Ask yourself 0 Am! following the exact wording of the question? 0 Dothe sentences or paragraphs form a logical transition with those before and after? EBB conesn ano onc ‘COHESION: the contiity om sentence to sentence, with egardsto sje and content. ORGANIZATION: the logical presentation of ideas in the passage, especially with regards to sentence order. t LOGICAL SEQUENCE OF IDEAS Sentences should be positioned so that they flow seamlessly from a given sentence ‘to the following sentence. As a general rue, ideas in @ paragraph should go from general to specific and back to genera: FIRST SENTENCE OF THE PARAGRAPH: States the general topic and central point of the paragraph MIDDLE SENTENCES OF THE PARAGRAPH: Provide specific details and analyses that are relevant to the topic and that support the central point of the paragraph. LAST SENTENCE OF THE PARAGRAPH: Restates the general topic and central point of the paragraph. ( INOTE: Sometimes the question asks where an existing sentence should be placed, and | sometimes the question states that the writer plans to add e sentence and asks you where it | should be placed. In both cases, the standards by which you make your choice are the same: “To-maks this paragraph mos logical, sentence 4 The writer wants togG the following sentene Should be placed the paragraph, 1) sere ee | C) afler sentence 2. ae D) after sentence 5 ‘The best placement for the sentence is A) before sentence 1 B) after sentence 1 ©) after sentence 2 D) after sentence 3Place the sentence so that it does not abruptly change the topic of the paragraph, and so that it enhances and clarifies the meaning of the previous and the following sentences [1] Jocelyn was a generally well-behaved girl, ‘The writer plans to add the following sentence. [2] She did her homework promptly played nicely with her friends, and was respectful to her parents. eee eae [3] However, sometimes she acted out of character, permission, to climb the tree that she so. ‘breaking the rules. [4] On these nights, she simply Seaty loved could not resist the temptation that the sweet night air and beckoning tee posed. ‘To make this paragraph most logical, the sentence should be placed A) after sentence 1 8} after sentence 2. ©) after sentence 3. W D)_ after sentence 4, ‘Al (the new sentence is NOT an instance of Jocelyn being “well-behaved.”) 8) {the new sentence is NOT an instance of Jocelyn being “respectful to her parents.”) ©) (the new sentence IS an instance of “her breaking the rules.") D)_ (sentence 4 would be unclear without the appropriete introduction to “these nights" and the tree." }) NOTE: Sometimes the question wll ask where to place a certain paragraph inthe context of / the passage as 2 whole. In these cases, the same standards apply as those involving sentence placement: When you read a paragraph, keepin mind what each paragraph dose (oe below) This will help you answer the questions about paragraph placement more aptly. [GIVEN THAT...) {Paragraph 1 introduces a museum) To make the passage most logical, paragraph [Paragraph 2 describes the details ofa specific 2 should be placed exhibit] A) where itis now. [Paragraph 3 introduces a specific exhibit within ia 3) after paragraph 3. V7 iat museum] ©) after paragraph 4 [Paragraph 4 expands on the details of that D) after paragraph 5. specific exhibit} [Paragraph § mentions how museum visitors respond to that specific exhibit.) A) (details may confuse the reader without an introduction to the exhibit) 8) (describing details of the exhibit should be placed BEFORE expanding on those details) ©) (expanding on details should came after the details) (describing details at the end would intertupt the flow between the paragraphs about the details of the exhibit)USING YOUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE PASSAGE (Over the course of the passage, you must: 0 Identify the main focus of the passage. 0 Identify the more specific topies of the paragraphs. 0 Understand the writer's stance on the topic he or she has written about. supports the writer’s point. Make sure to DELETE content that is irrelevant to the topic of the paragraph or passage, DELETE content that is redundant, and DELETE content that directly contradicts the writer's point. © Ensure that content that is RETAINED IN or ADDED TO the passage clarifies or ) NOTE: Some questions ask whether an underlined portion should be deleted, and some | "7 ask whether a given sentence should be added to the passage. In order to answer these questions, you must apply your understanding of the passage as a whole: Green energy sources representa valuable “The writer is considering deleting the | cpporunity to improve the environment ane underlined porton, Should the writer make maintain our curent standard