IRAP SNL pee ALEIS 7EmRE (CIP) Bie RUE. A/F, BBE, Bae. ACR: AGRISSASA WARE. 2000REEN ISBN 978-7-5619-2161-6 1 Re DH Qi OR SRI -WINRIEB Bes WV.H105.4 PBRAB BCPA AF (2008) R119761S Bo &: RZ ANE REN. ERR WATT, sec aban Sd what fi bh, ACTA AERAARRERISS ABIL AAAD. 100083 BE, www. bleup. com 8. RAFRB 82303650/9591 /3651 *g24RS 82303647 SEARS 82303653 /308 WETTER IA 82303668 PIRSA service@bloup.net Aba aT SE ED BI SEES Ee Fa mS a2 + 20088 1K 200922 BIKE A , BSBA XK 1194 HK «1/16 | ED. MAS /RIBHOS fr dt 4b OH OR Spee 2 aR 1%. 3001-8000 _ ISBN 978-7-5619-2161-6/H:- 08150 32.0056 AAPA AB ale. ATH AWR, HIF. 82303590ae NZ) EES A ET 1 NOE SO TEBE EA BEG AT ERLE ALORA, WET DAE bt TERA A RIAER 6 CRONE) RHEE EE EEA, PRE SEA. PIATRA RRO IES AA, RAE. RLM. WIS, Ge h2 ) ARE, th I SAA TE TES AUZERSIA, BORON RACE SY SPEARS © 4 (BALE FE 20 Whe BAENTOE RAD Bit A CAL TD. CELE). OULD. CHEERED. CHER). CBeRLEDD. Crhaelaad, OREN). FE CATT) I 1h; GHP RS) SARAH 3 J, TAD RAS) & 2s SRB 2 Mh. HEAR RAE RR. Th ARMAS. 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SUI EH AREA, FAR ORIDZ ER) REE OY,. 2m: KE 2008 6 APreface Road to Success is a series of foreign language teaching materials for nonnative learners of Chinese. It not only be applied to classroom teaching of formal Chinese teaching institutions but also can meet the demands of various forms of teaching and self-taught learners, Road to Success provides a comprehensive and rich teaching content and builds a serupulous and standard teaching platform. Learners can get systematic learning and training of Chinese language knowledge, skills and culture, Moreover, the combinatorial design of Read to Success meets to the greatest extent diversified needs of teaching and leaning by providing a wide choice for all types of teaching institutions and self-taught leamers. © Framework Road to Success consists of 20 volumes,designed as a progressively graded series including Threshold, Lower Elementary, Elementary. Upper Elementary, Lower Intermediate, Intermediate, Lower Advanced and Advanced, ‘he title of series indicates the teaching level. Each series is designed with corresponding level and vocabulary so that learners can choose the right series that suits them. Ladder Chart of Road to Success Sa TE CeesReference Table for Learners to Choose Textbooks: Reference Level for Learners Mn oe eee 0 Threshold 100 mentary C Lower Elementary 600 Elementary C, Elementary B Elementary 1200 Elementary A, Upper Elementary Al Upper Blementary 2000 Upper Elementary C, B Az Lower Intermediate sing | VERA, BI Intermediate Intermediate 4500 | ne Lower Advanced 000 cdiate A, Advanced C cl Advanced * Basis Road to Success takes the" Chinese~Teaching Syllabus for Foreign Students of Higher Educational Institutions (Long-Term Study)" (“Syllabus” in short) by the NOCFL a the language points, vocabulary, C the basis for the development and covers exhaustively items such as charact ers and others in the Syllabus by applying the self-developed compiling and teaching software to ensure the scientifieness, systematicness and preciseness of textbooks. ‘The compilers make sssary adjus the advanced € ne tment to some equirements in the Syllabus. especially those of h the needs of learning and teaching of rach level. In addition, the compilation bases on the result of random survey of various types of Chinese learners and research results of the related choice textbooks. © Concept Road 1 Suecess takes amalgamation, integration and innovation as the basic concept of development. Diversity of the connotation of a comprehensive s of teaching materials decides integration of the concept and it cannot be limited toa certain“mode”. ‘Therefore, according to the characteristics of the textbooks, the compilers analyse and amalgamate related research results and absorb results of various experts and strong points of each “mode”. Innovation is an important concept of development of Road to Success and cach yolume and section has innovational contents. Innovation points are either implied or clearly stated if » essary, from which the ingenuity of the compilers can be seen. “Easy to learn and teach” is the development goal of Road toSuccess. For this reason, it is also an important development concept of the compilers to respect feedback of leamers and experience of teachers. @ Features As a series of texthooks of teac Chinese as a foreign language compiled in the new century, Road to Success includes some thinking and practices of the compilers. in “Tradition and Innovation”, “Associ “Knowledge and Skills”, ion and Independence”, guage and Culture”, “Two-Dimension and Mul Dimension”. As space is limited, these aspects are explained briefly as follows: 1. Tradition and Innovation Rooted in the development