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5 Techniques of integration
3.5.1 Technique 1: Substitution Method
Substitution method is the technique in integration that relates to the chain rule in
differentiation.
3.5.2 Procedure of integration by substitution
1. Choose a substitution x (t ) that simplifies the integrand f (x) .
2. Express the entire integral in terms of (t ) and dt .
3. The given integral should have the form f ( x)dx g[ (t )]dt
4. Perform the anti-differentiation
5. Reverse the substitution
3.5.3 Examples
1. 3x 2 ( x 3 2)10 dx
Put t x 3 2
dt 3x 2 dx
3x 2 ( x 3 2)10 ( x 3 2)10 3 x 2 dx
t10 dt
t11
c
11
( x 3 2)11
c
11
5
2. sin x cos xdx
dx
Put cos x t sin x 1 sin xdx dt
dt
sin x cos5 xdx cos5 x sin xdx
t 5 ( dt )
t 5dt
t6 cos6 x
6 6
tan x
3. e sec2 xdx
dx
Put tan x t sec2 x 1
dt
sec2 xdx dt
e tan x sec2 xdx et dt et e tan x
3.5.4 Exercises
x
1. dx
2 x
3
2. x5 (2 x6 ) 2
(log x) 4
3. dx
x
dv du
uv u dx v dx
dx dx
udv vdu
udv uv vdu
3.5.6 Examples:
1. x 2 log xdx
u log x ; dv x 2 dx
du 1
; v x 2 dx
dx x
1 x3
du dx ;v
x 3
Now,
udv uv vdu
2 x3 x3 1
log x x dx (log x)( 3 ) 3 ( x )dx
x3 x3
(log x) c
3 9
x
2. xe dx
Put u x ; dv e x dx
du
1 ; v ex
dx
du dx
udv uv vdu
x x x
xe dx x.e e dx
xe x e x c
3.5.7 Exercises
1. x cos xdx
2. xe 3 x dx
Web Sources:
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