of living in 8 this deletion? sustainable way. Wind power solar power, 1 Yes, because the underined portion ‘and even wave power—an-emerging field. detracts from the paragraph's focus on that hamesses the kinetic energy of waves in ‘green energy. the ocean—are growing sectors of the energy B) Yes, because the information in the economy and should not be ignored. underlined portion is provided in the previous sentence. ©) No, because the undetined portion Gefines aterm thats important tothe passage. ¥ ©} No, because the underlined portion Qjves an example of a parla ocean {hat can efficiently provide wave power [GIVEN THAT THE FOLLOWING PARAGRAPH IS ABOUT WAVE POWER.) In the answer choices for these “The BECAUSE i just as important asthe YES of NO. Carefully ead all answer options before selecting one, Hf you use your knowledge ofthe entire passage, itis possible to PREDICT the answer to be YES or NO prior 10 process of elimination. : (SEEBERB_ rou owns wsraucons m THe aves Often, questions will be worded as follows: | The writer wants to do X. Which choice best accomplishes this goal? | 9 Which choice does x?A) (does not give “a specific example") B) (does not specify “reading every day") G) (does not give a “positive effect”) 0) (provides a "specific positive effect”) \ 7 the one that is most concise: ie ‘Hpically, the forest begins to show evidence of browsing in early autumn, This follows several weeks of deer population growth, Choose the option that fulfills the instructions given as X. Some options will satisfy one part of X but not all. These are incorrect. The writer wants to provide a specific exemple ofa postive eect of reading every day. Which choice bes accomplishes this goa? 4) NO CHANGE 3) Those who read often find that their eyesight significantly improved. 2 Reading everyday can mean that You have les time for other setts >) Reading daily has improved my 1 score by 10 percentage points. Oa Which choie most efectvely combines the ‘wo santenas atthe underlined portion? 2) autumn, flowing i © autumn, and sich browsing follows ©) autumn, and this evidence flows Use this space to write additional notes about Cohesion and Organization errors.These questions match the format of the Cohesion and Organization errors that you will see on Bre the SAT Follow the directions below ONE Questions 1-8 are based on the following passage. ‘The writer plans to add the following sentence to this paragraph One ofthe of living in apart of France ee oe Ce (On nights like that, there is only one thing to do: give borders the English Channel is that I can gt not ony the TV ‘way fo one of my television guilty pleasures ep oy ne ‘To make this paragraph most logical, the sentence Shanes of France but also those ofthe UK. | would ik ae ee to say that I switch betwen the two, enjoying two diferent A) before sentence 1 B) after sentence 1. views ofthe world, Sadly, the truth is that Ihave neither the © afer sentence 2 D) after sentence 3. Which choice most effectively combines the two sentences at the underlined portion?” ability nor the patience to follow French programs. [1] This is not to say that I spend my evenings watching the news. [2] It is ironic that even with such a plethora of | choices, there are some evenings when | ook through the TV D) show"a schedules and declare that there is nothing worth watching. [3} “There isa channel that only shows endless repeats of shows fiom the past. [4] There I find my favorite program when the ‘news is not on, [5] It is neither British nor French. 6] Rather, this program is an American TV series that ran for over ten years, = French television i placid, urbane, patronizing, and boring. Its also poor venue for women, Of course, women do appear, but rarely as central performers ina program. On early evening chat shows, they are always supporters of the central male “star of the IE show.” He isa charismatic. ‘guy who flashes frequent smiles: he clearly thinks that he is iesitible, The participants laugh a great deal andthe “star345 iteh 3 ONE talks, interminably. French news bulletins are invariably presented by men and present a view ofthe world that is centered completely on Pars, as ifthe rest of France did not exist. Politicians are treated wit deference and are never questioned aggressively. The major evening program is inevitably a movie, regularly French but sometimes an American or English film tha has been poorly dubbed. EW There is no variation throughout the week, except on Saturday nights when the film is replaced with an endless cabaret featuring very old French singers. W4— British news programs, unlike those of France, are ‘aggressive, investigative critical of politics, and wide- ‘ranging in their attempts to provoke, infuriate, and entertain their viewers. No