of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, benefiting from its progress, Road to Success absorbs abundant nutrition from the fertile soil of teaching Chinese as a foreign language. Successful teaching experience, teaching mode and research results have enriched the content of textbooks. Road to Success accords better with the language cognitive rules of learners and is easier for learners to master and apply. For example, Threshold, Lower Elementary and Elementary all take the form of “teaching plus practice”, adopting the “mode of teaching plus practice” in the initial stage of teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The design of compiling more suitable forms for beginners has heen proved effective through many years of teaching. Road to Success exerts itself to make innovation on the basis of imparting and inheriting, and each series has its innovation. poin For example, Lower Elementary and Elementary, different from former description angle of language points, change formulaic language established for teachers into practi language geared to the needs of leamners to facilitate students’, understanding and application. The morpheme exercises. of Lower Intermediate and Intermediate strengthen the role of multiplication, enhance learners’ ability of cal vocabulary association, reduce burden of memory and improve efficiency of study. In addition, the two series offer context in some exercises to improve learners’ ability of wording and phrasing and help them study for the sake of application in the future. In view of difficulty in words and expressions in the advanced stage, Lower Advanced and Advanced establish the “Sum-Up of Similarities and Differences” and integrate closely the rule explanation with exercises to realize an effective transition from understanding to application.ion, the ovative ideas and practical thinking are embodied in the vidual mode of phonetic training in Threshold, the syncretic skill training in Listening and Speaking and Reading and Writing of the Upper Elementary sub-series, the listening-speaking mode of “Introduction to the Text” in Lower Intermediate and Intermediate, the separating-assembling mode of “Background Reading” in Lower Advanced and Advanced, ete. 2. Association and Independence Road to § intermediate Chinese and advanced Chin¢ uccess consists of eight series, covering clementery Chinese, ‘The eight series are interdependent like a ladder, associating with cach other and can be used as a complete set. For example, the designer clearly distributes the teaching tasks of words and phrases, sentences, paragraphs and passages in different levels, stressing their respective ways of practice and providing learners a step-by-step and complete training process, Moreover, each series of Road to Success is rel tively independent and can be used alone. For example, both content and forms of Listening and Speaking and Reading and Writing of the Upper Elementary sub-series ean be used as an independent texthook of special skill training. ‘The design of combining association with independence ensures that Road to Success has both the systematic nature of a complete set of teaching materials and the flexibility of the independent teaching materials, releasing itself from the fettering of binding materials and providing leamers more choices. 3. Knowledge and Skills Road to Success is oriented towards comprehensive training of language skills. The complete set of teaching materials takes language skill training as the explicit design and language knowledge teaching as the implicit design. The compilers embed the study of language knowledge in the whole process of language skills training. For example, Lower Elementary, Elementary and Upper Elementary weaken knowledge description of language points as much as possible and strengthen visual illustrations, tables, exercises, etc. to guide teachers to avoid simplex knowledge teaching. The design of those three series gives consideration to both the topic unit and the order of language points, skillfully deals with the difficult problem between topics and language points and the problem of “dancing with fetters”, which has been restricting the elementary teaching materials for a long time. Lower Intermediate and Intermediate contain language knowledge in texts and exercises to ensure that leamers canunderstand and apply the knowledge through planned practice and activity. Road to Success follows and practises the basie language teaching, carefully designs and deals with the relationship between ples of second language knowledge and language skills, helping learners master knowledge through skill training, improving the skill level by leaming knowledge and language skills and in the end achieve the goal of comprehensively improving the communieative competence in Chinese. 