projection and Riesz Representation Theorems 420

Chapter VII Bounded Operators on Hilbert Spaces 441

25 Bounded Operators and Adjoints 442

26 Normal, Unitary and Self-Adjoint Operators 460
27 Spectrum and Numerical Range 483
28 Compact Self-Adjoint Operators 504

Appendix A Fixed Points 528

Appendix B Extreme Points 541
Appendix C Sturm-Liouville Problems 553

Appendix D Unbounded Operators and Quantum Mechanics 571

Bibliography 591

List of Symbols 597

Index 601