matter which news channel isin question, British reporters from war zones or ther dangerous arcas areas likely to be female as male. Ml They will also be of liferent ettnic origins. What the viewer sees on television reflects te fll spectrum of UK society. The accents of those who present the news range fom Northen Irish to ‘West Indian to Asian. Asa result television is a much more important element inthe society ofthe UK: in France, ii, by and large, ignored, ‘These questions match the format of the Cohesion and Organization errors that you will see. (on the SAT. Follow the directions below. Athi point, the writer is considering adding the following sentence, But my absolute favorite French program is one about traditional food in agrarian communities ‘Should the writer make this addition here? A) Yes, because if reinforces the passage’s main point about the superior quality of French television 'B) Yes, because it acknowledges the writer's preference for areas of France outside of Paris, ©) No, because it discusses a mode of entertainment that is irelevant to the passage. 1D) No, because it undermines the passage’s emphasis on the inferior quality of French television ‘Which choice gives an additional supporting example that emphasizes how British news programs feature a ‘mere diverse staff than do French news programs? A) NO CHANGE ) They also are all highly educate. C) They invariably are more blunt than French reporters. 1D) They also do a better job of speaking clearly.194 (ot 1} 9 ONE ‘the SAT. Follow the directions below. [1] Murder, She Wrote features an amateur detective, loosely based on Agatha Christie's Miss Marple but transformed into an American writer of detective novels. [2] But Ml even though she tends to solve crimes, her appearance in that town means tat very shorty at least one murder will coceur [3] Sadly, the police are quite incapable of solving the crime and are determined to imprison the innocent. 4] Her ‘name is Jessica Fletcher an she ives in Cabot Cove in New England. 5] Happily, inbetween finishing the latest novel in ‘ime forts publication deadline giving lectures at various academic institutions and stopping by the homes of her ich and famous frends, Jessica is able to sort things out to the admirat of the professionals and the gratitude ofthe falsely ‘accused—and all in forty-five minutes! [6] The show is total nonsense Il: absurd plots, mechanical acting, and appalli scrips, [7] However, from the moment the opening bars ofthe show’s opening theme are sounded, | am hooked. I Question El asks about the previous passage as a whole. ‘These questions match the formst of the Cohesion and Organization erors that you wil seo on ‘The writer wants to include a phrase that conveys the ‘broad applicability ofthe claim in the sentence. Which choice best accomplishes this goal? A) NO CHANGE B) no matter where she is ©) disregarding any hope of plausibility 1D) since she brings bad luck with her The writer is considering deleting the underlined portion (ending the sentence with a period) Should the ‘writer make this deletion? A) Yes, because the information inthe underined portion blurs the paragraph’s focus by introducing new ideas that are not explained. 'B) Yes, because the underlined portion repeats information that has been provided in an earlier paragraph, © No, because the information inthe undertned portion clarifies the writer's assertion about the show. Db) No, because the information in the underlined portion reinforces the thesis ofthe passage a ‘To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 4 should be placed A) where it is now B) after sentence | ©) after sentence 2. ) after sentence 5. ‘Think about the previous passage as a whole as you answer question 8, ‘To make this passage most logical, paragraph 2 should bee placed. A) where itis now. B) after paragraph 3. ©) alter paragraph 4 ) after paragraph 5.13.43 fell} TWO the SAT. Follow the directions below. Questions 9-16 are based on the following passage. ‘The way write an essay is like this think of atopic that Ivan! to have a goat. Then I write a ong fist paragraph {Lary to make it striking and inviingly phrased. Then Let the second paragraph develop. Then, I ook at what Ihave compose and ask the question that should really have thought about before I started: where do think his piece is ing? Then I start to reread and ut all he unnecessary and showy stuf Ihave putin the fst paragraph ll Forexample, when asked about what actualy lke about Baltimore (where Hive) and why remain here (apart from ‘the inability to escape because | cannot drive), I determine the tone fiom my vew of the subject. fom writing as honesty as can. know that whenever [write anything whichis quite god, do so by behaving ike a camera