4, Language and Culture Road to Success is not only language resources but also a cultural medium. ‘The compiling the teaching materials. ‘Throughout the whole set of teaching materials, nnpilers pursue the maximization of cultural content in selecting texts and there exists a complete cultural chain — “phenomenon of culture + connotation of culture —> understanding of culture”, For example, with limited language materials of elementary Chinese, Threshold, Lower Elementary, Elementary and Upper Elementary exhibit as many language points as possible to help learners naw ally experience and comprehend the phenomenon of Chinese culture while learning the language. When selecting and modifying the texis of Lower Intermediate and Intermediate, the compilers give special attention to providing learners with rich and colorful cultural contents. Lower Advanced and Advanced are particular about selecting texts and ensure that the passages are both superior in content and paragons of a kind. ‘The exploitation of understanding of culture can help advanced leamers build a platform to explore the deep connotation of Chinese culture. Different from the textbooks simply teaching culture, Road to Success contains cultural eontents in language learning, Language leame and understanding. of culture bring out the best in each other. 5. Two-Dimension and Multi-Dimension Road 10 Success constructs a “teaching field” by means of modem seience and technology, where the txo-dimensional plane agrees with the multi= ional solidly. ‘The development and use of the multimedia courseware make up for the limitations of traditional paper teaching materials. Tt is. visual and vivid and can enhance teachers” ability wo adjust and control the teaching materials as well. For example, the flashing of new words, reconstruction of sentences and recurrence of backgrounds make the te ing process more10 effective. The multimedia courseware of Road to Success extends the contents of the teaching materials as far as after-class, expanding teaching space and forming a broad “teaching field”, where teachers can fully display their talents. In addition, the integrated teaching design and teaching ideas in the multimedia courseware of Road to Success are also teaching plans that are worth referring to Conclusion On the one hand language teaching ean be boring and on the other it also ean be faseinating. For those two results, teachers and teaching materials are the main reasons. T hope that Road to Success can bring brilliance to learners. Chief Editor: Qiu Jun June, 2008maid CONTENTS | BCEDF To Students . ] Ni hGo! How do you do?/Hi! ................. 38 HEF Notes on Chinese Phonetics 1. FRAPS AYERLE Tone mark labeling 2. £87 (1) The neutral tone (1), 3. F475 69 Bill (1) The sandhi in the third tone (1) 2 Z@oshang hao! Good morning! ................+. 38 EE Notes on Chinese Phonetics 1, RF a, @, ifVRF On the pronunciation of a, @ and i 2. 9FSiK Instruction on pinyin writing 3. APA BIH (2) The sandhi in the third tone (2) 3 Ni hé shénme?. What would you like to drink? ... ‘SEE Notes on Chinese Phonetics 1, FRE b. p.m { AYRE The articulation of initials b, p,m and f 2. FRAE 2, cy s HY The articulation of initials Z, ¢ and S 3. ARIE ©, u, 0AM 2% The articulation of mono-finals €, U and U 4. Ai—81 2 F The articulation of the first tone 5. FSHMATEMLIM The rules about marking the tones 4 W6 yao hun rénminbi. Vd like to change some money into RMB. --- iB BEF Notes on Chinese Phonetics 1. PRE d. ty ny 1 YEH The articulation of initials d, t, n and | 2. #HBE zh, ch, sh. ¢ fK)4C4F The articulation of initials zh, ch, sh and r 3. HIME Gi, ei, co, ou YX The articulation of finals ai, ei, ao and ou 4. 4 — FSH KF The articulation of the second tone5 Ni qu nar? Where are you going? 18 BEF Notes on Chinese Phonetics 1. FRE j, q. x AYA The articulation of initials j, g and x 2. FIRE g. k, h £9277 The articulation of initials g, k and h 3. SABE an, en. ins ang, eng, ing M2 ‘The articulation of nasal finals an, en, in; ang, eng and ing 4. $= 75 1YAEH (3) The sandhi in the third tone (3) corsets ST 6 Ni shi n@ gud rén? Where are you from?-.-- i ER Notes on Chinese Phonetics 1. FAREZ. ©. 3 zh, chy shs js ay x AUST HE To differentiate the finals 2, ¢, 85 2h, ch, shi j, q and x 2. Hb ie. de; ian, don HA The pronunciation of finals ie, 9; ian and an 3. SHAS The articulation of the fourth tone Pes shi wémen ji de zhdopian. This is a photo of my family. iB 1ERE Notes on Chinese Phonetics 1. FNL + A AUS} HF The differentiation between initials rand | 2, #2787(2) The neutral tone (2) & Ni xihuan chi shénme? What do you like fo eat? .... BB TER Notes on Chinese Phonetics JLAG Retroflexion «96 ‘EiR)225] Vocabulary .. WFAA! Index of Chinese Characters .... SCAU To Teachers «.. aoe t09\ PRA CA ATS)! ROR TEE GANS AER INTIS HOSS: ABA 8 HR. WN 8 RAVES, PRALTVAT P POE TASER, J HAE ERAS SSR ARAB EL — A ERE ERY | SEA. DS ZUR AEE ACIS EE PLA. AMM SESAME RDB TB FE ACIICA—FR, WORE, ESL, RT PDR HAIR 0 TF ORVART IT ATLL RE, (ML AR A SN, HOLES AAE, “AoA, IRSA 50 PARI, HAPTER AEA. ROYER AS HORE T AT TEGAN, ACB ARM DO A Se. LES, ALIA IHY . Real. TP AC RBIA, B%. BRO B RA BIR, eae AR Fae. AVERT SGA ADIN Fok, ATPASE At FTHANIZEUIT CBD TR) REPEATER TG BB TERRE DUB Bh, Serta BA! taat: TRAE 2008 -# 6 ATo Students Welcome to The Road to Success~Thresholdt This wil be your first step toward success during the process of Chinese study. There are only 8 lessons in book. However, after leaming these lessons, a solid foundation will be established both in pronunciation and the basic knowledge of Chinese characters. In addition, you will also master some words and expressions for daily communication, If you want to impress your future audience with your “perfect” spoken book Not only will you need to master the 3 basic elements of pronunciation (i.e. Chin you should invest a lot of time and effort while studying initials, vowels, and most importantly, the tones), but you will also have to understand the sound change in certain cireumstances. Perhaps you may have heard people complaining before that the Chinese characters were difficult to leam. However, afier studying this book, you will find that it is indeed not true, After finishing this book, you will easily master 50 basic Chinese characters, most of which are very commonly used to construct other characters. A solid foundation is thus laid for advanced study in the future. In addition to Chinese pronunciation and basic characters, this book will also familiarize you with those dialogues commonly used in daily communication. Examples include greeting, expressing gratitude, how to introduce yourself and other people, etc. You will have a sense of accomplishment after finishing the 8 lessons, because you will be able to speak quite some idiomatic sentences which will enable you to make simple communication with the native speakers, The Road to Success-Threshold is the key to enter the world of the Chinese language. Hope you find it fun and wish you success! Compiler: Zhang Hui June, 2008Ni hao! TOMAR CUR CORY) SRR Follow Me A: Nin hao! ? A: Ni hdo! ? B: Ni hao! B: Nimen hao! A 2 A: How do you do? / Hi! B: How do you do? / Hit 9 A: Ni héo ma? B: Héi kyl. a A: How are you? B: Not bad, *{BRid] Key Words nt you fain you (polite form) nimen you (plural form) hGo goods fine k@yi not bad a A: Hello! B: Hello!7 Alla Threshold: a 332 Learn Chinese Phonetics 1. BB) Initials 1) se Initials 2. 3&1) Finals (1) @eeeoeseevneeoeeoeeeee a ° e i u a ai ei ao, ou cc ‘ te nt ten in Finals ua uo uai uei(ui) uan uen(un) 3. #819 The four tones the first tone dNi rail How do you de?/ Fit fF the second tone ‘a = W. the third tone q Ne ay Ov xX N\ the fourth tone d 4. BR. HS. PBS) Combination of initials, finals and tones (1) BEBE (Initial) + #98 (Pinal) + 78 iF] (Tone) 71 (Syllable) b+a — ba t+tod > td net > nf b+ a > 1 n+ in > nin h + G0 — hao ko + uadn —* kuan g+u — gu O+rtoy o+tu > wo O+4>5y Oo ud + woMe Threshold: Alli (1) @ BAIEBAT Read the syllables. ma pai mé pai ma pai da dud da dud da da dud i huan hudén hudn huan ge yard) gé ya(a) gé atu) ge ya(u) (2) @ BAIEHa® Read the words. di + tu dita dan + gao tl dangao lou + ti lout ¥ mi + fan mifan mado + bi fennel mdobi ybyi bao wa bao wa bao wa bao wa yin féi yin f6i yin fei yinNT hao! a How do you da?/ Hit iEGILH Notes on Chinese Phonetics 1. FSVAFE-S 04K Tone mark labeling 4A PIR, UE SET bE OC i LAWS ZAR) ERGAUL) . iim: When there is only one vowel in a syllable, the tone mark is placed on the vowel (the dot on i must be removed before placing the tone mark). For example: m+ a + (the first tone) > ma f + u + % (the second tone) — fu n + i + (the third tone) 9 —> ni k + an+ %_ (the fourth tone) — kan AEE Ta ND REE Ay BS BB DE A PEED URE SBR TE HE AE BEE ke fan: When the final of a syllabl composed of 2 or more vowels, the tone mark must be placed on the main vowel. For example: h + ua+-— (the first tone) — hud b + ej + ¥ (the third tone) > béi 2. $278(1) The neutral tone (1) RAH LA-AA RARER, MA. BSI, RA RI %. fil: ma, nimen, Some syllables in Mandarin Chinese are pronounced both shortly and lightly. This is called the “neutral tone”, There is no tone mark for this kind of syllables. For example: ma, nimen. 3. $=s5H)ZiA(1) The sandhi in the third tone (1) PASS eee RTE, I SMATER Threshold When two adjacent syllables both carry third tones, the first syllable must be pronounced as the second tone, ie. vtrvoetyv PAULI: ni + dio MITRE ni hdos kéyl MSIE kéyi, For example: nf + hGo must be read as nf hGo and k&yi must be pronounced as keéyi. 