and Mil using. technology to aid my creative process, The energy that comes from doing what you love is inspiring | fel similar sensation when | was directing plays The enerey spurs on ideas andthe hones eye stops me from being too clever for words. And all of itis just fun, too, “These questions match the format ofthe Cohesion ane Orgenization errors that you will see on ‘Which choice mos effectively combines the wo sentences a the underlined portion? A) paragraph, and trying ®) paragraph trying ©) paragraph, ying D) paragraph to try ‘AL this point, the writer is considering adding the following sentence, Writing is different for everyone, soit is probable that other people have diferent strategies, Should the write make this adltion here? A) Yes, because it adds a relevant fatto the wrte’s discussion of writing, B) Yes, because it clarifies the writer's claim about his personal writing proces. ©) No, because it merely reformulates the thought expressed inthe preceding sentence 1) No, because I detracts fom the paragraph’ focus on the writer's individual writing process. o Which choice most effectively reinforces the writer's ‘main point about “behaving like a camera”? A) NO CHANGE B) expressing myself artistically. © recording what I see in my mind’s eye D) creating memories that I can look back on.1631: Two [1] Ei Nevertheless, teaching writing was similar. [2] liked nearly all the classes I used to teach—well, for sure, there ‘were some difficult times, but on the whole | looked forward to each day. (3] HB L1reated my classes as though they were. theater performances. [4] Afterall, in the theater you have to| ‘work the audience, to engage it, to surprise it, to make it want to.come back the next time to see what is going to happen. [5] | think (and I don’t want to sound arrogant here) that students used to look forward to the next class to find out what was. going to happen, and because I had enthusiasm for what Iwas presenting, they began to look at each of our sessions not as ‘a chore but as something rather fun. {6] You give a student a ‘good grade because what the student has produced is good, [7] You give a student a top grade only when there is nothing further to be said on what the student has produced. [8] When anyon my class got the top mark possible, the news went round the IJ school. {9} That student felt deservedly proud. [10] A teacher does not tell a student what to think. [11] A teacher helps a student to want to think. HE ‘These questions match the format of the Cohesion and Organization errors that you will see on the SAT. Follow the directions below. ‘Which choice most smoothly and effectively introduces the writer's discussion of teaching inthis paragraph? A) NOCHANGE 8) I felthe same way about teaching writing ©) Teaching writing, it evoked the same Feelings in me D) Lalso felt certain way when I was doing paid work, like teaching writing 5 The writer i considering deleting the underfined sentence. Should the sentence be kept or deleted?” A) Kept, because it introduces a comparison that continues in the paragraph. BB) Kept, because it substantiates the writer's claim that teaching is not for everyone C) Deleted, because it merely reformulate the thought expressed inthe preceding sentence. D) Deleted, because it interrupt the discussion of teaching writing oo ‘Which choice most effectively combines the two sentences at the underlined portion? ‘A) school, and the B) school, the ©) school; and the D) school, which the ‘The writer plans to add the following sentence to this paragraph. Tis enjoyment is not just a matter of “playing to the gallery” and giving in to the student—too ‘many teachers do that—but of maintaining a certain strictness of quality. ‘To make this paragraph most logical, the sentence should be placed A) afler sentence 2. B) after sentence 4 ©) after sentence 5. D) after sentence 10,“These questions match the format ofthe Cohesion and Organization eros that you il ses on EXERCISE ‘the SAT, Follow the directions below. TWO LIJAII know is that my exstudents stil write about a What they discovered in my lessons, and I fel proud of that. 0 make this paragraph most logical, sentence 3 should be placed [2] Personally, was a useless student at school—awkward, A) whete its now, 8) aller sentence 1 completely lost, and miserable in a boarding house (3 ©) er sentence 4 D) afer sentence 5 ‘wanted to escape and didn't know how to break free. [4] When ae 1 id become a teacher, one ofthe main things I wanted to do vas to make sure that nobody felts ost and muddled and wil as did when I was a teenager (oF in my twee, for that mater). [5] But Ihave digressed, once again, carried away’ by my memories of ite, swept off in a sea of emotion. [6] At least, the tone is clear, no? Hi