42) Exercises 1. © + & ABM Look at the pictures and read the syllables. ma I you wo ny wil ). ox 2. © HEPA Read the following monosyllables. bo pi nd le mén wi dui banNi rf How do you do?/ Fl gai kudi hei tou kan lai pao guan 3, @ BORA Read the following disyllables. héiban kebén pifa maoyi nannii huidé wenti Hanyt pinyin kuailé louti yura Méigué Taigud Dégud Ribén 40 >Lyo © SRS HMR TRS Choose the syllables you hear and read them. Pay attention to the finals. Oo 6 Of fH OG ke Ohi ha Oe t @husn hin @mdo mou @gi gou Okai kan Olu ii @nan nén @dou dud wai wei @péi pén Whud hudi @fan fen Bg géi Bkud kud psi pei @Mhéi hui 5.9 > Lv > & BERTHS HR 2B Choose the syllables you hear and read them. Pay attention to the tones. @ma mé @dai dai Oguo gud Ou tu @bo bo @Okou kou @fa fa @ndo nao @han han Ow tui ou @Bguai guai ®bén ben ®kin kun @hus hua Gyo yu 6.9 + Lb, pe) SHRM Write down the initials you hear. ot (2)___ 6 (3) ____4o (4) @ (5)__o (6) ___én @ ud (8) __ou (9) an 40) ti (1) __éi (42) di (43) a4) 48) tt (46) ___uanNT Threshold 7.9 > Liao) Sasa Write down the finals you hear. Mm ()d_ (@)g__ ()b (a Mt__ ()p_ G0wi DL (43) b (ay k_ (15) h___ 8. @& xiEAD Complete the dialogues. (4) A: Ni hao! B: ! (2) A: Ni hdo ma? B: GA B: Nimen hao! 9 x iREAiB Classroom language. (4) Kan héibén. Look at the blackboard. (2) Gén w6 du. Read after me. @t__ (8) n___ (12) 9 (16) y_ AMESRF Interesting Chinese Characters @-y-4-e-o (k6U- mouth) f-$-9-1-7 (dao knife) i —H—- Pid (mén gate)CH: RARE BA MSR) ‘Table of combinations of initials and finals in this lesson. Ne alole ifula] ai ei oo | ou | an | en | in vo | uo | vai | vei (ui | uon | ven (un) AE @|afole|yjwul yw] ai ei ao | ov | an | en yin wa | wo | wai| wei | won| wen be bi | bu bai | bet | boo ban | ben bin P po pi | pu pai pei pao | pou | pan | pen pin m |ma|mo| me) mi | mu mai | mei mao | mou | man | men min fa | fo fu ‘ei | fou | fan | fen d | da de) di | au doi| dei | dao | dou | dan | den duo dui dun to te i | w toi | tei | too | tou | tan tuo tui tun n | na ne} ni | nu | ni | nai | nei | nao) now | nan | nen nin uo ‘fan lo le | i | w |) tai | tei | too | tou | tan lin tuo tuon | lun 9 | ga ge gu gi gei | gao | gou | gan | gen gua guo gual gui | guan| gun ka i ku koi kei | kao | kou | kan | ken kua | kuo | kui | kui | Kuan} kun h | he hu hoi | hei | hao | hou | han | hen hua | huo | huci | hui | huan| hunRRB Follow Me Zéoshang héo! ? A: Zéoshang héo! B: Zéoshang hao! A: Ni shénti zénmeyang? B: Hén héo. Xiéxie! Wang ldoshi, zhé shi Ouwén. : Nin hdo! Wa jiaio Ouwén, shi Fagud rén. C: Ni hao! Hudnying ni. B: Xiéxie! Ouwén A: Mr. Wang. this is Oven. B: Hello! Fm Oven, from France C: Hello! Welcome! B: ‘Thank yout Wang kioshr eid] Key Words zoshang mornin zha(zhai) thi shénti health shi be zénmeyang how JiGO name hon very FagUd France xi@xie thanks TEN people Waoshi teache hudnying weleomZdéoshang hao! Good morning! Ft Learn Chinese Phonetics 1. #382) Initials (2) 2. 3&2) Finals (2) if] “if or ang eng ong ia ie igo ioutiu)w ANB Threshold 3. BA, HS, PRS 2 Combination of initials, finals and tones (2) #0 (Initial) + #8 BE (Final) + #49 (Tone) (Syllable) oH 2 + Go — 200 c + éng — céng s + Gn— san zh + 6ng — zhong ch + ang — chang sh + én — shén r+e7re j+id— jit q+ Ué—+ qué x + ie > xie (1) @& BAIA Read the syllables. zu ca si zhan ché shi ~ réng jt qia xuan(tian) ie zan of su zhuo chao shéi rao jué(Ge) qian xing ér 240 ci sud zhé chang shui Vv 9 7 ruan jié ging xi ér mg ai cud sl zhong cha shuai rou jin quan(tian) — xtin(tin) ér: Zaoshang hao! Good morning! (2) & BAIRIAIZ Read the words, ci + dién bao + zhi cididn baozhi ji + dan xiang + jiao Li jidan xiGngjido 20 + qit gang + qin l 1 T zugid gangain iB BUH_Notes on Chinese Phonetics 1. Fa, e, iN On the pronunciation of a, @ andj (1) af§8t2 The pronunciation of a FDLADEECD , 0 FMA DOAD ATA BEET « There are four different pronunciations for a in the Chinese pinyin system fal: a ia ua {a]: ai uai an uan a fe): ian dan [a]: a0 ido ang iang uanga A AN (2) ENYRA The pronunciation of e FEDIB BEE, © RIAU RATAN BE: There are four different pronunciations for e in the Chinese pinyin system: Iv]: e fol: en uen eng ueng er . fel: ei uel lel: ie Ue Threshold (3) (HURB The pronunciation of i TEDL DERE , | Ub de Yo DUA AS FN TE There are four different pronunciations for i in the Chinese pinyin system fil: i ia ie igo jou in ian ing iang iong {1}: ai ei uai uel fh zici si Iu: zhi chi shi ri 2. $578 Instruction on pinyin writing a) “41. in, ing ARGENT, BETES MRS ARNOTT LL ys When / is the only final and appears at the beginning of a syllable like i, in and ing, ¥ must be added in front of i: is yi in > yin ing > ying “fic, ie, ico, iou, ian, jang, iong FAVA ME ATEL, ABE | BBC ys When i is located at the beginning of a syllable which has more than one final like ia, ie, 100, iou, ian, iang and iong, the final i must be replaced with ys ia ya ie ye igo > yao ian > yan iang > yang iong > yongZéoshang hao! Good morning! (@) SU ARE, REFER TTI Fw: When U alone forms a syllable, W must be added in front of u—> wu UA UTP IIHR RI, BEB BSR Ww: When u is located at the beginning of a syllable that carries more than one vowel, it must be replaced with w: uo > wo. uai > wai uei > wei uan — wan uen — wen uang — wang ueng — weng (3) HU RUA GIP IAT RE A PEA, BETES MCR AEA AIT IA: y, TaD BE 25 FG EAB: When G is located at the beginning of a syllable, y must he added in front of and the two dots on G must be removed: u— yu tie — yue tian — yuan tin > yun 1. x FO RVG PRUE DED. GUD am: When U follows j. q. or x, the two dots on G must also be remayed: J ju, jue, juan, jun q?+4d, Ue, tan, Gn qu, que, quan, qun 6 xu, Xue, Xuan, XUN, 3. S$=FaHVBiA (2) The sandhi in the third tone (2) AER, —. ID ARO GL, FSSA RB ST. When a third-tone syllable is followed by syllables of the first, second, or fourth tone, and the most syllables with a neutral tone, only the first half of the third tone isdi v4 ft AT Threshold 45) Exercises |, © + @ BARRED Look at the pictures and read the syllables.Zaoshang hao! © Good mein) AA 2. @ WRB Read the following monosyllables. song xing zhing re jig chun ér zai shuen xido gun san jian cai xué quan 3. @& MEMA Read the following disyllables. xizdio ‘eif hudché —jidoshi xuésheng — gianbi giichang —_réngyi shénti pinggud ——xidxi youja yinyué zudye zdoshang —zhiddo 47 Ly > @ BERT OE DHE, EOS Choose the syllables you hear and read them. Pay attention to the finals. @an ang @ yuan yin = Oia jié @ hang huang Odin ging @ xito xiv @ pang péng =@aqun quan @san_ sén @ zhudi zhi | O@zG zn = @ chun chin @® wang wéng = @ijidn jin Grou ud @sha shan @aqin ging ®she shen @chdo chou @chdng chang 5, 9- Ly > SRE AS PHBE. TRA Choose the syllables you hear and read them. Pay attention to the tones. @jia ja @cai cai @z0 wd @shui shui @ suan suan Oxi xi @ quan quan §=@zhéo zhao @sén san @ying ying Oj ja @® shudi shuai @jié jie @®xin xin @®zhua zhu = Gque qu 17All Threshold 6 ts 8, 2 > bob, po) SHOT BNE Write down the initials you hear. (1) i (2) _ ié (3) ido (5) us @)_tn ss (7)_us (9) uén (10) ui 11) __tin (3) 1) udng (15) id ? SL (a. o-) Sa eROF RAE Write down the finals you hear. (yj (2z_ (3)sh_ (Se (8) q__ (x (9) zh (10)s_ COR (13) re (14) fj (15) sh ‘© XiG4KS Complete the dialogues. (1) A: Zaoshang hao! B: (2) A: Nin shénti znmeyang? B: (3) A: Ni h@o! We jiao Ouwén, shi Fagué rén. B: NI hGo! Wé jido . shi rén Zhonggué Yingguo Ruishi Feildibin (4) ia (8) du (12) ui (46) uén (4c (8) r (12) ch (16) q__ yy Hangué ws AijiZdoshang héo! 7 ] Good morning! “ 9. RAAB Classroom language. (1) Xianzai shang ké. Now class begins. (2) Zai du yi bian Read it again. | (3) Xia ke, Class is over. ARAN F Interesting C ese Characters vl 303:-©O-O-Hs8-4F aS s ite (A sun) A wt Web (shG@n mountain) ft R-AR-A (rén_ human being) G-9-@-e=- (XIN heart)(it, BARAT EM AE, EHS R) ‘Table of combinations of initials and finals in this lesson, \e 4S mS ong igo | ioutiv) jong | ing | iong 6 ang yong | ying yong zang cang sang zh zhang ch chang sh shang rang jiang jing | jiong joo | jiu giao | iu xiao xiu T xiong | xing | xiong |Ni he shénme? ATTA COT CMTC OMeUiTA eg ? At Nih@ shénme? 4; What would you like to drink? B: W6 hé liicha. en A: Géi ni. B: Xiéxie. A: Bu kégi. Follow Me A: You're welcome, ° Az Nin mai shénme shuiguo? B: W6 mdi pinggud. A: Nin yao duéshao? A: What kind of fruit do you want? B: Sijin. B: T want apples. A: How much do you want? Dp B: Two kilos. \ pinggue eis] Key Words hé drink shulgud fruit shénme what yao want Wd |, me dudshao how many: how much di give JIN 12 kilo mai huyAil Threshold: SEF ILA Learn Chinese Phonetics Better be al bai bai bai bai bao bao bao bao bié bie bié bie bd bo bd. bo. z.c.s_ Initials: b, p, m, f; z, ¢, § ba bu bu buNi he shénme? What would you like to dink? => WHE Read aloud pa béi pai bio pdo Ye bei pai % bang pang4 .. Threshold: [s. ‘=> BATE Read aloud a ct zan can 240 cdo zu cu zul cul Zuo cud 2. S898: eu, Monofinals: e, uand ti [e] @l- UhNi he shénme? e ) '& BRI Read aloud fawit bue yusu fuzé bu ya yuce 3. #—F The first tone canjia xiGngjiao yinggai chuntian dangran gdangedi zhéngwén qingnian What woul yu ike to drink? pubi pust, jintian, shafa sit fénzhong xican, guanxin tongzhi = chafa kéxué huanying sirén jiGnglai féichang shéngci jiating yaoqid 25ANT Threshold: fangfa shénti tingxié Yingyt banzhang — dongbéi héibtn ——-f€ngjing —_-bingutin zhongwii = chiban kdishi bangzhi = chézhan fangbian - 4. fe | 960xing —_jidan tiangi wendu xiangxin yinweéi ténggud = gnjing féngfu {Ht Notes on Chinese Phonetics 1. BERD, p,m, fNRE The articulation of the initials b, p, m and f FEQLIB WIR IRE AGE, b. p.m, f RAL REND ee fice Re I a A AQ, ALE, PU ADR A EA A TS The articulations of b, p,m and f are made by either the coordination of the upper and lower lips or that of the upper teeth and lower lip. These are the foremost location in the phonology of Mandarin Chinese. VRS ERR: The differences in the manners of articulation are as follows: () b, pO: bI—-PMEBAH, Ip 2-BAE. Rplt, MRM Fa Uae The difference between b and p: pis an aspirated sound, pronounced with a strong release of breath while b is an unaspirated one.Ni hé shénme? What would you like to drink? (2) mde 7, ROPE, ARSE HEBD, ™ is a nasal sound. The voeal cords should vibrate while pronouncing m. (3) (JW EO RRA TOS. ARERR, TRE, Te See AM, TAIN, { is articulated by the upper teeth contacting lightly with the inner side (not the outer side) of the lower lip. 2. RAZ c. sHRE The articulation of the initials z, ¢ and s 2. c. SMYRTTFEL b, p.m, fIkHL ARES ET RMR SE He, La FH SLO TATA A RAT 2, © and are articulated at a place slightly behind that for b, p,m and f. They the coordination between the tongue tip and the inner side of the upper prs. VERB ERER: The differences in manners of their articulation are as follows: Q) 2, cHARE: zE-ATBAE, MoR-PBAB. Beit, we WA TERT. The difference between z and C: Z is unaspirated while ¢ is aspirated. A strong release of breath is made when ¢ is articulated. (2) Bez. Cl, ATA IC BAS LOOT BE, ATIF — BERR, UL eM, HH sw, THT TAP Heh, SEM A AER When z and ¢ are articulated, the tongue tip initially makes contact with the inner side of the upper inc ors before a narrow passage is opened to let the airstream go out, However, when $ is articulated, the tongue tip should not touch the inner side of the upper incisors. There always exists a narrow passage between them, 3ANTS Threshold = - 3. SBBe. u. waa The articulation of monofinals e, u and i (e. Us UH FALE The linguagram for e, U and Gi) CRE AAI ICE. RBA AME, ATLL Oo, EEF 1K, BHR MWR, MTR e KT. @ is a back, mid-high and unrounded vowel. If it is hard to pronounce this sound you can start by pronouncing 0 first and transform into € by extending the duration of © while gradually spreading the angles of lips. UAE mT. RGR, RTA, TR, OPAL VO eS PS a FTF A U is a back and high round vowel. While pronouncing u, the tongue is held backward with the lips being rounded and moved forward as much as possible, AE ANH TEE. MA APE, A, AR, TEAS), WARIO, ROPER AT LAR GOR LT. i is a front and high round vowel. If it is difficult to pronounce this sound, you can pronounce | first, and gradually transform it into G by extending the duration of i then round up the lips while keeping the tongue position unchanged, 4. S—FINVKE The articulation of the first tone SABA BOE KER WT BO, BRET, RRA ARR ELEa Ni he shénme? What would you like to dik? RAE TEAR RS NKR, SESE BRITA. Le sili, sirén, sixiang, simi The main vocal characteristics of the first tone is high and flat. When it is ed, the vocal cords are tightened up and the pitch is kept at a relatively higher level for a while, eg. Siji, sirén, sixiang, simi. a FAVAsRIEMMM The rules about marking the tones PW AL DG ETE TL BE PEE ETAT “M4 BE A An BI AS RD AS LL PE Wh, PUREE (ETF EY TERRE, FECES) AWE a, 0, e. i, u. G, fl: The tone rks should be put above the vowels. When a final consists of wo or more vowels, the tone mark should be labeled above the vowels with wider openness, in the order of a, 0, @, i, wand G, for example: ban fang ping déng xia you xia we ido hudi xiang —_xiong AGE LEAL AT iu. ald: However, iu is an exception, for example: fia = xid gia jit WEBI, iu Je iou HAMEL, iou WEEE i+ou, iou MUTT IX REE TARE RAHI IC FRE OE, (HEPA 0 4m, BRDU TAREE TERR ou HOF Bu ke HSC, ALOMAR i, This is because that iu is the abbreviation of iou which is made up by i + ou. The tone mark of ou should be labeled above the vowel © with the widest openness. $ © is omitted, the tone ndicator is put above U which represents OU, Therefore actually this does not contradict the rule above, 29 momAIS Threshold: #3) Exercises 1, © + @ BAMRAW Look at the pictures and read the syllables. ye , q nignai kéle guézhi pinggué xigua ctoméi puto bolud 2, @ RAB Read the following monosyliables. bian bdo bu bei pa pang pin pai mo ming mi mian féng fan fén fu zong zu zou zai cul cun cai cé si su sud song 3 SMENAT, PaEH Read the following disyllables. Pay attention to the initials. biipin pangbian —bidnpao.——pajobu mianbao ——mifan méfan mingbaiNi hé shénme? 5 ‘What would you like to drink? fangbian fénbi féngf fuza zicéng z6usi zizin zongsé cesud céisé cudzi cunzai 4 SF WERSS. FRE Read the following disyllables. Pay attention to the tones. déngtian fashdo fei zhongean gongyuan zh6ngxué —jingchang ~—xinwén sha@ngchang Jingcai gGngbi bi@ozhiin jingji gdngzud yinyue k6éngqi 5.) + Lv — em eR ROF Aa BIEBER HERS Choose the syllables you hear and read them. Pay attention to the initials. Ov pi @bii pu @bao puo Obs pd @bin pin @mé bd @mén fan Om pu @fei bs @fan pen Oza co @zuan cuan ®zang cang ®@zin ssn Gzwd sud Choose the syllables you hear and read them. Pay attention to the tones. Oy yo @cai cdi @mén men Osui sui @fan fan @z 2 @ cin can @ bao bao @sén san @pin pin Of fu @zi 2a @®féng feng @ciin cin Gma ma Gz 2 | | 69> Lv > © AERIS IME eR | | st D> Led. pe) > er SURO A BRED Write down the initials you hear and read the syllables. (1) i do (2) ui, ian (3) do an 31AIR Threshold (4)__ud_ eng. (5) ani (6) an__u (7) ana (a) ang (9)__t__ing (0) én__i6 (11) ai (2) ue (13) u ud = (14) ng jan (15) do. ing 8 DoD Coe 27S) er SHEERS Write down the finals with tones you hear and read the syllables. ()b__p. (22 f @)p__b Amb (eo c ft z Mb. m__ (8)m. m. () p fi (0)p__m__ (ts s (12) m_p. 9. =J Complete the dialogues. (1) A: Ni hé shénme? B: ee x 4 (2) A: Nin mai shénme shuigu6? w ©Ni hé shenme? 5 Whot would you ike o drink? 10. 5% IRE. Classroom language. (1) XiGnzai tingxié. Now the dictation. (2) Qing da kai shi, di___y@. Please open your books and turn to page__. (3) Jintian de zudyé shiv ‘The assignment for today... iF Learn to Write Chinese Characters 1. SLERASIR Basic strokes of Chinese characters 20 2H BSTR HF a Stroke Name Way to write Example Explanation — am The horizontal stroke is written from left to. hana coat Bit, asthe fist stoke of “A. | RK The vertical stroke is written from top downward to hottom, as the second stroke of| ?, oo I ‘The downward-left stroke is written from top| to bottom-left, as the third stroke of “AC”. X\ 8 Al Te The downward-right stroke is written from top to hottom-right, as the fourth stroke of “AS”. wood ‘ . y ‘The dot is written from top to bottom-right, as: = *S "7 the first stroke of “I”. gate aw 4 ot sR ‘The upward stroke is written from bottonleft 1 ' top-right, as the fourth stroke of “#8”, 2. $5BAMSF Learn basic Chinese characters @o-— vy one 1 strokeAIT Threshold — — ef two. 2 strokes Stroke order: ~ = ® = san three 3 strokes wu Stroke order: a +. : ° A rén human being 2 strokes Stroke order: 7 A x da big 3 strokes:Ni he shénme? ‘What would you like to drink? ° —-O-t-4— + ou Stroke order: earth - +k 3 strokes: Stroke order: rs bi mo zhi yan 3 25 mmmVe Ub eS gat tae andes yan eee RRR Follow Me ? A: NihGo! Wo you méiyudn, yao hudn rénminbi. B: Huan dudshao? A: Erbdi méiyudn. oY a. B: Gai nin qian. t A: Xiéxie. Zaijian. A: Hello! U have U.S. dollars. Ud like to change some money into RMB. y, Be Hon much do you want to change? A: [want to change 200 .US. dollars Bs Here you a A Thank vou. Bye ® As Ninenhool B: Ni hao! Women qi Yihé Yuan. A: Nimen shi litxuéshéng ma? B: Dui A: Hello! B: Hil We're a2 Aid you fave B: Yes. 329218] Key Words you ZAHIAN — yod-lye M@iyuGn US. dollar women ts huan qu ww rénminbi tis lidxuéshéng forivn siudev gian : Ud rishi:W6 yao huan rénminbi dike to change some money into RMB. $343 JLB Learn Chinese Phonetics Better 1, FR: do ton. ls zh. ch. sh. r Initials: d, t, n, |: zh, ch, sh andr da dado dou di dié du dud d © da dao — di dié du duo hy di dio dou di — du dud da dao dou di — di dud 7Wa. Threshold: S| PAi~ Read aloud al <> t tt — 0a ta nu la dud tud nu la dou tou ni Wi dian tian nan, lan dang tang nit lic chi chan ché chéng chi chuan Ich ea ce | chi chin — chéng cha chuén a chi chan ché chéng cht chutn chi chan ché chu chudn chengWo yao hudn rénminbi 4 Fdlike to change some money into RMB. shi shé shGo shai shén shang shi shé shdo shu shén — shi shé shto shi shén shéng } shdo shu shén shang SH BIE Read aloud zhichi rénzhén shéngri zhtinshi richang shourts chanshéng réshui chaoshi 2. $8: ai, ei, ao, ou Di-finals: ai, ei, ao and ou 3lao baodao chdondo: h&ohaor — shdoktio | rm 4g ‘&> BAIR Read aloud di <>» ej ao <—> ou i mai Aozhou Taibéi gaoshou shaihai hdoshdu zaipéi z@oshou héibai houdao méichéi toundo méi mai gouzdoWé yao hudn rénminbi — nr Fdlike to change some money ina RMB. 3. $= The second tone fangjian guojia likai Zz + aa o mingtian tengwo Lei jié han shijian inj zuotian tigdo maojin huida il a+ & ce | Mangia nian tongxué chéféng — céngqién —liuxué mingnién youju yuanlai —érténg cidian érgié nidndi méiyéu ménkéu pinggud. qiichang yduydng —rénkéu conge chudnténg 7 +Mie limi bucud chiddo héshi 7 + \ we ldojia youpidao. fawo nidnji pidai ranhou jeri chéngji boft: Sit Notes on Chinese Phonetics 1, RR. ton eee The articulation of initials d, t, n and] FED I IGMOIA BABE, ds ton. LAURA RR ELE 2, c. 8 aK 1